Suicidal Ideation and Self-Destructive Behavior in Vietnamese Adolescents and Young Adults with Psychiatric Disorders

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The aim of this study was to identify at-risk youth related to suicidal ideation and self-destructive behavior in adolescents and young adult psychiatric patients. Methods This study included 101 participants aged 15 to 24 receiving inpatient treatment at the Institute of Mental Health, Bach Mai Hospital, Vietnam between August 2021 and June 2022. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale was used to assess suicidal ideation and behaviors. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between risk factors and suicide ideation and self-destructive behavior. Results The prevalence of current ideation and self-destructive were 54.5% and 36.6%, respectively. The study suggests females had a higher OR of current suicidal ideation and self-destructive behavior than males (all p-values < 0.05). The results showed that a personal history of attempted suicide and current mental stress increased the odds of current suicidal ideation and self-destructive behavior (p < 0.05). Additionally, in the 15-19-year-old group, childhood traumas had a higher OR of self-destructive behavior (p-value = 0.029). In the 20-24-year-old group, treatment adherence had a lower OR of current suicidal ideation (p-value = 0.03). Conclusions This study suggested that gender, history of suicide attempts, and current mental stress were significantly associated with suicidal ideation and self-destructive behavior in adolescents and young adult psychiatric patients. Paying more attention to young patients with a history of attempted suicide and current mental stress, especially females, to prevent suicidal ideation and self-destructive behavior is needed. Self-destructive behavior suicidal ideation adolescents young adults mental health psychiatric patients Vietnamese INTRODUCTION According to WHO data in 2014, suicide accounts for 17.6% of all deaths among people aged 15 to 29 years in high-income countries and is the leading cause of death among people in this age group. Worldwide, 8.5% of youth deaths are due to suicide [ 1 ] and the increasing rate of suicidal behavior among children and adolescents is an issue that is attracting the attention of researchers [ 2 – 4 ]. Suicide trends among adolescents, especially those aged 15 to 24, are due to changes in the environment from school to work, from living with family to living alone [ 5 ]. Many people consider and attempt suicide during their teenage years, with suicidal thoughts and attempts often occurring as early as the early 20s. [ 6 ]. According to a study by Nock et al. [ 7 ], it is estimated that 12.1% of US adolescents have suicidal ideation, 4.0% have made a suicide plan, and 4.1% have attempted suicide. Suicidal ideation rarely appears before age 10 (less than 1%), then increases slowly until the age of 12, and then increases more rapidly between ages 12 and 17. Up to 88.4% of adolescents have made the transition from suicidal planning to actual suicide execution within the first year of planning [ 7 ]. Suicidal thoughts and behaviours are prevalent among adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries, particularly in the African and the western Pacific regions, and particularly among girls and adolescents. The result suggested that suicidal thoughts and behaviours are prevalent among adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries, particularly in the African and the western Pacific regions, and particularly among girls and adolescents aged 15–17 years [ 8 ]. In Vietnam, according to a study [ 9 ] of 661 high school students (aged from 16 to 18) about suicidal behavior in the past 12 months, the results showed that 14.2% of people had suicidal thoughts. Among these students, 38.3% had also planned to commit suicide, and 21.1% had attempted suicide. Another study conducted on subjects from 12 to 15 years old found that school-related violence was a risk factor for suicide [ 10 ]. Studies have shown several risk factors that are thought to be associated with suicidal behavior in adolescents, including gender [ 7 ], childhood traumas [ 11 ], bullying [ 12 ], sleep disturbances [ 13 , 14 ] and psychiatric factors [ 15 ]. In contrast, protective factors are those that reduce suicide mortality, including building a meaningful, healthy life, increased interaction between family members [ 16 – 17 ], and religious beliefs [ 18 ]. With suicide prevention, providers, including pediatricians, primary care providers, and mental health professionals, have significant opportunities to engage in youth suicide prevention. In addition to the fundamental responsibilities of diagnosing and treating mental health disorders, healthcare professionals could fulfill multiple roles. The roles include clinical responsibilities, patient and community advocacy, research, and education. The provider may hold clinical responsibilities for an individual patient, a broader community, or both. Providers can significantly contribute to suicide prevention by identifying and utilizing the most effective evidence-based assessment tools and practice models. Additionally, clinical settings can identify at-risk youths by implementing screening tools, such as the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) or the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). When a youth screen was positive, appropriate follow-up actions may include initiating treatment by the clinician or referring the individual to a behavioral health provider [ 19 ]. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify at-risk youth based on the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) related to suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adult psychiatric patients. Suicide not only affects an individual but also causes significant psychological repercussions on family members and society in general. Consequently, suicide has emerged as a significant concern that warrants our serious attention, particularly as it predominantly affects young adolescents aged 15 to 24, a demographic considered the "golden population" of society. Nonetheless, in Vietnam, there exists a limited number of research on suicide among the entire Vietnamese population, with even fewer focusing specifically on adolescents aged 15 to 24. At the same time, our study conducted statistical analyses to identify higher risk factors that increase the incidence of suicidal ideation and self-destructive behavior in this group of subjects to have early intervention and treatment measures. METHODS AND MATERIALS Study Participants The study was conducted on 101 subjects aged 15 to 24 who were receiving inpatient treatment at the Institute of Mental Health, Bach Mai Hospital, between August 2021 and June 2022. Exclusion criteria included subjects with severe physical illnesses (traumatic brain injury, encephalitis, etc.), subjects with disorders affecting communication and reading comprehension, and subjects with suicidal behavior driven by delusions and hallucinations. Participants exhibiting suicidal behavior or psychotic symptoms were excluded from the study due to ethical considerations and the need for specialized clinical care. Including individuals with acute psychological conditions could have posed significant risks and potentially interfered with their standard treatment. Moreover, their inclusion might have introduced confounding factors, making it difficult to interpret the study outcomes accurately.The required sample size for the expected prevalence of suicide and had mental disorders was 70% which was the rate of patients who committed suicide and had mental disorders, age group from 15 to 24 years old, according to the cross-sectional study of Kelly Houston (2001) [ 20 ] ± 10% error with a 95% confidence interval. The sample was collected by convenience sampling. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hanoi Medical University and Bach Mai Hospital (approval number 1793/QĐ-DHYHN) and conducted according to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki [ 43 ]. The consent form including information about the type of research and objectives of the study, was written by patients and their parents. The participants could withdraw from the interview at any time, and this did not affect their continuation of health care services. Confidentiality and anonymity were assured, participation was on a voluntary basis, and participants did not receive any payment. Potential factor assessment At the time of enrollment, self-administered questionnaires were asked comprehensive questions about demographics, educational and professional background (binary, under 12 years and over 12 years), family income (categorical; low, moderate and high), history of psychological disorders binary, yes and no), adherence to treatment (binary, yes and no), personal history of attempted suicide (binary, yes and no), and history of violence/abuse (categorical; childhood traumas, domestic violence, school-related violence, verbal abuse and sexual abuse) and current mental stress (binary, yes and no). Diagnosis of psychological disorders The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders was used to diagnose psychological disorders, including disorders of adaptation (F43.2), behavioral disorder depression (F92.0), mixed emotional-behavioral disorder (F92.8), bipolar affective disorder (F31), depression (F32), depression relapse (F33), schizoaffective disorder (F25), dissociative disorder (F40), acute stress disorder (F44), and phobic anxiety disorder (F23) [ 21 ]. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale was used to assess suicidal ideation and behaviors [ 22 ]. Four constructs are assessed. The initial construct, termed the "severity subscale," evaluates the intensity of ideation on a 5-point ordinal scale: 1 signifies a desire for death, 2 denotes nonspecific active suicidal thoughts, 3 reflects suicidal thoughts accompanied by methods, 4 represents suicidal intent, and 5 indicates suicidal intent with a formulated plan. The second component is the intensity of the ideation subscale (subsequently termed the “intensity subscale”), consisting of 5 items, each evaluated on a 5-point ordinal scale: frequency, duration, controllability, deterrents, and rationale for ideation. The third subscale pertains to behavior, assessed using a nominal scale that comprises actual, aborted, and interrupted attempts; preparatory actions; and nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior. The fourth lethality subscale assesses actual attempts utilizing a 6-point ordinal scale for actual lethality and a 3-point ordinal scale for potential lethality when actual lethality is zero. The C-SSRS employs several evaluation intervals, which have been considered more reliable indicators of future suicide risk than present ideation. In this study, the Cronbach’s alpha of this scale was 0.916 for over all. The alpha ranged from 0.885 (severity subscale) to 0.935 (subscale pertains to behavior). Statistical analyses We examined basic descriptive statistics in total participants. Continuous variables were performed as means ± standard deviation (SD). Categorical variables were represented as numerical values (percentages). Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between risk factors including gender, history of violence/abuse, childhood traumas, domestic violence, history of psychological disorders, adherence to treatment, personal history of attempted suicide, current mental stress, and suicide ideation and self-destructive behavior. We already run the Hosmer and Lemeshow Test to check the model fit. The p value > 0.05 suggests the model is suitable for general logistic analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software 29.0 (SPSS, Inc.). All statistical tests were based on two-sided probabilities. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT Characteristics of participants Table 1 shows the characteristics of participants. The proportion of subjects suffering from mental stress, suicidal ideation, and self-destructive behavior was 24.8%, 54.5%, and 36.6%, respectively. Detaily, in our study, the number of females tended to be higher than males and the average age of the study subjects was 18.6 years. The group aged 15–19 tends to be higher than the group aged 20–24. Regarding psychiatric diagnoses, mixed emotional-behavioral disorder was the most frequently diagnosed, followed by behavioral disorder depression (17.8%), depression (12.9%), phobic anxiety disorder (10.9%), disorder of adaptation, and depression relapse with similar rates (8.9%). Regarding the medical history of the study subjects, 29.7% of subjects had been diagnosed with psychological disorders, and 23.8% had treatment adherence. The proportion of subjects with a history of attempted suicide was 47.5%. Regarding the history of violence or abuse, childhood traumas accounted for the highest rate (36.7%), followed by domestic violence (11%), school-related violence (10%), sexual abuse (6%), and verbal abuse accounting for 2%. Factors Associated with Current Suicide Ideation Table 2 performed the OR (95% CI) risk factors and current suicidal ideation. The results showed that ORs of factors such as being female, having a history of attempted suicide, and currently mental stress and suicidal ideation were 3.01 ( p- value = 0.012 ) , 4.44 ( p- value < 0.001 ) , and 7.77 ( p- value < 0.00 ) , respectively. Specifically, in the age group 15–19, the OR of females and suicidal ideation was 4.71 ( p- value = 0.011). The OR of a history of attempted suicide and suicidal ideation was 4.24 ( p- value = 0.008). The OR of current mental stress and suicidal ideation was 3.95 ( p- value = 0.038). In the age group 20–24, the OR of a history of attempted suicide and suicidal ideation was 4.8 ( p- value = 0.026). The OR of current mental stress and suicidal ideation was 2.85 ( p- value = 0.003). The OR of adherence to treatment and suicidal ideation was 0.12 ( p- value = 0.03). Factors Associated with Self-Destructive Behavior Table 3 performed the OR (95% CI) risk factors and self-destructive behavior. The results showed that ORs of factors such as being female, having a history of violence or abuse, having a history of attempted suicide, and currently mental stress and self-destructive behavior were 4.98 ( p- value = 0.003 ) , 2.53 ( p- value < 0.03), 3.71 ( p- value < 0.001 ) , and 9.82 ( p- value < 0.001 ) , respectively. Specifically, in the age group 15–19, the OR of females and self-destructive behavior was 6.25 ( p- value = 0.009). The OR of childhood traumas and self-destructive behavior was 3.63 ( p- value = 0.029). The OR of a history of attempted suicide and self-destructive behavior was 2.96 ( p- value = 0.039). The OR of current mental stress and self-destructive behavior was 6.78 ( p- value = 0.019). In the age group 20–24, the OR of a history of attempted suicide and self-destructive behavior was 13.09 ( p- value = 0.023). The OR of current mental stress and self-destructive behavior was 6.9 ( p- value = 0.033). DISCUSSION Our study showed that in adolescents and young adults aged 15–24 years, the occurrence of suicidal ideation was statistically significantly associated with gender, history of suicide attempts, and current mental stress. At the same time, self-destructive behavior was related to gender, history of violence or abuse, history of suicide attempts, and current mental stress. The results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant higher prevalence of both current suicidal ideation and behavior in females compared to males, especially evident in the 15–19 age group. This result is similar to the study of Cha et al. [ 11 ], however, within the limits of the study, we did not assess the suicide mortality rate in these study subjects. According to the WHO report in 2016, suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15- to 19-year-old girls and the third leading cause of death among boys [ 23 ]. In the study by Wunderlich et al. [ 24 ] on 3021 patients aged 14 to 24, the frequency of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts was significantly higher in the group of female patients, especially with a statistically significant difference in the group of patients aged 14 to 21. The same observation was reported in many countries such as Korea [ 25 ], Germany [ 26 ], India [ 27 ] and China [ 28 ]. Thus, our study is similar to some other studies in the world on female gender as a factor related to the suicidal behavior of patients. The difference might be caused by females, especially in adolescents, who are more likely to experience internalizing disorders like depression and anxiety, which are strongly linked to suicidal thoughts and attempts. In fact, Li et al [ 29 ] reported that depressive disorder has 30 times increased risk of suicide, and comorbidity of anxiety disorder may illustrate a summative effect on suicide risk. Another reason might be depressive symptoms during the post-pubertal period [ 30 ]. In addition, the results of our study also suggested a significant association between a history of suicide attempts and suicidal behavior in the current stage. The results showed that a history of suicide attempts increased the risk of current suicidal ideation and behavior compared to the group of subjects without a history of suicide attempts. In Lofthouse et al.'s study [ 31 ], transient suicidal ideation was 3 times and 7 times higher in adolescents with infrequent and recurrent self-destructive behavior, respectively. Similarly, those reporting frequent suicidal ideation had a history of infrequent and recurrent self-destructive behavior that was 2 times and 18 times higher, respectively. A history of suicide attempts has also increased the risk of self-destructive behavior. Toprak et al. [ 32 ] also made similar observations regarding the association between self-destructive behavior and suicide attempts in adolescents. Thus, a history of self-destructive behavior in adolescents has been confirmed as a risk factor for suicidal behavior in studies by several authors around the world and in our study. RK Roberts et al reported the strong association between a history of suicide attempts, current ideation, and current depression suggests that a past suicide attempt in adolescents occurs in the context of other signs of psychopathology [ 33 ]. Self-destructive behaviors are becoming increasingly common among young people during a vulnerable developmental period when individuals face major life changes (work, family, relationships, etc.), leading to stress in dealing with these issues. Self-destructive behaviors may be a way to temporarily release negative, distressing emotions, to punish oneself, or to gain attention from others, but the long-term consequences of this behavior are very negative [ 34 ]. Therefore, it is necessary to detect early and promptly prevent self-destructive behaviors to avoid serious physical and mental consequences for the patient, especially leading to suicidal behaviors that endanger life. Our study also showed associations between current mental stress and suicidal ideation and self-destructive behavior. In a recent review, stressors, such as acute life events, chronic hardship, and trauma, were consistently associated with suicidal ideation in adolescents and adults [ 35 ]. Another study by Miller et al. [ 36 ] also showed that stressful events are factors that increase the risk of suicide in a group of adolescent girls. This result is similar to the study on Chinese college students; stressful life events and a lack of coping skills are important risk factors for suicidal behavior in this group, especially academic stress and conflicts with friends [ 37 ]. Therefore, psychological trauma is a factor leading to self-destructive behavior, which has been confirmed in our study as well as the studies of other authors around the world. In our study, the group of stress related to studying is the most common stress, followed by family conflicts and school violence. This is consistent with Eastern culture, which values education and exam results, so academic pressure is always a common pressure for patients of this school-going age. Families in Vietnam in particular and the East in general are also more closely connected and interactive than families in the West, focusing on emotional and moral education; parents always teach their children to respect the elderly and obey management; many generations live together in one family; the role of women is not really promoted; ... Therefore, it is easy for many conflicts to occur between members, leading to reporting family conflicts, which is also one of the common pressures on the subjects. School-related conflicts with friends are also often mentioned. Students often live on university campuses and share dormitories with many other students. Due to limited private space, conflicts with classmates or roommates can arise and even persist or escalate over time. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and sympathize with the stressful pressures, especially the family and close friends of the patient, to reduce stress, make the patient feel comfortable mentally, and reduce negative thoughts. This study had several limitations. First, due to the cross-sectional nature of the study, the factors are not considered causally responsible. Second, this study did not take socioeconomic status into account. Previous research suggests a link between a lower socioeconomic status and an increased risk of present stress and mental health issues [ 38 , 39 ]. Third, we did not evaluate the sleep duration and quality of participants. Previous studies suggest a significant correlation between sleep and suicidal ideas and behaviors [ 40 – 42 ]. Fourth, the limited sample size consequently restricts the evaluation of associations. The study was conducted only at the Institute of Mental Health, Bach Mai Hospital; therefore, the findings might not be generalized to other populations. Finally, because of the observational nature of our data, we have endeavored to address confounding; nonetheless, we recognize that inadequate correction may still lead to residual confounding. Future research should prioritize longitudinal designs, include measures of SES and sleep, recruit larger and more diverse samples, and employ robust methods to control for confounding. By addressing these limitations, future studies can provide a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the factors influencing the outcomes of interest. CONCLUSION This study suggested that gender, history of suicide attempts, and current mental stress were significantly associated with suicidal behavior and self-destructive behavior in adolescents and young adults. Paying more attention to young patients with a history of attempted suicide and current mental stress, especially females, to prevent suicidal behaviors is needed. More detail, intervention strategies should be tailored by gender, provide specialized support such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for those with a history of attempts, and prioritize stress reduction techniques like mindfulness and accessible mental health services. Although the current study has some limitations, aware of that, our future research will apply solutions to overcome those limitations and provide further insight into this issue. Declarations Data Availability Statement: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Acknowledgments: The authors thank the study participants and our colleagues for completing the survey for this study. Author contributions : TTYD, NNT, TATN: Conceptualization. VLT, VTP: Methodology, Software. VHN, MHT, TTP, LTLH, DKD: Data curation. TTYD, NNT: Writing—Original draft preparation. NNT, TTC, THN: visualization, investigation, supervision. VHN, TATN: Software, Validation. TTYD, NNT: Writing, Reviewing, and Editing. All these authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Financial support: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Ethics declarations: Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hanoi Medical University and Bach Mai Hospital (approval number 1793/QĐ-DHYHN) and conducted according to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki [43]. The consent form including information about the type of research and objectives of the study, was written by patients and their parents. 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Socioeconomic status, stressful life situations and mental health problems in children and adolescents: Results of the German BELLA cohort-study. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0213700 Businelle MS, Mills BA, Chartier KG, Kendzor DE, Reingle JM, Shuval K. Do stressful events account for the link between socioeconomic status and mental health?. J Public Health (Oxf). 2014;36(2):205–212 Russell, K., Allan, S., Beattie, L., Bohan, J., MacMahon, K., & Rasmussen, S. Sleep problem, suicide and self-harm in university students: A systematic review. Sleep medicine reviews 44 (2019): 58–69. Zhang, N., Yao, Y., Li, L., Sun, M., Zhou, B., Fu, H., … Jiang, W. Deprivation-related adverse childhood experiences and cognitive function among older adults: Mediating role of depression symptoms. Child Abuse & Neglect 158 (2024): 107088. Becker SP, Dvorsky MR, Holdaway AS, Luebbe AM. Sleep problems and suicidal behaviors in college students. J Psychiatr Res. 2018; 99:122–128. World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013; 310(20), 2191–2194. Tables Table 1. Characteristic of participants Total (n=101) Age (year) ¶ 18.6 ± 2.80 Age group ‡ 15-19 63 ( 62.4 ) 20-24 38 ( 37.6 ) Sex ‡ Male 33 ( 32.7 ) Female 68 ( 67.3 ) Address ‡ Urban 45 ( 44.6 ) Rural 56 ( 55.4 ) Psychiatric diagnosis ‡ Disorder of adaptation (F43.2) 9 ( 8.9 ) Behavioural disorder depression (F92.0) 18 ( 17.8 ) Mixed emotional-behavioral disorder (F92.8) 25 ( 24.8 ) Bipolar affective disorder (F31) 7 ( 6.9 ) Depression (F32) 13 ( 12.9 ) Depression Relapse (F33) 9 ( 8.9 ) Schizoaffective Disorder (F25) 7 ( 6.9 ) Dissociative disorder (F40) 1 ( 1.0 ) Acute stress disorder (F44) 1 ( 1.0 ) Phobic anxiety disorder (F23) 11 ( 10.9 ) Education level ‡ 12 year 32 ( 31.7 ) Family income ‡ Low 6 ( 5.9 ) Moderate 80 ( 79.2 ) High 15 ( 14.9 ) History of psychological disorders ‡ Yes 30 ( 29.7 ) No 71 ( 70.3 ) Adherence to treatment ‡ Yes 24 ( 23.8 ) No 77 ( 76.2 ) Personal history of attempted suicide ‡ Yes 48 ( 47.5 ) No 53 ( 52.5 ) History of psychological trauma ‡ Yes 30 ( 29.7 ) No 71 ( 70.3 ) History of violence/abuse ‡ Childhood traumas 30 ( 29.7 ) Domestic violence 11 ( 10.9 ) School-Related Violence 10 ( 9.9 ) Verbal Abuse 2 ( 2.0 ) Sexual abuse 6 ( 5.9 ) Current mental stress ‡ Yes 25 ( 24.8 ) No 76 ( 75.2 ) Current suicidal ideation ‡ Yes 55 ( 54.5 ) No 46 ( 45.5 ) Self-destructive behavior ‡ Yes 37 ( 36.6 ) No 46 ( 45.5 ) ¶ Mean (standard deviation) ‡ Numerical values (percentages,%). Table 2. Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Interval of Various Factors Associated with Current Suicidal Ideation ‡ Total (n=101) 15-19 (n=63) 20-24 (n=38) OR 95% CI p-value OR 95% CI p-value OR 95% CI p-value Sex 0.012 0.011 0.391 Male 1.00 1.00 1.00 Female 3.01 1.27 7.14 4.71 1.42 15.62 1.78 0.48 6.62 History of violence/abuse 0.479 0.859 0.362 No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 0.74 0.34 1.65 0.91 0.34 2.47 0.55 0.15 2.00 Childhood traumas 0.559 0.473 0.072 No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 0.78 0.33 1.82 1.50 0.49 4.58 0.27 0.06 1.13 Domestic violence 0.519 0.606 0.682 No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 1.53 0.42 5.60 1.49 0.33 6.87 1.68 0.14 20.33 History of psychological disorders 0.246 0.040 0.458 No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 1.70 0.70 4.03 3.03 1.08 9.32 0.57 0.13 2.55 Adherence to treatment 0.662 0.07 0.030 No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 1.23 0.49 3.11 1.97 0.91 9.73 0.12 0.01 0.95 Personal history of attempted suicide <0.001 0.008 0.026 No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 4.44 1.91 10.34 4.24 1.46 12.34 4.80 1.20 19.13 Current mental stress <0.001 0.038 0.003 No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 7.70 2.59 22.85 3.95 1.08 14.40 2.85 1.08 26.50 Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and p-value. Table 3. Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Interval of Various Factors Associated with Self-Destructive behaviors ‡ Total (n=101) 15-19 (n=63) 20-24 (n-38) OR 95% CI p-value OR 95% CI p-value OR 95% CI p-value Sex 0.003 0.009 0.237 Male 1.00 1.00 1.00 Female 4.98 1.72 14.43 6.25 1.59 24.65 2.84 0.50 16.10 History of violence/abuse 0.03 0.144 0.140 No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 2.53 1.10 5.85 2.14 0.77 5.93 3.27 0.68 15.82 Childhood traumas 0.176 0.029 0.093 No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 1.83 0.76 4.37 3.63 1.14 11.50 1.54 0.95 3.12 Domestic violence 0.200 0.075 0.054 No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 2.28 0.65 8.08 1.29 0.93 5.70 8.00 0.63 10.37 History of psychological disorders 0.176 0.372 0.440 No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 1.83 0.76 4.37 1.62 0.56 4.65 1.92 0.37 10.00 Adherence to treatment 0.558 0.575 0.662 No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 1.32 0.52 3.38 1.37 0.46 4.10 0.60 0.06 5.93 Personal history of attempted suicide 0.003 0.039 0.023 No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 3.71 1.58 8.75 2.96 1.06 8.30 13.09 1.44 19.34 Current mental stress <0.001 0.019 0.033 No 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 9.82 2.16 4.60 6.78 1.37 33.55 6.90 1.17 40.98 Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and p-value. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 09 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 06 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 04 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 04 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 03 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5640983","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":439116543,"identity":"4a7d219c-4a80-458b-85db-319b984805bc","order_by":0,"name":"Thi To Uyen Duong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hanoi Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Thi","middleName":"To Uyen","lastName":"Duong","suffix":""},{"id":439116544,"identity":"81ea66cf-1946-4fe9-ab2e-9e2047d17c83","order_by":1,"name":"Nguyen Ngoc Tran","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYAgAmwQwxYNHCbpcGulaDhPWYi99+Nnjgl+HE/ulew+/+FBzPk93RgLjg7dtDInbcdnCl2ZuPLPvcOLMOefSLGccu11sdiOB2XAuUMvOBhxaeBjMpHl7DiduuJFjZszbcDtx240ENmneNgZjgwO4tLB/A2vZD9FyDqSF/Td+LTxm0jw/gLZI5Bg/5m04ALaFGahFDqeWMzxl0rwN6cYzgLYwzjiWnLjtzMNmyTnnJHBqYe9h3ybN88datn9GjvGHDzV2iduOJx/88KbMhgeXFjBgbGNwbGBgYJOAcoFsBgk86kHgD4M9kGT+QEDZKBgFo2AUjFAAAGLxXXGSDS7fAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Hanoi Medical University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nguyen","middleName":"Ngoc","lastName":"Tran","suffix":""},{"id":439116545,"identity":"6e3db1fa-7e54-4556-b305-7cbda6b06654","order_by":2,"name":"Thi Anh Thoa Nguyen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Vietnam National Children’s Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Thi","middleName":"Anh Thoa","lastName":"Nguyen","suffix":""},{"id":439116546,"identity":"156f101d-28ab-40c4-9438-29118d7b8820","order_by":3,"name":"Van Hai Nguyen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Institute of Mental Health, Bach Mai Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Van","middleName":"Hai","lastName":"Nguyen","suffix":""},{"id":439116547,"identity":"4ce39ce4-ab3b-47a4-9f49-93fc436aa65a","order_by":4,"name":"Lam Vu Tran","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hanoi Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lam","middleName":"Vu","lastName":"Tran","suffix":""},{"id":439116548,"identity":"2a31cf25-6a59-481f-874b-1410cc7cb860","order_by":5,"name":"Van Thich Pham","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Psychiatric Hospital no 1","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Van","middleName":"Thich","lastName":"Pham","suffix":""},{"id":439116549,"identity":"cb43ec38-c850-4bbe-a33f-a31b8b0da5cb","order_by":6,"name":"Thu Ha Nguyen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Geriatric Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Thu","middleName":"Ha","lastName":"Nguyen","suffix":""},{"id":439116550,"identity":"6c069002-9354-47e1-8c20-2943e9710fbc","order_by":7,"name":"Thi Thu Cao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hanoi Children’s Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Thi","middleName":"Thu","lastName":"Cao","suffix":""},{"id":439116551,"identity":"04991222-57b7-431c-b5e2-4725e8aec6b2","order_by":8,"name":"My Ha Tran","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hanoi Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"My","middleName":"Ha","lastName":"Tran","suffix":""},{"id":439116552,"identity":"c5197ee6-7d38-47e5-b8b0-72de2a378229","order_by":9,"name":"Thanh Tung Pham","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hanoi Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Thanh","middleName":"Tung","lastName":"Pham","suffix":""},{"id":439116553,"identity":"65d947a6-c96d-4f3a-8c34-b5a273858714","order_by":10,"name":"Le Tuan Linh Hoang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hanoi Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Le","middleName":"Tuan Linh","lastName":"Hoang","suffix":""},{"id":439116555,"identity":"10876dec-2e46-4bf4-ba8e-1735aa642b03","order_by":11,"name":"Danh Khai Duong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hanoi Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Danh","middleName":"Khai","lastName":"Duong","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-12-14 01:38:07","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5640983/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5640983/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":80021498,"identity":"27f8cf47-6ce9-44ef-98c6-54e76cfc233c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-07 05:03:32","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1104041,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5640983/v1/84d0f39d-9bc2-4b5f-b38c-1914bdff456a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Suicidal Ideation and Self-Destructive Behavior in Vietnamese Adolescents and Young Adults with Psychiatric Disorders","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to WHO data in 2014, suicide accounts for 17.6% of all deaths among people aged 15 to 29 years in high-income countries and is the leading cause of death among people in this age group. Worldwide, 8.5% of youth deaths are due to suicide [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e] and the increasing rate of suicidal behavior among children and adolescents is an issue that is attracting the attention of researchers [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR3\" citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Suicide trends among adolescents, especially those aged 15 to 24, are due to changes in the environment from school to work, from living with family to living alone [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Many people consider and attempt suicide during their teenage years, with suicidal thoughts and attempts often occurring as early as the early 20s. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. According to a study by Nock et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e], it is estimated that 12.1% of US adolescents have suicidal ideation, 4.0% have made a suicide plan, and 4.1% have attempted suicide. Suicidal ideation rarely appears before age 10 (less than 1%), then increases slowly until the age of 12, and then increases more rapidly between ages 12 and 17. Up to 88.4% of adolescents have made the transition from suicidal planning to actual suicide execution within the first year of planning [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Suicidal thoughts and behaviours are prevalent among adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries, particularly in the African and the western Pacific regions, and particularly among girls and adolescents. The result suggested that suicidal thoughts and behaviours are prevalent among adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries, particularly in the African and the western Pacific regions, and particularly among girls and adolescents aged 15\u0026ndash;17 years [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. In Vietnam, according to a study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e] of 661 high school students (aged from 16 to 18) about suicidal behavior in the past 12 months, the results showed that 14.2% of people had suicidal thoughts. Among these students, 38.3% had also planned to commit suicide, and 21.1% had attempted suicide. Another study conducted on subjects from 12 to 15 years old found that school-related violence was a risk factor for suicide [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Studies have shown several risk factors that are thought to be associated with suicidal behavior in adolescents, including gender [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e], childhood traumas [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e], bullying [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e], sleep disturbances [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e] and psychiatric factors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. In contrast, protective factors are those that reduce suicide mortality, including building a meaningful, healthy life, increased interaction between family members [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e], and religious beliefs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith suicide prevention, providers, including pediatricians, primary care providers, and mental health professionals, have significant opportunities to engage in youth suicide prevention. In addition to the fundamental responsibilities of diagnosing and treating mental health disorders, healthcare professionals could fulfill multiple roles. The roles include clinical responsibilities, patient and community advocacy, research, and education. The provider may hold clinical responsibilities for an individual patient, a broader community, or both. Providers can significantly contribute to suicide prevention by identifying and utilizing the most effective evidence-based assessment tools and practice models. Additionally, clinical settings can identify at-risk youths by implementing screening tools, such as the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) or the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). When a youth screen was positive, appropriate follow-up actions may include initiating treatment by the clinician or referring the individual to a behavioral health provider [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify at-risk youth based on the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) related to suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adult psychiatric patients. Suicide not only affects an individual but also causes significant psychological repercussions on family members and society in general. Consequently, suicide has emerged as a significant concern that warrants our serious attention, particularly as it predominantly affects young adolescents aged 15 to 24, a demographic considered the \"golden population\" of society. Nonetheless, in Vietnam, there exists a limited number of research on suicide among the entire Vietnamese population, with even fewer focusing specifically on adolescents aged 15 to 24. At the same time, our study conducted statistical analyses to identify higher risk factors that increase the incidence of suicidal ideation and self-destructive behavior in this group of subjects to have early intervention and treatment measures.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"METHODS AND MATERIALS","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Participants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted on 101 subjects aged 15 to 24 who were receiving inpatient treatment at the Institute of Mental Health, Bach Mai Hospital, between August 2021 and June 2022. Exclusion criteria included subjects with severe physical illnesses (traumatic brain injury, encephalitis, etc.), subjects with disorders affecting communication and reading comprehension, and subjects with suicidal behavior driven by delusions and hallucinations. Participants exhibiting suicidal behavior or psychotic symptoms were excluded from the study due to ethical considerations and the need for specialized clinical care. Including individuals with acute psychological conditions could have posed significant risks and potentially interfered with their standard treatment. Moreover, their inclusion might have introduced confounding factors, making it difficult to interpret the study outcomes accurately.The required sample size for the expected prevalence of suicide and had mental disorders was 70% which was the rate of patients who committed suicide and had mental disorders, age group from 15 to 24 years old, according to the cross-sectional study of Kelly Houston (2001) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10% error with a 95% confidence interval. The sample was collected by convenience sampling.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hanoi Medical University and Bach Mai Hospital (approval number 1793/QĐ-DHYHN) and conducted according to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e]. The consent form including information about the type of research and objectives of the study, was written by patients and their parents. The participants could withdraw from the interview at any time, and this did not affect their continuation of health care services. Confidentiality and anonymity were assured, participation was on a voluntary basis, and participants did not receive any payment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePotential factor assessment\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt the time of enrollment, self-administered questionnaires were asked comprehensive questions about demographics, educational and professional background (binary, under 12 years and over 12 years), family income (categorical; low, moderate and high), history of psychological disorders binary, yes and no), adherence to treatment (binary, yes and no), personal history of attempted suicide (binary, yes and no), and history of violence/abuse (categorical; childhood traumas, domestic violence, school-related violence, verbal abuse and sexual abuse) and current mental stress (binary, yes and no).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDiagnosis of psychological disorders\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders was used to diagnose psychological disorders, including disorders of adaptation (F43.2), behavioral disorder depression (F92.0), mixed emotional-behavioral disorder (F92.8), bipolar affective disorder (F31), depression (F32), depression relapse (F33), schizoaffective disorder (F25), dissociative disorder (F40), acute stress disorder (F44), and phobic anxiety disorder (F23) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale was used to assess suicidal ideation and behaviors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Four constructs are assessed. The initial construct, termed the \"severity subscale,\" evaluates the intensity of ideation on a 5-point ordinal scale: 1 signifies a desire for death, 2 denotes nonspecific active suicidal thoughts, 3 reflects suicidal thoughts accompanied by methods, 4 represents suicidal intent, and 5 indicates suicidal intent with a formulated plan. The second component is the intensity of the ideation subscale (subsequently termed the \u0026ldquo;intensity subscale\u0026rdquo;), consisting of 5 items, each evaluated on a 5-point ordinal scale: frequency, duration, controllability, deterrents, and rationale for ideation. The third subscale pertains to behavior, assessed using a nominal scale that comprises actual, aborted, and interrupted attempts; preparatory actions; and nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior. The fourth lethality subscale assesses actual attempts utilizing a 6-point ordinal scale for actual lethality and a 3-point ordinal scale for potential lethality when actual lethality is zero. The C-SSRS employs several evaluation intervals, which have been considered more reliable indicators of future suicide risk than present ideation. In this study, the Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha of this scale was 0.916 for over all. The alpha ranged from 0.885 (severity subscale) to 0.935 (subscale pertains to behavior).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStatistical analyses\u003c/h3\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWe examined basic descriptive statistics in total participants. Continuous variables were performed as means\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviation (SD). Categorical variables were represented as numerical values (percentages). Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between risk factors including gender, history of violence/abuse, childhood traumas, domestic violence, history of psychological disorders, adherence to treatment, personal history of attempted suicide, current mental stress, and suicide ideation and self-destructive behavior. We already run the Hosmer and Lemeshow Test to check the model fit. The p value\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 suggests the model is suitable for general logistic analysis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software 29.0 (SPSS, Inc.). All statistical tests were based on two-sided probabilities. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RESULT","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCharacteristics of participants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;1 shows the characteristics of participants. The proportion of subjects suffering from mental stress, suicidal ideation, and self-destructive behavior was 24.8%, 54.5%, and 36.6%, respectively. Detaily, in our study, the number of females tended to be higher than males and the average age of the study subjects was 18.6 years. The group aged 15\u0026ndash;19 tends to be higher than the group aged 20\u0026ndash;24. Regarding psychiatric diagnoses, mixed emotional-behavioral disorder was the most frequently diagnosed, followed by behavioral disorder depression (17.8%), depression (12.9%), phobic anxiety disorder (10.9%), disorder of adaptation, and depression relapse with similar rates (8.9%). Regarding the medical history of the study subjects, 29.7% of subjects had been diagnosed with psychological disorders, and 23.8% had treatment adherence. The proportion of subjects with a history of attempted suicide was 47.5%. Regarding the history of violence or abuse, childhood traumas accounted for the highest rate (36.7%), followed by domestic violence (11%), school-related violence (10%), sexual abuse (6%), and verbal abuse accounting for 2%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFactors Associated with Current Suicide Ideation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;2 performed the OR (95% CI) risk factors and current suicidal ideation. The results showed that ORs of factors such as being female, having a history of attempted suicide, and currently mental stress and suicidal ideation were 3.01 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.012\u003cem\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e, 4.44 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003cem\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e, and 7.77 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.00\u003cem\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecifically, in the age group 15\u0026ndash;19, the OR of females and suicidal ideation was 4.71 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.011). The OR of a history of attempted suicide and suicidal ideation was 4.24 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.008). The OR of current mental stress and suicidal ideation was 3.95 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.038). In the age group 20\u0026ndash;24, the OR of a history of attempted suicide and suicidal ideation was 4.8 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.026). The OR of current mental stress and suicidal ideation was 2.85 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003). The OR of adherence to treatment and suicidal ideation was 0.12 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.03).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFactors Associated with Self-Destructive Behavior\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;3 performed the OR (95% CI) risk factors and self-destructive behavior. The results showed that ORs of factors such as being female, having a history of violence or abuse, having a history of attempted suicide, and currently mental stress and self-destructive behavior were 4.98 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003\u003cem\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e, 2.53 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.03), 3.71 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003cem\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e, and 9.82 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003cem\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecifically, in the age group 15\u0026ndash;19, the OR of females and self-destructive behavior was 6.25 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.009). The OR of childhood traumas and self-destructive behavior was 3.63 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.029). The OR of a history of attempted suicide and self-destructive behavior was 2.96 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.039). The OR of current mental stress and self-destructive behavior was 6.78 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.019). In the age group 20\u0026ndash;24, the OR of a history of attempted suicide and self-destructive behavior was 13.09 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.023). The OR of current mental stress and self-destructive behavior was 6.9 (\u003cem\u003ep-\u003c/em\u003evalue\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.033).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eOur study showed that in adolescents and young adults aged 15\u0026ndash;24 years, the occurrence of suicidal ideation was statistically significantly associated with gender, history of suicide attempts, and current mental stress. At the same time, self-destructive behavior was related to gender, history of violence or abuse, history of suicide attempts, and current mental stress.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant higher prevalence of both current suicidal ideation and behavior in females compared to males, especially evident in the 15\u0026ndash;19 age group. This result is similar to the study of Cha et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e], however, within the limits of the study, we did not assess the suicide mortality rate in these study subjects. According to the WHO report in 2016, suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15- to 19-year-old girls and the third leading cause of death among boys [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. In the study by Wunderlich et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e] on 3021 patients aged 14 to 24, the frequency of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts was significantly higher in the group of female patients, especially with a statistically significant difference in the group of patients aged 14 to 21. The same observation was reported in many countries such as Korea [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e], Germany [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e], India [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e] and China [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, our study is similar to some other studies in the world on female gender as a factor related to the suicidal behavior of patients. The difference might be caused by females, especially in adolescents, who are more likely to experience internalizing disorders like depression and anxiety, which are strongly linked to suicidal thoughts and attempts. In fact, Li et al [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e] reported that depressive disorder has 30 times increased risk of suicide, and comorbidity of anxiety disorder may illustrate a summative effect on suicide risk. Another reason might be depressive symptoms during the post-pubertal period [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition, the results of our study also suggested a significant association between a history of suicide attempts and suicidal behavior in the current stage. The results showed that a history of suicide attempts increased the risk of current suicidal ideation and behavior compared to the group of subjects without a history of suicide attempts. In Lofthouse et al.'s study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e], transient suicidal ideation was 3 times and 7 times higher in adolescents with infrequent and recurrent self-destructive behavior, respectively. Similarly, those reporting frequent suicidal ideation had a history of infrequent and recurrent self-destructive behavior that was 2 times and 18 times higher, respectively. A history of suicide attempts has also increased the risk of self-destructive behavior. Toprak et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e] also made similar observations regarding the association between self-destructive behavior and suicide attempts in adolescents. Thus, a history of self-destructive behavior in adolescents has been confirmed as a risk factor for suicidal behavior in studies by several authors around the world and in our study. RK Roberts et al reported the strong association between a history of suicide attempts, current ideation, and current depression suggests that a past suicide attempt in adolescents occurs in the context of other signs of psychopathology [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. Self-destructive behaviors are becoming increasingly common among young people during a vulnerable developmental period when individuals face major life changes (work, family, relationships, etc.), leading to stress in dealing with these issues. Self-destructive behaviors may be a way to temporarily release negative, distressing emotions, to punish oneself, or to gain attention from others, but the long-term consequences of this behavior are very negative [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, it is necessary to detect early and promptly prevent self-destructive behaviors to avoid serious physical and mental consequences for the patient, especially leading to suicidal behaviors that endanger life.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study also showed associations between current mental stress and suicidal ideation and self-destructive behavior. In a recent review, stressors, such as acute life events, chronic hardship, and trauma, were consistently associated with suicidal ideation in adolescents and adults [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]. Another study by Miller et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e] also showed that stressful events are factors that increase the risk of suicide in a group of adolescent girls. This result is similar to the study on Chinese college students; stressful life events and a lack of coping skills are important risk factors for suicidal behavior in this group, especially academic stress and conflicts with friends [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, psychological trauma is a factor leading to self-destructive behavior, which has been confirmed in our study as well as the studies of other authors around the world. In our study, the group of stress related to studying is the most common stress, followed by family conflicts and school violence. This is consistent with Eastern culture, which values education and exam results, so academic pressure is always a common pressure for patients of this school-going age. Families in Vietnam in particular and the East in general are also more closely connected and interactive than families in the West, focusing on emotional and moral education; parents always teach their children to respect the elderly and obey management; many generations live together in one family; the role of women is not really promoted; ... Therefore, it is easy for many conflicts to occur between members, leading to reporting family conflicts, which is also one of the common pressures on the subjects. School-related conflicts with friends are also often mentioned. Students often live on university campuses and share dormitories with many other students. Due to limited private space, conflicts with classmates or roommates can arise and even persist or escalate over time. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and sympathize with the stressful pressures, especially the family and close friends of the patient, to reduce stress, make the patient feel comfortable mentally, and reduce negative thoughts.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study had several limitations. First, due to the cross-sectional nature of the study, the factors are not considered causally responsible. Second, this study did not take socioeconomic status into account. Previous research suggests a link between a lower socioeconomic status and an increased risk of present stress and mental health issues [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e]. Third, we did not evaluate the sleep duration and quality of participants. Previous studies suggest a significant correlation between sleep and suicidal ideas and behaviors [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR41\" citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. Fourth, the limited sample size consequently restricts the evaluation of associations. The study was conducted only at the Institute of Mental Health, Bach Mai Hospital; therefore, the findings might not be generalized to other populations. Finally, because of the observational nature of our data, we have endeavored to address confounding; nonetheless, we recognize that inadequate correction may still lead to residual confounding. Future research should prioritize longitudinal designs, include measures of SES and sleep, recruit larger and more diverse samples, and employ robust methods to control for confounding. By addressing these limitations, future studies can provide a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the factors influencing the outcomes of interest.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study suggested that gender, history of suicide attempts, and current mental stress were significantly associated with suicidal behavior and self-destructive behavior in adolescents and young adults. Paying more attention to young patients with a history of attempted suicide and current mental stress, especially females, to prevent suicidal behaviors is needed. More detail, intervention strategies should be tailored by gender, provide specialized support such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for those with a history of attempts, and prioritize stress reduction techniques like mindfulness and accessible mental health services. Although the current study has some limitations, aware of that, our future research will apply solutions to overcome those limitations and provide further insight into this issue.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability Statement:\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors thank the study participants and our colleagues for completing the survey for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u003c/strong\u003e TTYD, NNT, TATN: Conceptualization. VLT, VTP: Methodology, Software. VHN, MHT, TTP, LTLH, DKD: Data curation. TTYD, NNT: Writing\u0026mdash;Original draft preparation. NNT, TTC, THN: visualization, investigation, supervision. VHN, TATN: Software, Validation. TTYD, NNT: Writing, Reviewing, and Editing. All these authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFinancial support:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics declarations:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hanoi Medical University and Bach Mai Hospital (approval number 1793/QĐ-DHYHN) and conducted according to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki [43]. The consent form including information about the type of research and objectives of the study, was written by patients and their parents. The participants could withdraw from the interview at any time, and this did not affect their continuation of health care services. Confidentiality and anonymity were assured, participation was on a voluntary basis, and participants did not receive any payment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Publish declaration:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNon applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of Interest:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAll authors state that they have no conflicts of interest.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWorld Health Organization. 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Curr Opin Pediatr. 2009;21(5):641\u0026ndash;645.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eToprak S, Cetin I, Guven T, Can G, Demircan C. Self-harm, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among college students. Psychiatry Research. 2011;187(1):140\u0026ndash;144.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eROBERTS, ROBERT K., Catherine R. Roberts, and Y. Richard Chen. \"Suicidal thinking among adolescents with a history of attempted suicide.\" Journal of the American Academy of Child \u0026amp; Adolescent Psychiatry 37.12 (1998): 1294\u0026ndash;1300.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKlonsky ED, Victor SE, Saffer BY. Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: What We Know, and What We Need to Know. Can J Psychiatry. 2014;59(11):565\u0026ndash;568\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eStewart JG, Shields GS, Esposito EC, et al. Life Stress and Suicide in Adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019;47(10):1707\u0026ndash;1722.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMiller AB, Eisenlohr-Moul T, Giletta M, et al. A Within-Person Approach to Risk for Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior: Examining the Roles of Depression, Stress, and Abuse Exposure. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2017;85(7):712\u0026ndash;722.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTang F, Xue F, Qin P. The interplay of stressful life events and coping skills on risk for suicidal behavior among youth students in contemporary China: a large scale cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15(1):182.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eReiss F, Meyrose AK, Otto C, Lampert T, Klasen F, Ravens-Sieberer U. Socioeconomic status, stressful life situations and mental health problems in children and adolescents: Results of the German BELLA cohort-study. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0213700\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBusinelle MS, Mills BA, Chartier KG, Kendzor DE, Reingle JM, Shuval K. Do stressful events account for the link between socioeconomic status and mental health?. J Public Health (Oxf). 2014;36(2):205\u0026ndash;212\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRussell, K., Allan, S., Beattie, L., Bohan, J., MacMahon, K., \u0026amp; Rasmussen, S. Sleep problem, suicide and self-harm in university students: A systematic review. Sleep medicine reviews 44 (2019): 58\u0026ndash;69.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhang, N., Yao, Y., Li, L., Sun, M., Zhou, B., Fu, H., \u0026hellip; Jiang, W. Deprivation-related adverse childhood experiences and cognitive function among older adults: Mediating role of depression symptoms. Child Abuse \u0026amp; Neglect 158 (2024): 107088.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBecker SP, Dvorsky MR, Holdaway AS, Luebbe AM. Sleep problems and suicidal behaviors in college students. J Psychiatr Res. 2018; 99:122\u0026ndash;128.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWorld Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013; 310(20), 2191\u0026ndash;2194.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"575\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1. Characteristic of participants\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 244px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 244px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(n=101)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge (year)\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026para;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge group \u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15-19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex \u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAddress \u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrban\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRural\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePsychiatric diagnosis \u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisorder of adaptation (F43.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBehavioural disorder depression (F92.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMixed emotional-behavioral disorder (F92.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBipolar affective disorder (F31)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepression (F32)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepression Relapse (F33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSchizoaffective Disorder (F25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDissociative disorder (F40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcute stress disorder (F44)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhobic anxiety disorder (F23)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEducation level \u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;12 year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;12 year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFamily income \u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHistory of psychological disorders \u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdherence to treatment\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePersonal history of attempted suicide \u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHistory of psychological trauma \u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHistory of violence/abuse \u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChildhood traumas \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDomestic violence \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSchool-Related Violence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVerbal Abuse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSexual abuse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCurrent mental stress \u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCurrent suicidal ideation \u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSelf-destructive behavior \u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026para;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eMean (standard deviation)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e Numerical values (percentages,%).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"933\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 811px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2. Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Interval of Various Factors Associated with Current Suicidal Ideation \u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 255px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal (n=101)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 232px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15-19 (n=63)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width: 230px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20-24 (n=38)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.391\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHistory of violence/abuse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.479\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.859\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.362\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChildhood traumas \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.559\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.473\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDomestic violence \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.519\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.606\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.682\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHistory of psychological disorders\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.246\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.040\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.458\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdherence to treatment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.662\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.030\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 247px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePersonal history of attempted suicide\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCurrent mental stress\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.038\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"12\" style=\"width: 692px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLogistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and p-value.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"1017\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"11\" style=\"width: 756px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3. Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Interval of Various Factors Associated with Self-Destructive behaviors \u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 279px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal (n=101)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15-19 (n=63)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20-24 (n-38)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.237\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHistory of violence/abuse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.140\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChildhood traumas \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.176\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDomestic violence \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.075\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 289px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHistory of psychological disorders\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.176\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.372\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.440\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdherence to treatment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.558\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.575\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.662\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 348px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePersonal history of attempted suicide\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.039\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCurrent mental stress\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.033\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 699px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLogistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and p-value.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-psychology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"discpsy","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Psychology](https://www.springer.com/44202)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Psychology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Self-destructive behavior, suicidal ideation, adolescents, young adults, mental health, psychiatric patients, Vietnamese","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5640983/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5640983/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjective\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuicide trends among adolescents aged 15 to 24 are often linked to significant life transitions, such as changes in living and working environments; however, in Vietnam, research on suicide in the general population remains limited. The aim of this study was to identify at-risk youth related to suicidal ideation and self-destructive behavior in adolescents and young adult psychiatric patients.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study included 101 participants aged 15 to 24 receiving inpatient treatment at the Institute of Mental Health, Bach Mai Hospital, Vietnam between August 2021 and June 2022. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale was used to assess suicidal ideation and behaviors. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between risk factors and suicide ideation and self-destructive behavior.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of current ideation and self-destructive were 54.5% and 36.6%, respectively. The study suggests females had a higher OR of current suicidal ideation and self-destructive behavior than males (all p-values\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The results showed that a personal history of attempted suicide and current mental stress increased the odds of current suicidal ideation and self-destructive behavior (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Additionally, in the 15-19-year-old group, childhood traumas had a higher OR of self-destructive behavior (p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.029). In the 20-24-year-old group, treatment adherence had a lower OR of current suicidal ideation (p-value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.03).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study suggested that gender, history of suicide attempts, and current mental stress were significantly associated with suicidal ideation and self-destructive behavior in adolescents and young adult psychiatric patients. Paying more attention to young patients with a history of attempted suicide and current mental stress, especially females, to prevent suicidal ideation and self-destructive behavior is needed.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Suicidal Ideation and Self-Destructive Behavior in Vietnamese Adolescents and Young Adults with Psychiatric Disorders","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-07 04:47:26","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5640983/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-04-09T10:14:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-06T19:47:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"279465747814459723241363067533454348746","date":"2025-04-06T19:39:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-04T16:42:20+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"256377717540002790715837758145930049786","date":"2025-04-04T16:36:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-04T15:50:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-04-04T11:26:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Psychology","date":"2025-04-04T00:18:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-psychology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"discpsy","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Psychology](https://www.springer.com/44202)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Psychology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e8b5d70f-9e25-4aaa-ba3b-32bf8b500cfe","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 7th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-12T21:53:16+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-07 04:47:26","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5640983","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5640983","identity":"rs-5640983","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}