Pulmonary subsolid nodules: what radiologists need to know about the imaging features and management strategy

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This review discusses the imaging features and management strategies for pulmonary subsolid nodules, emphasizing Fleischner Society guidelines aligned with current lung adenocarcinoma classification systems.

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This review examines pulmonary subsolid nodules, defined as pure ground-glass or part-solid lesions frequently detected during screening chest computed tomography. It outlines the Fleischner Society recommendations for managing these incidentally found nodules, which align with the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification system and provide specific guidance based on nodule size, solid component presence, and multiplicity. The authors discuss the imaging features corresponding to histology and natural course, while also addressing potential interventions such as biopsy and surgical localization. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically laparoscopic excision of deep infiltrating lesions.

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Abstract

Pulmonary subsolid nodules (SSNs) refer to pulmonary nodules with pure ground-glass nodules and part-solid ground-glass nodules. SSNs are frequently encountered in the clinical setting, such as screening chest computed tomography (CT). The main concern regarding pulmonary SSNs, particularly when they are persistent, has been lung adenocarcinoma and its precursors. The CT manifestations of SSNs help radiologists and clinicians manage these lesions. However, the management plan for SSNs has not previously been standardized. Recently, the Fleischner Society published recommendations for the management of incidentally detected SSNs. The guidelines reflect the new lung adenocarcinoma classification system proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) and include six specific recommendations according to the nodule size, solid portion and multiplicity. This review aims to increase the understanding of SSNs and the imaging features of SSNs according to their histology, natural course, possible radiologic interventions, such as biopsy, localization prior to surgery, and current management.
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ABSTRACT Pulmonary subsolid nodules (SSNs) refer to pulmonary nodules with pure ground-glass nodules and part-solid ground-glass nodules. SSNs are frequently encountered in the clinical setting, such as screening chest computed tomography (CT). The main concern regarding pulmonary SSNs, particularly when they are persistent, has been lung adenocarcinoma and its precursors. The CT manifestations of SSNs help radiologists and clinicians manage these lesions. However, the management plan for SSNs has not previously been standardized. Recently, the Fleischner Society published recommendations for the management of incidentally detected SSNs. The guidelines reflect the new lung adenocarcinoma classification system proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) and include six specific recommendations according to the nodule size, solid portion and multiplicity. This review aims to increase the understanding of SSNs and the imaging features of SSNs according to their histology, natural course, possible radiologic interventions, such as biopsy, localization prior to surgery, and current management.

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MeSH descriptors

Multiple Pulmonary Nodules Tomography, X-Ray Computed Humans Multiple Pulmonary Nodules Multiple Pulmonary Nodules Multiple Pulmonary Nodules

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europepmc
last seen: 2026-10-11T09:27:45.537177+00:00
pubmed
last seen: 2026-10-08T21:12:41.142639+00:00
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