Seismic attributes and impedance simulations image lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary systems, Indus Basin

Seismic attributes and impedance simulations image lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary systems, Indus Basin | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Seismic attributes and impedance simulations image lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary systems, Indus Basin Shazia Naseem, Muhammad Tayyab Naseer, Asif Khan, Muna Elsadig, and 8 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7592988/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The upper shoreface depositional systems (UDSE) of deltaic depositional sequences form excellent stratigraphic traps for petroleum exploration that are developed during falling seas and slow rise. They have thin-bedded (hydrocarbon-bearing) sandstone lenses, which complete a depositional sequence. However, they are constrained by the full-spectrum seismic amplitude profiles (FAP) to quantify them for average porosity (Pavg), hydrocarbon saturation (SH), water saturation (Sw), effective porosity (Peff), acoustic impedances [AI] [g/cm 3 *m/s] for lithology contrasts, controls on the fluid migrations (both vertical and lateral), and hence, to discriminate the types of reservoir facies inside the diversified parasequences. Therefore, this study is intended to execute the petrophysical modelling (PM) and MBBI tools on a gas field in Central Indus, Pakistan. The conventional seismic amplitude could not predict the presence of any fractured zones, which eventually failed to implicate the controls on the vertical/ lateral facies and fluid. The PM predicts 15% Pavg, 14% Peff, 37% Sw, and 63%. The MBBI using a broadband frequency bandwidth spectrum of 12-43-Hz and a ~ 36-Hz tuned-frequency have improved quantification and enhancement of S/R for UDSE. The MBBI has accurately predicted the AI of 7828 [g/cm 3 *m/s] for thin-bedded (gas-bearing) aggradational parasequences with parallel seismic reflection configurations of fluvial-dominated point bars-sourced sedimentary influxes for UDSE, ~ 10550 [g/cm 3 *m/s] for transgressive top sealing, progradational, ~ 12520 [g/ cm 3 *m/s] for bottom sealing parasequences, and 9300–12220 [g/cm 3 *m/s] for lateral retrogradational parasequences, which implicates the standstill and moderate-to-high rising sea-levels. The east-west fluctuating AI from ~ 7800–9800 [g/cm 3 *m/s] implies the lateral facies-controlled gas migrations. Shoreface depositional system hydrocarbon-bearing lenses model-based and linear programming sparse spike seismic inversions gas-bearing aggradational parasequences seismic reflection configurations Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7592988","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":520430115,"identity":"eac772ce-fb3d-4598-8611-bc98c89fa26e","order_by":0,"name":"Shazia Naseem","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Quaid-I-Azam University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shazia","middleName":"","lastName":"Naseem","suffix":""},{"id":520430118,"identity":"f435a6fa-8440-4d7f-8f8a-bd569ad02bc7","order_by":1,"name":"Muhammad Tayyab Naseer","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Quaid-I-Azam University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"Tayyab","lastName":"Naseer","suffix":""},{"id":520430119,"identity":"54b9abbe-ffb7-4d18-8e82-051fd69f02ad","order_by":2,"name":"Asif Khan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Quaid-I-Azam University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Asif","middleName":"","lastName":"Khan","suffix":""},{"id":520430120,"identity":"de9bb5e9-0a7b-49d3-bcdb-87fd38fc2fab","order_by":3,"name":"Muna Elsadig","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muna","middleName":"","lastName":"Elsadig","suffix":""},{"id":520430121,"identity":"7542b63b-ac02-43e1-b65e-fb2f4d9bb818","order_by":4,"name":"Zeeshan Ali","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Quaid-I-Azam University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zeeshan","middleName":"","lastName":"Ali","suffix":""},{"id":520430122,"identity":"efc1b388-d3f9-4a93-a02f-3c169be28044","order_by":5,"name":"George Kontakiotis","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"George","middleName":"","lastName":"Kontakiotis","suffix":""},{"id":520430123,"identity":"da950b67-0d52-4b21-b935-bc7499aa5418","order_by":6,"name":"Assimina Antonarakou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Assimina","middleName":"","lastName":"Antonarakou","suffix":""},{"id":520430124,"identity":"71300572-4cd5-4b6b-8ace-a2155d852ac4","order_by":7,"name":"Ilyas Khan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ilyas","middleName":"","lastName":"Khan","suffix":""},{"id":520430125,"identity":"7a4b78dd-fc2c-4112-8c25-33af9f68ccf9","order_by":8,"name":"Mohsen Bakouri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Majmaah University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohsen","middleName":"","lastName":"Bakouri","suffix":""},{"id":520430126,"identity":"2f7e2b6d-6559-4d3f-a603-1014c52ee371","order_by":9,"name":"Tareq Alqahtani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Majmaah University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tareq","middleName":"","lastName":"Alqahtani","suffix":""},{"id":520430127,"identity":"23167253-fc9f-4137-b102-ff578cf44c15","order_by":10,"name":"G. R. Elnaggar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"G.","middleName":"R.","lastName":"Elnaggar","suffix":""},{"id":520430128,"identity":"c925b7c7-3b80-4a55-a708-9335e736afee","order_by":11,"name":"MUHAMMAD TAYYAB NASEER","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Quaid-I-Azam University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"MUHAMMAD","middleName":"TAYYAB","lastName":"NASEER","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-11 14:38:25","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7592988/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7592988/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":92458521,"identity":"4ba00b7a-5056-4b19-8b5d-dcf61851cc32","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2994501,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FIGURES.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/bdb324e6798d1c073e85bb79.docx"},{"id":92460010,"identity":"2a71b826-771c-4047-b976-9194696ac461","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:23:29","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":151110,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Naseemetal.JPEPT.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/0ef0f979c26e6b6d3fa06f46.docx"},{"id":92458508,"identity":"46aa1f5c-bcde-44ca-9a99-b699ba1e122c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:28","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":18522,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TABLES.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/8801c07ef4392cc634bc320c.docx"},{"id":92458509,"identity":"9c8153b3-e59f-4e38-8cb4-2ab6f8b043f3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:28","extension":"json","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":13365,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"0ecdfd2806d84c0dabd34b49f5df66ac.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/dd4a045f388c92a9b7268464.json"},{"id":92458516,"identity":"d14b6237-4a6c-4afe-8eb6-57126b673607","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"xml","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":155812,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"0ecdfd2806d84c0dabd34b49f5df66ac1enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/b7a447dab0b8b99b9be4dc87.xml"},{"id":92458511,"identity":"7fd6fd5a-51df-4ae2-a422-267db45031bc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"eps","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1073,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage2.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/a62680be738499d9f5ab5c52.eps"},{"id":92459396,"identity":"1396e88d-b31c-4652-8dd9-814d4b9754c5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:15:28","extension":"eps","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1009,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage3.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/5383828c414f94994668e4a9.eps"},{"id":92459397,"identity":"a2628812-463c-43da-bbaa-b8be6d34904a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:15:29","extension":"eps","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":71138,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage4.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/f7ca62fd657a16f3b14deef3.eps"},{"id":92458519,"identity":"f36a5119-adec-4bfc-9388-49ced2000b09","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"eps","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":74241,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage5.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/7654404850d860be537c274c.eps"},{"id":92458517,"identity":"85da3d2c-0227-4e89-9d9d-02c60fb56fe5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"eps","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":86374,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage6.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/48cf313517f0941f7a7a179e.eps"},{"id":92458523,"identity":"9c8608db-ef56-492c-aa32-78ee90ee7256","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":333196,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/9ba62da977b81c1053700ec9.png"},{"id":92459400,"identity":"129d3533-70a2-437e-8888-145c2d9c8d2e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:15:29","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":51051,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/1933919846a4ab2560d5f087.png"},{"id":92458529,"identity":"a466545c-dbf1-47ca-b237-d81b022d3d59","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"jpeg","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1606862,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/b5d270718f4a0b28ea903561.jpeg"},{"id":92458535,"identity":"0dfa624c-ac55-404d-b5e0-2d66dbee603c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":132616,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/6043e793d16338c64c2488c4.png"},{"id":92459401,"identity":"30cd5130-687a-4d12-b0d4-43f0b8851168","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:15:29","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":101229,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/ba58dba8d45465995c43d648.png"},{"id":92458514,"identity":"8975aed4-ff41-4738-b1ed-0d9ce5cdf29f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":57847,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/0c3798e9739ecadcdf5287c9.png"},{"id":92459403,"identity":"45e237b2-9009-400a-9fa8-d0ff4657cde3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:15:29","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":233791,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/f3e07f0ac216a0f7950944c4.png"},{"id":92459398,"identity":"74798dd2-f5bd-4c46-8ea5-871ca1621e89","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:15:29","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":30458,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/7396ad982348306a4ca4d061.png"},{"id":92459402,"identity":"3dd37e32-1462-4db5-a552-8800eaec6e01","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:15:29","extension":"jpeg","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1742613,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/fc3179e17d425fcbb5a33ae7.jpeg"},{"id":92458532,"identity":"7723ed79-b479-4f64-8529-57db79d540c6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":42178,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/15f5faa1234306fb5fd713d5.png"},{"id":92458525,"identity":"d32a7231-3cb2-4daf-a4c4-abcc550457d7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":14859,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/d9013d1df238158023c92b19.png"},{"id":92458526,"identity":"5f0b25db-4466-4353-9739-b40968b831a0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":405670,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/f63e0543d0cb7736427d00ab.png"},{"id":92458531,"identity":"573ac334-ae73-4443-a0fa-5a8b08655368","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":33008,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/91adfaaf15298eaae1d1651c.png"},{"id":92458527,"identity":"bdadb03a-8803-421e-95ac-b63535315a39","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"png","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":19878,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/c5072fe1757194e0f245ca3e.png"},{"id":92459404,"identity":"0bd9b744-fd80-4d67-9394-55e5d195f968","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:15:29","extension":"png","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":12199,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/2071f959fb7f8d4177fd21e0.png"},{"id":92458524,"identity":"f51b1795-2891-4e1c-9b19-10f4ed02b75f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"png","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":42558,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/e868bf0a46f1a48fa992037f.png"},{"id":92458533,"identity":"4e113d4f-b638-4463-b7e2-80d05f0d15df","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"png","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":14261,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/67541625146b74e481f52c2c.png"},{"id":92458530,"identity":"e4a82ea4-1c3d-49f5-b316-282dd3c27dea","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"png","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":447446,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/e4293dbfbd8dc5be5db4f5d1.png"},{"id":92458528,"identity":"a67703c3-18bc-4685-953e-9b95443e9ccd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"xml","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":155527,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"0ecdfd2806d84c0dabd34b49f5df66ac1structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/204632798c500604b2a6d73b.xml"},{"id":92458536,"identity":"c4ea1270-5b40-4c05-a85e-f25a79c1bed4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 03:07:29","extension":"html","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":170348,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1/1c2a4a8592524845020e6365.html"},{"id":105034002,"identity":"403a5f22-9b8a-48f2-b06d-4c984abef722","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-20 07:22:24","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1178022,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Naseemetal.JPEPT.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7592988/v1_covered_a9d07fb5-d9f4-4af8-a1bf-136ee59282de.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Seismic attributes and impedance simulations image lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary systems, Indus Basin","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Shoreface depositional system, hydrocarbon-bearing lenses, model-based and linear programming sparse spike seismic inversions, gas-bearing aggradational parasequences, seismic reflection configurations","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7592988/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7592988/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe upper shoreface depositional systems (UDSE) of deltaic depositional sequences form excellent stratigraphic traps for petroleum exploration that are developed during falling seas and slow rise. They have thin-bedded (hydrocarbon-bearing) sandstone lenses, which complete a depositional sequence. However, they are constrained by the full-spectrum seismic amplitude profiles (FAP) to quantify them for average porosity (Pavg), hydrocarbon saturation (SH), water saturation (Sw), effective porosity (Peff), acoustic impedances [AI] [g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e*m/s] for lithology contrasts, controls on the fluid migrations (both vertical and lateral), and hence, to discriminate the types of reservoir facies inside the diversified parasequences. Therefore, this study is intended to execute the petrophysical modelling (PM) and MBBI tools on a gas field in Central Indus, Pakistan. The conventional seismic amplitude could not predict the presence of any fractured zones, which eventually failed to implicate the controls on the vertical/ lateral facies and fluid. The PM predicts 15% Pavg, 14% Peff, 37% Sw, and 63%. The MBBI using a broadband frequency bandwidth spectrum of 12-43-Hz and a\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;36-Hz tuned-frequency have improved quantification and enhancement of S/R for UDSE. The MBBI has accurately predicted the AI of 7828 [g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e*m/s] for thin-bedded (gas-bearing) aggradational parasequences with parallel seismic reflection configurations of fluvial-dominated point bars-sourced sedimentary influxes for UDSE, ~\u0026thinsp;10550 [g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e*m/s] for transgressive top sealing, progradational, ~\u0026thinsp;12520 [g/ cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e*m/s] for bottom sealing parasequences, and 9300\u0026ndash;12220 [g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e*m/s] for lateral retrogradational parasequences, which implicates the standstill and moderate-to-high rising sea-levels. The east-west fluctuating AI from ~\u0026thinsp;7800\u0026ndash;9800 [g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e*m/s] implies the lateral facies-controlled gas migrations.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Seismic attributes and impedance simulations image lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary systems, Indus Basin","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-30 03:07:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7592988/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"7571694f-7233-4652-8844-009584c903d1","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 30th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-18T06:26:06+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-30 03:07:24","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7592988","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7592988","identity":"rs-7592988","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}