Association of Placental Pathology and antibiotic exposure after birth with the Severity of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm infants - A Matched Case-Control Study

Association of Placental Pathology and antibiotic exposure after birth with the Severity of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm infants - A Matched Case-Control Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Association of Placental Pathology and antibiotic exposure after birth with the Severity of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm infants - A Matched Case-Control Study Parvesh Mohan Garg, Robin Riddick, Md Abu Yusuf Ansari, Aubrey rebentisch, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5717937/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective: To determine the association between antibiotic exposure following birth and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) severity in preterm infants. Methods: This single center matched case-control study included infants with NEC (n=107) and matched controls (n= 130) with antibiotic exposure = 3 days after birth. Results: Out of 212 infants,103 infants (48.5%) received antibiotics =3 days. On the multivariate regression, Infants receiving antibiotics for >3 day had higher risk for medical NEC (aOR 2.61,95% CI 1.35 -5.16; p=0.005) and surgical NEC (aOR 3.33, CI 1.57-7.40; p=0.02) than controls. In NEC cohort, those receiving antibiotics for >3 days were like to die (OR 7.88,95% CI 1.99- 53.74; p=0.010) than those receiving antibiotics 3 days after birth were more likely associated with NEC and were at greater risk of death. Biological sciences/Developmental biology/Disease model Health sciences/Pathogenesis/Infection Introduction Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) affecting about 5–10% of preterm infants with a birth weight ≤ 1500 grams [ 1 , 2 ] and remains a leading cause for surgical intervention, mortality and the health care cost [ 3 , 4 ]. In preterm infants, NEC is characterized by extensive intestinal necrosis and inflammation [ 5 ]. The risk factors associated with NEC are multifactorial, including adverse intrauterine environment (inflammatory and/or hypoxic), and postnatal exposure to antibiotics and the inflammatory stimuli may switch innate immune cells to a sustain a chronic or exaggerated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to increased risk of NEC (double-Hit) in preterm infants [ 6 ].The placental pathology provides a unique opportunity to understand the antenatal exposure and is not fully utilized in neonatal care[ 7 , 8 ]. Published studies have[ 9 ] reported that the presence of placental vascular obstructive lesions on the fetal side and histological chorioamnionitis [ 10 ] was associated with increased rate of necrotizing enterocolitis. In a systemic review, histological chorioamnionitis with the fetal response ( funisitis and /or fetal vasculitis) was associated with NEC [ 11 ]. We have recently reported that preterm infants with medical and surgical NEC had an increased frequency of inflammatory and vascular placental pathologic lesions compared with matched controls [ 12 – 14 ]. Most of preterm infants receive antibiotics after birth. Many reports have shown the association between the antibiotic exposure and the necrotizing enterocolitis [ 15 ]. While some studies have demonstrated an increased risk of NEC [ 16 , 17 ], other studies have demonstrated seemingly contrary findings of decreased NEC with early antibiotics [ 18 , 19 ]. Studies using animal models have also yielded differing findings of benefit vs. harm of early antibiotic exposure on subsequent NEC susceptibility [ 20 – 22 ]. The clinical combined impact of antibiotic exposure along with placental inflammatory and the vascular lesions on the severity of NEC is not well studied. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to 1) determine the impact on the antibiotic exposure duration ( = 3 days after birth) on the severity of NEC. 2) To determine the impact of placental lesions determined by using a uniform classification of placental histopathology [ 23 ] along with antibiotic duration exposure following birth on the severity of NEC. Methods Study design A matched case-control study was conducted at the University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC) at Jackson, Mississippi, after approval by the Institutional Review Board (2017 − 0127). UMMC has a level 4 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), which is a regional referral center for neonates with surgical NEC for the entire state. Clinical information We recorded demographic characteristics, including birth weight, GA, sex, race, and mode of delivery (cesarean delivery vs. vaginal delivery), APGAR scores at 5 minutes and the out born status. We also collected information regarding maternal factors, including pregnancy-induced hypertension, chorioamnionitis, and antenatal steroids. Infants who did not show obvious pneumatosis on radiology were classified as ≥ stage II NEC only if they displayed highly suggestive clinical signs with loss of bowel sounds, generalized abdominal tenderness, abdominal distension, systemic instability with increased needs for respiratory and hemodynamic support, and radiological evidence of intestinal dilatation, fixed bowel loops and/or portal venous gas on abdominal X-ray. We also gathered information on the length of stay defined as the total duration of hospitalization from the day of admission until discharge or death and mortality defined as death due to any cause before hospital discharge. NEC information NEC was defined using Bell's criteria[ 24 ], and Bell stage III/surgical NEC frequency was gathered[ 24 ]. Age at NEC diagnosis (days of life) and abdominal X-ray findings were also collected. Postoperative Information Postoperative information such as total parenteral nutrition days (TPN), time to full feeds (≥ 120 ml/kg/day), postoperative ileus days (number of days infants not fed following surgery) were also collected. Antibiotic exposure Information Following birth, at UMMC, the infants receive ampicillin and gentamicin as the first line of antibiotics for suspect early onset sepsis after sending the blood culture. The duration of antibiotics was guided by the infant clinical condition, antenatal history and the service provider. For our study, the infants were divided into two groups who received antibiotics = 3 days of intravenous antibiotics. Brain Injury Information Brain MRI without contrast was obtained at the term equivalent age and scored independently by two pediatric radiologists using a Woodward et al. scoring system of eight scales for white and gray matter injury [ 25 ]. Placental Pathology A board-certified pathologist routinely examines placentas from all preterm births at our institute for gross and histologic findings. The umbilical cord, membranes, and placental disc are inspected for any gross abnormalities. The placenta is weighed after removing the umbilical cord, fetal membranes, and non-adherent blood clots. Placentas weighing below the 10th percentile for estimated GA were considered small for GA, and those weighing > 90th percentile for GA were considered large for GA [ 26 ]. The placental disk is then serially sectioned at 1–2-cm intervals and examined for intraparenchymal lesions. Representative sections of the umbilical cord, fetal membranes, placental parenchyma, and any abnormalities seen on gross examination are submitted for standard histological examination. Based on the Amsterdam criteria, the histopathologic abnormalities assessed were divided into the following subcategories [ 23 ]. Acute histologic chorioamnionitis with or without fetal inflammatory response. Chronic Villitis with or without obliterative fetal vasculopathy. Maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) including maternal vascular lesions (decidual arteriopathy, mural hypertrophy, incomplete transformation of spiral arteries, and decidual necrosis), infarcts, hemorrhage or hematoma, thrombi, villous changes (chorangiosis, syncytial knots, distal villous hypoplasia, and accelerated villous maturation), and placental hypoplasia [ 27 – 29 ] . Fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM). Other inflammatory lesions (chronic deciduitis with plasma cells, massive chronic intervillositis, perivillous fibrin, and histiocystic intervillositis), delayed villous maturation, and villous edema [ 30 ] . The presence of more than one of the defined placental lesions was classified as multiple placental pathologies. A representative set of placentas (n = 30) were randomly chosen by a pediatric pathologist, who reassessed the histology while blinded to the placental reports, clinical history, and the outcomes. This was matched with the pathology reports and resulted in 93% concordance. The random review of 30 placentas was done to validate the initial pathologist’s reading. Outcome The severity of NEC was defined as infants without NEC, NEC treated medically, and those with NEC requiring surgery. Statistical Methods For normally distributed continuous variables, we summarized the data as means with standard deviation (± SD), and comparisons between groups were performed using Student's t-test and ANOVA. For continuous data exhibiting skewed distribution, differences were tested using the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Walli’s test. Categorical data were summarized as counts with relative frequencies as percentages, and differences among the groups were analyzed using the Chi-squared test ( χ ² test) or Fisher's exact test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between antibiotic exposure and the severity of NEC. A 2-sided p -value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all the analyses. All the statistical analyses were performed in R statistical software (version 4.03; The R Foundation for Statistical Computing). Results Antibiotics exposure following birth and NEC severity Clinical information of infants receiving antibiotics = 3 days after birth: Any NEC vs. Controls: One hundred and three infants (n = 103) were included in the analysis receiving antibiotics for less than three days. 33 (33/103, 32%) infants had any NEC (Medical or surgical NEC). Those with any NEC had significantly higher exposure to PIH (36.4% vs 13%, p = 0.014) and stayed in NICU longer (26 days [6.75;69.8] vs. 73[41;126]; p < 0.001) compared to controls. Out of 33 cases of any NEC, 20/33 (60.6%) had medical NEC and 13/33 (39.3%) had surgical NEC. Medical NEC vs. Surgical NEC vs. controls Infants with surgical NEC had significantly lower birth weight, lower median gestational age, had higher morality and longer hospital stay compared to infants with medical NEC and the controls. The data are summarized in Table 1 and Table 2. Infants receiving > 3 days of antibiotics: Any NEC vs Controls: One hundred and nine infants (n = 109) were included in the analysis receiving antibiotics for more than three days. 64 (64/109,58.7%) infants had any NEC (Medical or surgical NEC). Those with any NEC had significantly lower median birth weight (735gm [630;1128] vs. 1020gm [780;1680]; p = 0.010) and lower median gestational age (26.5 weeks [24.4;29.7] vs.28.6 weeks [25.4;32]; p = 0.03) than controls. Those with any NEC were exposed to PIH (39.7% vs.4.5%; p < 0.001) more frequently, were SGA (44.3% vs.17.3%; p = 0.08) and had APGAR score less than 6 at 5 mins (35.5% vs 13.6%; p = 0.022) more frequently than controls. Infants receiving antibiotics longer than 3 days after birth had significantly longer length of stay (103 days [64;163) vs. 73 days [30;97]; p = 0.001) and the higher mortality (31.2% vs. 6.6%; p = 0.004) than controls. Out of 64 cases of any NEC, 34/64 (53%) had medical NEC and the 30/64 (47%) cases had the surgical NEC. Medical NEC vs. Surgical NEC vs. controls: Those with surgical NEC and medical NEC had significantly lower birth weight, were SGA more frequently, exposed to PIH more frequently, lower APGAR scores less than 6 at 5 minutes, had longer length of stay and higher mortality compared to controls. The data is summarized in Table 2. The data are summarized in Table 1 . NEC features and antibiotic exposure duration in surgical NEC cohort: Forty-three infants with surgical NEC were included in the study. 13/43 (30.3%) infants received antibiotics = 3days. Those infants receiving antibiotics > 3 days had later median age of NEC onset (18.0 [9.25;34.0] vs. 5.00 [4.00;19.0]; p = 0.002), higher median CRP on the day of NEC onset (2.60 [1.10;6.00] vs. 0.70 [0.50;1.10]; p = 0.003) and longer post operative ileus days 16 days [12.5;21.0] vs. 7 days [7.00;12.0]; p = 0.021) compared those receiving antibiotics = 3 days after birth had significantly higher adjusted odds of medical NEC (aOR 2.61,95% CI 1.35–5.16; p = 0.005) and surgical NEC (aOR 3.33, CI 1.57–7.40; p = 0.02) than control group. In NEC cohort, those receiving antibiotics for > 3 days after birth had higher odds of mortality (OR 7.88,95% CI 1.99–53.74; p = 0.010) than those receiving antibiotics less than 3 days (Table 4 and Table 4 A). Placental lesions and Antibiotic exposure < 3 days The data are summarized in Table 3 . 103 infants were included in the analysis. Those with surgical NEC had higher exposure to acute histologic chorioamnionitis and chorioamnionitis with the fetal response (61.5% vs 11.4%) and the maternal vascular malformation and CFR (46.2% vs 4.3%) compared to controls. The data are summarized in Table 5 . Placental lesions and Antibiotic exposure > 3 days 108 infants were included in the analysis. Infants receiving antibiotics more than 3 days had higher AHC + CFR lesions (26.7% vs 5.9%) and higher MVM + CFR lesions (20% vs. 5.9%) on the placental pathology in infants with surgical NEC compared to those with medical NEC. The data are summarized in Table 5 . The association between placental lesions, antibiotic duration and NEC severity Acute histologic Chorioamnionitis 64 infants with acute histologic chorioamnionitis were included in the analysis. 27/64 (42%) infants received antibiotics = < 3 days and 37/64 (58%) infants received antibiotics for more than 3 days. 19/64 (29.6%) had medical NEC and 21/64 (32.8%) had surgical NEC. Infants receiving antibiotics more than 3 days were more likely at risk of medical (79% vs 38%; p = 0.021) and surgical NEC (62% vs. 38%; p = 0.021). Maternal Vascular Malperfusion: 134 infants with maternal vascular malperfusion were included in the analysis. 66/134 (49%) infants received antibiotics = < 3 days and 68/134 (51%) infants received antibiotics for more than 3 days. 43/134 (32%) had medical NEC and 21/64 (22.3%) had surgical NEC. Infants receiving antibiotics more than 3 days were more likely at risk of medical (60% vs 36%; p = 0.007) and surgical NEC (67% vs. 36%; p = 0.007). The association between the infants with other placental lesions such as acute histologic chorioamnionitis with fetal response, SGA placenta, antibiotic duration and NEC severity is summarized in Table 6 . Discussion Our study shows that infants receiving antibiotics for more than 3 days were likely associated with medical and surgical NEC than controls and were at higher odds of mortality compared to those receiving antibiotics less than 3 days. Those infants receiving antibiotics > 3 days had later median age of NEC onset, higher median CRP on the day of NEC onset and longer post operative ileus days compared to those receiving antibiotics = < 3days in surgical NEC cohort. On placental pathology, infants receiving any antibiotic exposure more than 3 days more likely had combination lesions of AHC + CFR and CFR + MVM and were more likely associated with surgical NEC. Many reports have shown the association between the antibiotic exposure and the necrotizing enterocolitis [ 15 ]. While few reports have demonstrated an increased risk of NEC [ 16 , 17 ], other studies have demonstrated seemingly contrary findings of decreased NEC with early antibiotics [ 18 , 19 ]. Studies using animal models have also yielded differing findings of benefit vs. harm of early antibiotic exposure on subsequent NEC susceptibility [ 20 – 22 ]. The antibiotics’ following birth is associated with increased risk of NEC due to changes in gut microbiome, intestinal epithelium maturation and the intestinal barrier function as shown in animal studies [ 31 – 34 ]. A recent metanalysis by Pammi et al had shown that Microbial dysbiosis preceding NEC in preterm infants is characterized by increased relative abundances of Proteobacteria and decreased relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes [ 35 ]. Microbiome optimization may provide a novel strategy for preventing NEC. However, a recent randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial failed to demonstrate that withholding 48 hours of standard intravenous antibiotics immediately after birth improved the microbiome or clinical outcomes [ 36 ]. In our study, the infants with exposure to acute histologic chorioamnionitis and maternal vascular malformation and receiving antibiotics more than 3 days following birth were more likely associated with medical or surgical NEC. A systemic review noted that histological chorioamnionitis accompanied by a fetal response (funisitis and /or chorionic plate vasculitis) was associated with NEC [ 11 ]. Moore and colleagues [ 10 ] also noted that infants with NEC (≥ Bells stage II) had an increased risk of placental infarctions and histological chorioamnionitis compared to controls. Dix et al [ 9 ] reported that the presence of placental fetal vascular obstructive lesions was associated with increased frequency of NEC in preterm infants, though differences in placental pathologic lesions associated with surgical and medical NEC were not examined. A recent meta-analysis[ 37 ] of 33 relevant studies found clinical chorioamnionitis was significantly associated with NEC, but the overall association between histologic chorioamnionitis (HC) and NEC was not statistically significant. In contrast, sub-analysis of HC with fetal involvement was highly associated with NEC. A recently published case-control retrospective study [ 38 ] of infants < 33 weeks gestational age or < 1500 grams birthweight evaluated placental pathology for FIR (Fetal inflammatory response) progression and severity defined according to Amsterdam classification. The authors found that both stage and grade of FIR were positively correlated with the stage of NEC (p < 0.001). On multinomial logistic regression, stage III NEC was associated with high stage of FIR (p < 0.001). Placental inflammation with evidence of a fetal response may place the fetal intestine at greater risk of subsequent injury when exposed to NEC-related stimuli such as antibiotic exposure after birth – a concept which supports the double hit hypothesis for surgical NEC [ 6 ]. A fetal inflammatory response in the placenta is defined by the presence of neutrophils within the muscular walls of veins and/or arteries in the chorioamniotic plate and/or umbilical cord [ 39 , 40 ]. This fetal placental response may be associated with a systemic inflammatory response with an exaggerated pro-inflammatory cytokine activation. Fibrin deposition in response to endothelial damage (vasculitis) in the placental vasculature may be the linking mechanism between chorioamnionitis, the fetal response, and the postnatal intestinal injury [ 41 , 42 ]. Wolfs et al have recently reported that IL-1α mediated chorioamnionitis induces depletion of FoxP3 + cells and ileal inflammation in the ovine fetal gut [ 43 ]. In another study by Wolf et al, reported that the distribution of the tight junctional protein ZO-1, the immune defense, and vascular function are all immature in the fetal intestines at lower gestational ages and are further compromised by endotoxin-induced chorioamnionitis in a sheep model [ 44 ]. Yan et al has reported in a newborn mice model [ 45 ] that prenatal inflammation increases the susceptibility to NEC, downregulates intestinal VEGFR2 signaling, and impairs the perinatal intestinal microvascular development via a TNF mechanism. Their data also suggest that alteration of intestinal microvascular development may be a key mechanism by which premature infants exposed to prenatal inflammation are at risk for NEC and preserving the VEGF/VEGF receptor 2 signaling pathway may help prevent NEC development. To our knowledge, one of the few studies to report the combined exposure to the placental lesions, postnatal antibiotic exposure and with the severity of NEC in a predominantly African American population, using a uniform classification of placental pathologic lesions. Our study has shown the impact of antibiotics exposure on the NEC presentation and the postoperative outcomes in surgical NEC cohort. Our findings have few limitations: Our study was a single center and case-control study, and we cannot infer causality, and our findings may not be generalizable to other populations. We had a modest number of participants for our group comparisons. We may be underpowered to detect other associations between pathologic placental findings, antibiotic exposure following birth and NEC. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that that infants receiving antibiotics for longer duration (> 3 days) were likely associated with necrotizing enterocolitis and were at higher odds of mortality. In our data, infants exposed to placental inflammatory and vascular lesions and antibiotics for more than 3 days following birth were likely associated with medical and surgical NEC supporting the double hit model. Prospective clinical, translational human and animal studies are greatly to fully understand the combined impact of placental lesions and postnatal antibiotic exposure on the neonatal morbidities and mortality to improve the outcomes. Optimizing antibiotic duration following birth is greatly needed to have developmentally appropriate gut maturation and adaptation. Declarations PMG designed the study; PMG, RR, MAYA, AR, KA, AS, WH, PPG analyzed THE COLLECTED DATA and wrote the manuscript. All the authors contributed to and approved the manuscript. Conflicts of interest: The authors disclose no conflicts. Funding: Dr. Parvesh Garg is partially supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number 5U54GM115428. 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Yan, X., et al., Prenatal inflammation impairs intestinal microvascular development through a TNF-dependent mechanism and predisposes newborn mice to necrotizing enterocolitis . Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2019. 317(1): p. G57-g66. Tables Table 1: Clinical information in controls and infants with any NEC =3 days antibiotics [ALL] N=103 Any NEC N=33 Control N=70 p [ALL] N=109 Any NEC N=64 Control N=45 p gender 0.509 0.706 Female 47 (45.6%) 13 (39.4%) 34 (48.6%) 57 (52.3%) 32 (50.0%) 25 (55.6%) Male 56 (54.4%) 20 (60.6%) 36 (51.4%) 52 (47.7%) 32 (50.0%) 20 (44.4%) ethnicity: 1.000 0.388 African American 70 (68.6%) 23 (69.7%) 47 (68.1%) 81 (75.7%) 50 (80.6%) 31 (68.9%) Caucasian 29 (28.4%) 9 (27.3%) 20 (29.0%) 17 (15.9%) 8 (12.9%) 9 (20.0%) Other 3 (2.94%) 1 (3.03%) 2 (2.90%) 9 (8.41%) 4 (6.45%) 5 (11.1%) birthweight 1150 [735;1617] 1140 [680;1540] 1185 [781;1620] 0.373 875 [650;1470] 735 [630;1128] 1020 [780;1680] 0.010 gestational age 29.1 [25.6;31.6] 29.2 [25.1;31.1] 29.1 [25.7;32.2] 0.567 27.0 [25.0;31.1] 26.5 [24.4;29.7] 28.6 [25.4;32.0] 0.037 Mode of Delivery 0.326 0.167 C-Section 73 (70.9%) 26 (78.8%) 47 (67.1%) 80 (74.1%) 51 (79.7%) 29 (65.9%) Vaginal 30 (29.1%) 7 (21.2%) 23 (32.9%) 28 (25.9%) 13 (20.3%) 15 (34.1%) Chronic Hypertension 0.297 0.442 No 79 (77.5%) 23 (69.7%) 56 (81.2%) 83 (77.6%) 51 (81.0%) 32 (72.7%) Yes 23 (22.5%) 10 (30.3%) 13 (18.8%) 24 (22.4%) 12 (19.0%) 12 (27.3%) SGA 0.137 0.008 No 84 (82.4%) 24 (72.7%) 60 (87.0%) 71 (67.0%) 34 (55.7%) 37 (82.2%) Yes 18 (17.6%) 9 (27.3%) 9 (13.0%) 35 (33.0%) 27 (44.3%) 8 (17.8%) PIH 0.014 <0.001 No 81 (79.4%) 21 (63.6%) 60 (87.0%) 80 (74.8%) 38 (60.3%) 42 (95.5%) Yes 21 (20.6%) 12 (36.4%) 9 (13.0%) 27 (25.2%) 25 (39.7%) 2 (4.55%) chorioamnionitis 1.000 0.488 No 87 (86.1%) 29 (87.9%) 58 (85.3%) 94 (87.9%) 57 (90.5%) 37 (84.1%) Yes 14 (13.9%) 4 (12.1%) 10 (14.7%) 13 (12.1%) 6 (9.52%) 7 (15.9%) antenatal steroids: 0.519 0.134 No 18 (19.8%) 8 (25.0%) 10 (16.9%) 24 (23.5%) 18 (29.5%) 6 (14.6%) Yes 73 (80.2%) 24 (75.0%) 49 (83.1%) 78 (76.5%) 43 (70.5%) 35 (85.4%) Apgar <6 @5 minutes 0.288 0.022 No 83 (83.8%) 30 (90.9%) 53 (80.3%) 78 (73.6%) 40 (64.5%) 38 (86.4%) Yes 16 (16.2%) 3 (9.09%) 13 (19.7%) 28 (26.4%) 22 (35.5%) 6 (13.6%) disposition 0.065 0.004 Alive 84 (82.4%) 31 (93.9%) 53 (76.8%) 86 (78.9%) 44 (68.8%) 42 (93.3%) Dead 18 (17.6%) 2 (6.06%) 16 (23.2%) 23 (21.1%) 20 (31.2%) 3 (6.67%) Length of stay 42.0 [17.0;89.0] 73.0 [41.0;126] 26.0 [6.75;69.8] <0.001 88.0 [44.5;124] 103 [64.0;163] 73.0 [30.0;97.0] 0.001 Table 2: Clinical information for infants receiving antibiotics less than and more than 3 days Antibiotics =3days [ALL] N=103 Medical NEC N=20 Surgical NEC N=13 Control N=70 p value [ALL] N=109 Medical NEC N=34 Surgical NEC N=30 Control N=45 p value Male 56 (54.4%) 12 (60.0%) 8 (61.5%) 36 (51.4%) 0.681 52 (47.7%) 18 (52.9%) 14 (46.7%) 20 (44.4%) 0.74 ethnicity: 0.952 0.784 African American 70 (68.6%) 14 (70.0%) 9 (69.2%) 47 (68.1%) 81 (75.7%) 27 (81.8%) 23 (79.3%) 31 (68.9%) Caucasian 29 (28.4%) 5 (25.0%) 4 (30.8%) 20 (29.0%) 17 (15.9%) 4 (12.1%) 4 (13.8%) 9 (20.0%) Other 3 (2.94%) 1 (5.00%) 0 (0.00%) 2 (2.90%) 9 (8.41%) 2 (6.06%) 2 (6.90%) 5 (11.1%) Birth Weight in grams 1150 [735;1617] 1415 [1008;1694] 710 [560;990] 1185 [781;1620] 0.016 875 [650;1470] 860 [652;1315] 700 [592;942] 1020 [780;1680] 0.012 Gestational age in weeks 29.1 [25.6;31.6] 30.3 [28.1;31.7] 25.0 [24.3;27.0] 29.1 [25.7;32.2] 0.009 27.0 [25.0;31.1] 27.2 [24.7;30.5] 26.4 [24.2;28.9] 28.6 [25.4;32.0] 0.062 C-Section 73 (70.9%) 16 (80.0%) 10 (76.9%) 47 (67.1%) 0.57 80 (74.1%) 30 (88.2%) 21 (70.0%) 29 (65.9%) 0.069 Chronic Hypertension 23 (22.5%) 5 (25.0%) 5 (38.5%) 13 (18.8%) 0.242 24 (22.4%) 6 (17.6%) 6 (20.7%) 12 (27.3%) 0.580 SGA 18 (17.6%) 6 (30.0%) 3 (23.1%) 9 (13.0%) 0.180 35 (33.0%) 12 (38.7%) 15 (50.0%) 8 (17.8%) 0.011 PIH 21 (20.6%) 8 (40.0%) 4 (30.8%) 9 (13.0%) 0.021 27 (25.2%) 13 (38.2%) 12 (41.4%) 2 (4.55%) <0.001 Chorioamnionitis 14 (13.9%) 3 (15.0%) 1 (7.69%) 10 (14.7%) 0.915 13 (12.1%) 3 (8.82%) 3 (10.3%) 7 (15.9%) 0.702 antenatal steroids: 73 (80.2%) 16 (80.0%) 8 (66.7%) 49 (83.1%) 0.360 78 (76.5%) 24 (70.6%) 19 (70.4%) 35 (85.4%) 0.221 Apgar <6 @ 5 mins 16 (16.2%) 1 (5.00%) 2 (15.4%) 13 (19.7%) 0.376 28 (26.4%) 9 (27.3%) 13 (44.8%) 6 (13.6%) 0.012 Mortality 18 (17.6%) 0 (0.00%) 2 (15.4%) 16 (23.2%) 0.035 23 (21.1%) 8 (23.5%) 12 (40.0%) 3 (6.67%) 0.002 Length of stay in days 42.0 [17.0;89.0] 46.0 [38.2;77.0] 121 [94.0;175] 26.0 [6.75;69.8] <0.001 88.0 [44.5;124] 90.0 [48.0;119] 148 [88.8;184] 73.0 [30.0;97.0] <0.001 Table 3 : Clinical information in medical and surgical NEC cohort Medical NEC Surgical NEC [ALL] N=54 =3 N=34 [ALL] N=43 =3 N=30 p value Male 30 (55.6%) 12 (60.0%) 18 (52.9%) 22 (51.2%) 8 (61.5%) 14 (46.7%) 0.57 Ethnicity 0.371 African American 41 (77.4%) 14 (70.0%) 27 (81.8%) 32 (76.2%) 9 (69.2%) 23 (79.3%) Caucasian 9 (17.0%) 5 (25.0%) 4 (12.1%) 8 (19.0%) 4 (30.8%) 4 (13.8%) Other 3 (5.66%) 1 (5.00%) 2 (6.06%) 2 (4.76%) 0 (0.00%) 2 (6.90%) Birth weight 995 [692;1635] 1415 [1008;1694] 860 [652;1315] 710 [570;970] 710 [560;990] 700 [592;942] 0.979 Gestational age 28.4 [25.4;31.2] 30.3 [28.1;31.7] 27.2 [24.7;30.5] 26.0 [24.2;28.4] 25.0 [24.3;27.0] 26.4 [24.2;28.9] 0.731 C-Section 46 (85.2%) 16 (80.0%) 30 (88.2%) 31 (72.1%) 10 (76.9%) 21 (70.0%) 0.72 Chronic hypertension 11 (20.4%) 5 (25.0%) 6 (17.6%) 11 (26.2%) 5 (38.5%) 6 (20.7%) 0.270 Small of gestational age 18 (35.3%) 6 (30.0%) 12 (38.7%) 18 (41.9%) 3 (23.1%) 15 (50.0%) 0.191 Pregnancy induced Hypertension 21 (38.9%) 8 (40.0%) 13 (38.2%) 16 (38.1%) 4 (30.8%) 12 (41.4%) 0.733 chorioamnionitis 6 (11.1%) 3 (15.0%) 3 (8.82%) 4 (9.52%) 1 (7.69%) 3 (10.3%) 1.000 Antenatal steroids 40 (74.1%) 16 (80.0%) 24 (70.6%) 27 (69.2%) 8 (66.7%) 19 (70.4%) 1.000 Apgar <6 at 5 minutes 10 (18.9%) 1 (5.00%) 9 (27.3%) 15 (35.7%) 2 (15.4%) 13 (44.8%) 0.089 Disposition 0.164 Alive 46 (85.2%) 20 (100%) 26 (76.5%) 29 (67.4%) 11 (84.6%) 18 (60.0%) Dead 8 (14.8%) 0 (0.00%) 8 (23.5%) 14 (32.6%) 2 (15.4%) 12 (40.0%) length of stay 75.0 [40.0;103] 46.0 [38.2;77.0] 90.0 [48.0;119] 128 [89.5;183] 121 [94.0;175] 148 [88.8;184] 0.958 Table 4: Association between antibiotic duration (>3 days vs =3 days vs =and =<3 DAYS Antibiotic duration = 3 days Combination Medical NEC (n=20) Surgical NEC (n=13) Control (n=70) Medical NEC (n=34) Surgical NEC (n=30) Control (n=45) AHC + VE 0 (0%) 1 (7.7%) 3 (4.3%) 0 (0%) 1 (3.3%) 3 (6.7%) AHC + CFR 2 (10%) 8 (61.5%) 8 (11.4%) 2 (5.9%) 8 (26.7%) 8 (17.8%) AHC + MVM 4 (20%) 6 (46.2%) 8 (11.4%) 4 (11.8%) 6 (20%) 8 (17.8%) MVM + CFR 2 (10%) 6 (46.2%) 3 (4.3%) 2 (5.9%) 6 (20%) 3 (6.7%) MVM + VE 2 (10%) 1 (7.7%) 6 (8.6%) 2 (5.9%) 1 (3.3%) 6 (13.3%) MVM + SGA 5 (25%) 1 (7.7%) 9 (12.9%) 5 (14.7%) 1 (3.3%) 9 (20%) VE + SGA 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 4 (5.7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 4 (8.9%) AHC = acute histologic chorioamnionitis, VE= Villous edema, CFR = Chorioamnionitis with fetal response, MVM =maternal vascular malformation, GA= small of gestational age Table 6: Placental pathologies and antibiotic exposure Overall Medical NEC Surgical NEC Control p-value Acute Histologic Chorio N=64 N=19 N=21 N=24 Antibiotic duration: 0.021 3 days 37 (58%) 15 (79%) 13 (62%) 9 (38%) Antibiotic duration: 0.06 5 days 34 (53%) 14 (74%) 11 (52%) 9 (38%) Chorio w Fetal Response N=40 N=9 N=17 N=14 Antibiotic duration: 0.3 3 days 22 (55%) 7 (78%) 9 (53%) 6 (43%) Antibiotic duration: 0.6 5 days 20 (50%) 6 (67%) 8 (47%) 6 (43%) Maternal Vascular Malperfusion N=40 N=12 N=7 N=21 Antibiotic duration: 0.007 3 days 68 (51%) 26 (60%) 20 (67%) 22 (36%) Antibiotic duration: 0.001 5 days 41 (31%) 18 (42%) 14 (47%) 9 (15%) SGA Placenta N=40 N=12 N=7 N=21 Antibiotic duration: 0.4 3 days 24 (60%) 7 (58%) 6 (86%) 11 (52%) Antibiotic duration: 0.06 5 days 12 (30%) 6 (50%) 3 (43%) 3 (14%) Additional Declarations There is NO conflict of interest to disclose. 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Hillegass","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"William","middleName":"B.","lastName":"Hillegass","suffix":""},{"id":397367129,"identity":"60c8e7c2-1883-47b5-9de1-b84814554abe","order_by":7,"name":"Padma Garg","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Mississippi Medial Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Padma","middleName":"","lastName":"Garg","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-12-26 20:45:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5717937/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5717937/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":75925265,"identity":"951ffdd5-b8c0-4053-8239-67b058247eb7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-10 15:11:39","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2241793,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5717937/v1/df4c1e16-9039-4111-98ae-497b9c24e014.pdf"},{"id":75391498,"identity":"4773c99c-92f6-47ec-a896-62975809d3bc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-04 05:28:51","extension":"docx","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":17610,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Supplemental Table 1","description":"","filename":"SupplementalTable1.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5717937/v1/a2f74066bc9cd461de3cf429.docx"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e conflict of interest to disclose.","formattedTitle":"Association of Placental Pathology and antibiotic exposure after birth with the Severity of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm infants - A Matched Case-Control Study","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) affecting about 5\u0026ndash;10% of preterm infants with a birth weight\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;1500 grams [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e] and remains a leading cause for surgical intervention, mortality and the health care cost [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. In preterm infants, NEC is characterized by extensive intestinal necrosis and inflammation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe risk factors associated with NEC are multifactorial, including adverse intrauterine environment (inflammatory and/or hypoxic), and postnatal exposure to antibiotics and the inflammatory stimuli may switch innate immune cells to a sustain a chronic or exaggerated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to increased risk of NEC (double-Hit) in preterm infants [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e].The placental pathology provides a unique opportunity to understand the antenatal exposure and is not fully utilized in neonatal care[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Published studies have[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e] reported that the presence of placental vascular obstructive lesions on the fetal side and histological chorioamnionitis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e] was associated with increased rate of necrotizing enterocolitis. In a systemic review, histological chorioamnionitis with the fetal response ( funisitis and /or fetal vasculitis) was associated with NEC [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. We have recently reported that preterm infants with medical and surgical NEC had an increased frequency of inflammatory and vascular placental pathologic lesions compared with matched controls [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR13\" citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMost of preterm infants receive antibiotics after birth. Many reports have shown the association between the antibiotic exposure and the necrotizing enterocolitis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. While some studies have demonstrated an increased risk of NEC [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e], other studies have demonstrated seemingly contrary findings of decreased NEC with early antibiotics [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Studies using animal models have also yielded differing findings of benefit vs. harm of early antibiotic exposure on subsequent NEC susceptibility [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR21\" citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. The clinical combined impact of antibiotic exposure along with placental inflammatory and the vascular lesions on the severity of NEC is not well studied. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to 1) determine the impact on the antibiotic exposure duration (\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;3 days and \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3 days after birth) on the severity of NEC. 2) To determine the impact of placental lesions determined by using a uniform classification of placental histopathology [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e] along with antibiotic duration exposure following birth on the severity of NEC.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e A matched case-control study was conducted at the University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC) at Jackson, Mississippi, after approval by the Institutional Review Board (2017\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0127). UMMC has a level 4 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), which is a regional referral center for neonates with surgical NEC for the entire state.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eClinical information\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe recorded demographic characteristics, including birth weight, GA, sex, race, and mode of delivery (cesarean delivery vs. vaginal delivery), APGAR scores at 5 minutes and the out born status. We also collected information regarding maternal factors, including pregnancy-induced hypertension, chorioamnionitis, and antenatal steroids. Infants who did not show obvious pneumatosis on radiology were classified as \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;stage II NEC only if they displayed highly suggestive clinical signs with loss of bowel sounds, generalized abdominal tenderness, abdominal distension, systemic instability with increased needs for respiratory and hemodynamic support, and radiological evidence of intestinal dilatation, fixed bowel loops and/or portal venous gas on abdominal X-ray.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe also gathered information on the length of stay defined as the total duration of hospitalization from the day of admission until discharge or death and mortality defined as death due to any cause before hospital discharge.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eNEC information\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eNEC was defined using Bell's criteria[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e], and Bell stage III/surgical NEC frequency was gathered[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. Age at NEC diagnosis (days of life) and abdominal X-ray findings were also collected.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003ePostoperative Information\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostoperative information such as total parenteral nutrition days (TPN), time to full feeds (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;120 ml/kg/day), postoperative ileus days (number of days infants not fed following surgery) were also collected.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eAntibiotic exposure Information\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eFollowing birth, at UMMC, the infants receive ampicillin and gentamicin as the first line of antibiotics for suspect early onset sepsis after sending the blood culture. The duration of antibiotics was guided by the infant clinical condition, antenatal history and the service provider. For our study, the infants were divided into two groups who received antibiotics\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;3 days and \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3 days of intravenous antibiotics.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eBrain Injury Information\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrain MRI without contrast was obtained at the term equivalent age and scored independently by two pediatric radiologists using a Woodward et al. scoring system of eight scales for white and gray matter injury [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePlacental Pathology\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA board-certified pathologist routinely examines placentas from all preterm births at our institute for gross and histologic findings. The umbilical cord, membranes, and placental disc are inspected for any gross abnormalities. The placenta is weighed after removing the umbilical cord, fetal membranes, and non-adherent blood clots. Placentas weighing below the 10th percentile for estimated GA were considered small for GA, and those weighing\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;90th percentile for GA were considered large for GA [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. The placental disk is then serially sectioned at 1\u0026ndash;2-cm intervals and examined for intraparenchymal lesions. Representative sections of the umbilical cord, fetal membranes, placental parenchyma, and any abnormalities seen on gross examination are submitted for standard histological examination.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on the Amsterdam criteria, the histopathologic abnormalities assessed were divided into the following subcategories [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003col\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcute histologic chorioamnionitis with or without fetal inflammatory response.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic Villitis with or without obliterative fetal vasculopathy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) including maternal vascular lesions (decidual arteriopathy, mural hypertrophy, incomplete transformation of spiral arteries, and decidual necrosis), infarcts, hemorrhage or hematoma, thrombi, villous changes (chorangiosis, syncytial knots, distal villous hypoplasia, and accelerated villous maturation), and placental hypoplasia [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR28\" citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e] .\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eFetal vascular malperfusion (FVM).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther inflammatory lesions (chronic deciduitis with plasma cells, massive chronic intervillositis, perivillous fibrin, and histiocystic intervillositis), delayed villous maturation, and villous edema [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e] .\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/ol\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe presence of more than one of the defined placental lesions was classified as multiple placental pathologies. A representative set of placentas (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;30) were randomly chosen by a pediatric pathologist, who reassessed the histology while blinded to the placental reports, clinical history, and the outcomes. This was matched with the pathology reports and resulted in 93% concordance. The random review of 30 placentas was done to validate the initial pathologist\u0026rsquo;s reading.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eOutcome\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe severity of NEC was defined as infants without NEC, NEC treated medically, and those with NEC requiring surgery.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStatistical Methods\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor normally distributed continuous variables, we summarized the data as means with standard deviation (\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD), and comparisons between groups were performed using Student's t-test and ANOVA. For continuous data exhibiting skewed distribution, differences were tested using the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Walli\u0026rsquo;s test. Categorical data were summarized as counts with relative frequencies as percentages, and differences among the groups were analyzed using the Chi-squared test (\u003cem\u003eχ\u003c/em\u003e\u0026sup2; test) or Fisher's exact test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between antibiotic exposure and the severity of NEC. A 2-sided \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered statistically significant for all the analyses. All the statistical analyses were performed in R statistical software (version 4.03; The R Foundation for Statistical Computing).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eAntibiotics exposure following birth and NEC severity\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\"\u003e\n \u003ch3\u003eClinical information of infants receiving antibiotics\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;and \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3 days after birth:\u003c/h3\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\"\u003e\n \u003ch3\u003eAny NEC vs. Controls:\u003c/h3\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOne\u003c/strong\u003e hundred and three infants (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;103) were included in the analysis receiving antibiotics for less than three days. 33 (33/103, 32%) infants had any NEC (Medical or surgical NEC). Those with any NEC had significantly higher exposure to PIH (36.4% vs 13%, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.014) and stayed in NICU longer (26 days [6.75;69.8] vs. 73[41;126]; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) compared to controls.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOut of 33 cases of any NEC, 20/33 (60.6%) had medical NEC and 13/33 (39.3%) had surgical NEC.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedical NEC vs. Surgical NEC vs. controls\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInfants with surgical NEC had significantly lower birth weight, lower median gestational age, had higher morality and longer hospital stay compared to infants with medical NEC and the controls. The data are summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eand Table\u0026nbsp;2.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eInfants receiving\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3 days of antibiotics:\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eAny NEC vs Controls:\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOne\u003c/strong\u003e hundred and nine infants (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;109) were included in the analysis receiving antibiotics for more than three days. 64 (64/109,58.7%) infants had any NEC (Medical or surgical NEC). Those with any NEC had significantly lower median birth weight (735gm [630;1128] vs. 1020gm [780;1680]; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.010) and lower median gestational age (26.5 weeks [24.4;29.7] vs.28.6 weeks [25.4;32]; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.03) than controls. Those with any NEC were exposed to PIH (39.7% vs.4.5%; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) more frequently, were SGA (44.3% vs.17.3%; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.08) and had APGAR score less than 6 at 5 mins (35.5% vs 13.6%; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.022) more frequently than controls. Infants receiving antibiotics longer than 3 days after birth had significantly longer length of stay (103 days [64;163) vs. 73 days [30;97]; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) and the higher mortality (31.2% vs. 6.6%; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004) than controls.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOut of 64 cases of any NEC, 34/64 (53%) had medical NEC and the 30/64 (47%) cases had the surgical NEC.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eMedical NEC vs. Surgical NEC vs. controls:\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThose with surgical NEC and medical NEC had significantly lower birth weight, were SGA more frequently, exposed to PIH more frequently, lower APGAR scores less than 6 at 5 minutes, had longer length of stay and higher mortality compared to controls. The data is summarized in \u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;2.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe data are summarized in\u003c/strong\u003e Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eNEC features and antibiotic exposure duration in surgical NEC cohort:\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eForty-three infants with surgical NEC were included in the study. 13/43 (30.3%) infants received antibiotics\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;3days of antibiotics and 30/43(69.7%) received antibiotics\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3days. Those infants receiving antibiotics\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3 days had later median age of NEC onset (18.0 [9.25;34.0] vs. 5.00 [4.00;19.0]; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002), higher median CRP on the day of NEC onset (2.60 [1.10;6.00] vs. 0.70 [0.50;1.10]; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003) and longer post operative ileus days 16 days [12.5;21.0] vs. 7 days [7.00;12.0]; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.021) compared those receiving antibiotics\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;3days. The data has been summarized in \u003cstrong\u003esupplemental Table\u0026nbsp;1.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eMulti regression analysis:\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOn the multivariate regression analysis, Infants receiving antibiotics for \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3 days after birth had significantly higher adjusted odds of medical NEC (aOR 2.61,95% CI 1.35\u0026ndash;5.16; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005) and surgical NEC (aOR 3.33, CI 1.57\u0026ndash;7.40; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.02) than control group. In NEC cohort, those receiving antibiotics for \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3 days after birth had higher odds of mortality (OR 7.88,95% CI 1.99\u0026ndash;53.74; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.010) than those receiving antibiotics less than 3 days (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eand\u003c/strong\u003e Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eA).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003ePlacental lesions and Antibiotic exposure\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;3 days\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe data are summarized in Table \u003cspan\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. 103 infants were included in the analysis. Those with surgical NEC had higher exposure to acute histologic chorioamnionitis and chorioamnionitis with the fetal response (61.5% vs 11.4%) and the maternal vascular malformation and CFR (46.2% vs 4.3%) compared to controls. \u003cstrong\u003eThe data are summarized in\u003c/strong\u003e Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003ePlacental lesions and Antibiotic exposure\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3 days\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108 infants were included in the analysis. Infants receiving antibiotics more than 3 days had higher AHC\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;CFR lesions (26.7% vs 5.9%) and higher MVM\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;CFR lesions (20% vs. 5.9%) on the placental pathology in infants with surgical NEC compared to those with medical NEC. \u003cstrong\u003eThe data are summarized in\u003c/strong\u003e Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eThe association between placental lesions, antibiotic duration and NEC severity\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcute histologic Chorioamnionitis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64 infants with acute histologic chorioamnionitis were included in the analysis. 27/64 (42%) infants received antibiotics\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;3 days and 37/64 (58%) infants received antibiotics for more than 3 days. 19/64 (29.6%) had medical NEC and 21/64 (32.8%) had surgical NEC. Infants receiving antibiotics more than 3 days were more likely at risk of medical (79% vs 38%; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.021) and surgical NEC (62% vs. 38%; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.021).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eMaternal Vascular Malperfusion:\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134 infants with maternal vascular malperfusion were included in the analysis. 66/134 (49%) infants received antibiotics\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;3 days and 68/134 (51%) infants received antibiotics for more than 3 days. 43/134 (32%) had medical NEC and 21/64 (22.3%) had surgical NEC. Infants receiving antibiotics more than 3 days were more likely at risk of medical (60% vs 36%; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.007) and surgical NEC (67% vs. 36%; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.007).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe association between the infants with other placental lesions such as acute histologic chorioamnionitis with fetal response, SGA placenta, antibiotic duration and NEC severity is summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eOur study shows that infants receiving antibiotics for more than 3 days were likely associated with medical and surgical NEC than controls and were at higher odds of mortality compared to those receiving antibiotics less than 3 days. Those infants receiving antibiotics\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3 days had later median age of NEC onset, higher median CRP on the day of NEC onset and longer post operative ileus days compared to those receiving antibiotics\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;3days in surgical NEC cohort. On placental pathology, infants receiving any antibiotic exposure more than 3 days more likely had combination lesions of AHC\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;CFR and CFR\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;MVM and were more likely associated with surgical NEC.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMany reports have shown the association between the antibiotic exposure and the necrotizing enterocolitis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. While few reports have demonstrated an increased risk of NEC [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e], other studies have demonstrated seemingly contrary findings of decreased NEC with early antibiotics [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudies using animal models have also yielded differing findings of benefit vs. harm of early antibiotic exposure on subsequent NEC susceptibility [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR21\" citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe antibiotics\u0026rsquo; following birth is associated with increased risk of NEC due to changes in gut microbiome, intestinal epithelium maturation and the intestinal barrier function as shown in animal studies [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR32 CR33\" citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. A recent metanalysis by Pammi et al had shown that Microbial dysbiosis preceding NEC in preterm infants is characterized by increased relative abundances of Proteobacteria and decreased relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]. Microbiome optimization may provide a novel strategy for preventing NEC. However, a recent randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial failed to demonstrate that withholding 48 hours of standard intravenous antibiotics immediately after birth improved the microbiome or clinical outcomes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]. In our study, the infants with exposure to acute histologic chorioamnionitis and maternal vascular malformation and receiving antibiotics more than 3 days following birth were more likely associated with medical or surgical NEC. A systemic review noted that histological chorioamnionitis accompanied by a fetal response (funisitis and /or chorionic plate vasculitis) was associated with NEC [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Moore and colleagues [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e] also noted that infants with NEC (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;Bells stage II) had an increased risk of placental infarctions and histological chorioamnionitis compared to controls. Dix et al [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e] reported that the presence of placental fetal vascular obstructive lesions was associated with increased frequency of NEC in preterm infants, though differences in placental pathologic lesions associated with surgical and medical NEC were not examined. A recent meta-analysis[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e] of 33 relevant studies found clinical chorioamnionitis was significantly associated with NEC, but the overall association between histologic chorioamnionitis (HC) and NEC was not statistically significant. In contrast, sub-analysis of HC with fetal involvement was highly associated with NEC. A recently published case-control retrospective study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e] of infants\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;33 weeks gestational age or \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1500 grams birthweight evaluated placental pathology for FIR (Fetal inflammatory response) progression and severity defined according to Amsterdam classification. The authors found that both stage and grade of FIR were positively correlated with the stage of NEC (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). On multinomial logistic regression, stage III NEC was associated with high stage of FIR (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlacental inflammation with evidence of a fetal response may place the fetal intestine at greater risk of subsequent injury when exposed to NEC-related stimuli such as antibiotic exposure after birth \u0026ndash; a concept which supports the double hit hypothesis for surgical NEC [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. A fetal inflammatory response in the placenta is defined by the presence of neutrophils within the muscular walls of veins and/or arteries in the chorioamniotic plate and/or umbilical cord [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e]. This fetal placental response may be associated with a systemic inflammatory response with an exaggerated pro-inflammatory cytokine activation. Fibrin deposition in response to endothelial damage (vasculitis) in the placental vasculature may be the linking mechanism between chorioamnionitis, the fetal response, and the postnatal intestinal injury [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. Wolfs et al have recently reported that \u003cem\u003eIL-1α\u003c/em\u003e mediated chorioamnionitis induces depletion of FoxP3\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;cells and ileal inflammation in the ovine fetal gut [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e]. In another study by Wolf et al, reported that the distribution of the tight junctional protein ZO-1, the immune defense, and vascular function are all immature in the fetal intestines at lower gestational ages and are further compromised by endotoxin-induced chorioamnionitis in a sheep model [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e]. Yan et al has reported in a newborn mice model [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e] that prenatal inflammation increases the susceptibility to NEC, downregulates intestinal VEGFR2 signaling, and impairs the perinatal intestinal microvascular development via a TNF mechanism. Their data also suggest that alteration of intestinal microvascular development may be a key mechanism by which premature infants exposed to prenatal inflammation are at risk for NEC and preserving the VEGF/VEGF receptor 2 signaling pathway may help prevent NEC development.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo our knowledge, one of the few studies to report the combined exposure to the placental lesions, postnatal antibiotic exposure and with the severity of NEC in a predominantly African American population, using a uniform classification of placental pathologic lesions. Our study has shown the impact of antibiotics exposure on the NEC presentation and the postoperative outcomes in surgical NEC cohort.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur findings have few limitations: Our study was a single center and case-control study, and we cannot infer causality, and our findings may not be generalizable to other populations. We had a modest number of participants for our group comparisons. We may be underpowered to detect other associations between pathologic placental findings, antibiotic exposure following birth and NEC.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, our study demonstrates that that infants receiving antibiotics for longer duration (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3 days) were likely associated with necrotizing enterocolitis and were at higher odds of mortality. In our data, infants exposed to placental inflammatory and vascular lesions and antibiotics for more than 3 days following birth were likely associated with medical and surgical NEC supporting the double hit model. Prospective clinical, translational human and animal studies are greatly to fully understand the combined impact of placental lesions and postnatal antibiotic exposure on the neonatal morbidities and mortality to improve the outcomes. Optimizing antibiotic duration following birth is greatly needed to have developmentally appropriate gut maturation and adaptation.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003ePMG designed the study; PMG, RR, MAYA, AR, \u0026nbsp;KA, AS, WH, PPG analyzed THE COLLECTED DATA and wrote the manuscript. All the authors contributed to and approved the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eConflicts of interest:\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e The authors disclose no conflicts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eFunding:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003eDr. Parvesh Garg is partially supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number 5U54GM115428. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAcknowledgment\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e:\u003c/em\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eCategory of study:\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003eClinical science\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent:\u003c/strong\u003e Patient consent is not required as per IRB\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNeu, J. and W.A. Walker, \u003cem\u003eNecrotizing enterocolitis\u003c/em\u003e. N Engl J Med, 2011. 364(3): p. 255\u0026ndash;64.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSankaran, K., et al., \u003cem\u003eVariations in incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in Canadian neonatal intensive care units\u003c/em\u003e. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2004. 39(4): p. 366\u0026ndash;72.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMowitz, M.E., D. Dukhovny, and J.A.F. Zupancic, \u003cem\u003eThe cost of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants\u003c/em\u003e. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med, 2018. 23(6): p. 416\u0026ndash;419.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGanapathy, V., et al., \u003cem\u003eLong term healthcare costs of infants who survived neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a retrospective longitudinal study among infants enrolled in Texas Medicaid\u003c/em\u003e. BMC Pediatr, 2013. 13: p. 127.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKurscheid, T. and A.M. Holschneider, \u003cem\u003eNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)--mortality and long-term results\u003c/em\u003e. Eur J Pediatr Surg, 1993. 3(3): p. 139\u0026ndash;43.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGarzoni, L., C. Faure, and M.G. Frasch, \u003cem\u003eFetal cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and necrotizing enterocolitis: the brain-gut connection begins in utero\u003c/em\u003e. Front Integr Neurosci, 2013. 7: p. 57.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKeating, S.T. and A. El-Osta, \u003cem\u003eEpigenetics and metabolism\u003c/em\u003e. Circ Res, 2015. 116(4): p. 715\u0026ndash;36.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNelissen, E.C., et al., \u003cem\u003eEpigenetics and the placenta\u003c/em\u003e. Hum Reprod Update, 2011. 17(3): p. 397\u0026ndash;417.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDix, L., M. Roth-Kleiner, and M.C. Osterheld, \u003cem\u003ePlacental vascular obstructive lesions: risk factor for developing necrotizing enterocolitis.\u003c/em\u003e Patholog Res Int, 2010. 2010: p. 838917.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMoore, S.W., M. Arnold, and C. Wright, \u003cem\u003eNecrotizing enterocolitis and the placenta - a key etiological link\u003c/em\u003e. J Pediatr Surg, 2013. 48(2): p. 359\u0026ndash;62.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBeen, J.V., et al., \u003cem\u003eChorioamnionitis as a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis\u003c/em\u003e. J Pediatr, 2013. 162(2): p. 236\u0026thinsp;\u0026ndash;\u0026thinsp;42 e2.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGarg, P.M., et al., \u003cem\u003eAssociation of Placental Pathologic Findings with the Severity of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm infants - A Matched Case-Control Study\u003c/em\u003e. Fetal Pediatr Pathol, 2023. 42(2): p. 187\u0026ndash;197.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGarg, P.P., et al., \u003cem\u003ePlacenta and intestinal Injury in preterm infants\u003c/em\u003e. Am J Perinatol, 2024.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGarg, P.M., et al., \u003cem\u003eCorrelation of placental pathology with the postoperative outcomes and white matter injury in preterm infants following necrotizing enterocolitis\u003c/em\u003e. J Neonatal Perinatal Med, 2023. 16(1): p. 93\u0026ndash;103.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCuna, A., M.J. Morowitz, and V. Sampath, \u003cem\u003eEarly antibiotics and risk for necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants: A narrative review\u003c/em\u003e. Front Pediatr, 2023. 11: p. 1112812.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVatne, A., et al., \u003cem\u003eEarly Empirical Antibiotics and Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Infants Born Very Preterm: A Population-Based Cohort\u003c/em\u003e. J Pediatr, 2023. 253: p. 107\u0026ndash;114.e5.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCotten, C.M., et al., \u003cem\u003eProlonged duration of initial empirical antibiotic treatment is associated with increased rates of necrotizing enterocolitis and death for extremely low birth weight infants\u003c/em\u003e. Pediatrics, 2009. 123(1): p. 58\u0026ndash;66.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTing, J.Y., et al., \u003cem\u003eDuration of Initial Empirical Antibiotic Therapy and Outcomes in Very Low Birth Weight Infants\u003c/em\u003e. Pediatrics, 2019. 143(3).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDierikx, T.H., et al., \u003cem\u003eAssociation between duration of early empiric antibiotics and necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in preterm infants: a multicenter cohort study\u003c/em\u003e. Eur J Pediatr, 2022. 181(10): p. 3715\u0026ndash;3724.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eReyman, M., et al., \u003cem\u003eEffects of early-life antibiotics on the developing infant gut microbiome and resistome: a randomized trial\u003c/em\u003e. Nat Commun, 2022. 13(1): p. 893.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNguyen, D.N., et al., \u003cem\u003eOral antibiotics increase blood neutrophil maturation and reduce bacteremia and necrotizing enterocolitis in the immediate postnatal period of preterm pigs\u003c/em\u003e. Innate Immun, 2016. 22(1): p. 51\u0026ndash;62.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChaaban, H., et al., \u003cem\u003eEarly Antibiotic Exposure Alters Intestinal Development and Increases Susceptibility to Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Mechanistic Study\u003c/em\u003e. Microorganisms, 2022. 10(3).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKhong, T.Y., et al., \u003cem\u003eSampling and Definitions of Placental Lesions: Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group Consensus Statement\u003c/em\u003e. Arch Pathol Lab Med, 2016. 140(7): p. 698\u0026ndash;713.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBell, M.J., et al., \u003cem\u003eNeonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging\u003c/em\u003e. Ann Surg, 1978. 187(1): p. 1\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWoodward, L.J., et al., \u003cem\u003eNeonatal MRI to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants\u003c/em\u003e. N Engl J Med, 2006. 355(7): p. 685\u0026ndash;94.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePinar, H., et al., \u003cem\u003eReference values for singleton and twin placental weights\u003c/em\u003e. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med, 1996. 16(6): p. 901\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFitzgerald, B., J. Kingdom, and S. Keating, \u003cem\u003eDistal villous hypoplasia\u003c/em\u003e. Diagnostic Histopathology, 2012. 18(5): p. 195\u0026ndash;200.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eStevens, D., et al., \u003cem\u003eUnderstanding decidual vasculopathy and the link to preeclampsia: A review\u003c/em\u003e. Placenta, 2020. 97: p. 95\u0026ndash;100.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eErnst, L.M., \u003cem\u003eMaternal vascular malperfusion of the placental bed\u003c/em\u003e. Apmis, 2018. 126(7): p. 551\u0026ndash;560.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKelehan, P. and P. Downey, \u003cem\u003eVillous Oedema\u003c/em\u003e, in \u003cem\u003ePathology of the Placenta: A Practical Guide\u003c/em\u003e, T.Y. Khong, et al., Editors. 2019, Springer International Publishing: Cham. p. 153\u0026ndash;155.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhu, D., et al., \u003cem\u003eEffects of One-Week Empirical Antibiotic Therapy on the Early Development of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Preterm Infants\u003c/em\u003e. Sci Rep, 2017. 7(1): p. 8025.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGarcia, T.M., et al., \u003cem\u003eEarly Life Antibiotics Influence In Vivo and In Vitro Mouse Intestinal Epithelium Maturation and Functioning.\u003c/em\u003e Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2021. 12(3): p. 943\u0026ndash;981.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGreenwood, C., et al., \u003cem\u003eEarly empiric antibiotic use in preterm infants is associated with lower bacterial diversity and higher relative abundance of Enterobacter\u003c/em\u003e. J Pediatr, 2014. 165(1): p. 23\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSchumann, A., et al., \u003cem\u003eNeonatal antibiotic treatment alters gastrointestinal tract developmental gene expression and intestinal barrier transcriptome\u003c/em\u003e. Physiol Genomics, 2005. 23(2): p. 235\u0026ndash;45.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePammi, M., et al., \u003cem\u003eIntestinal dysbiosis in preterm infants preceding necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis\u003c/em\u003e. Microbiome, 2017. 5(1): p. 31.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKim, C.S., et al., \u003cem\u003eEffect of Antibiotic Use Within First 48 Hours of Life on the Preterm Infant Microbiome: A Randomized Clinical Trial\u003c/em\u003e. JAMA Pediatr, 2021. 175(3): p. 303\u0026ndash;305.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBeen, J.V., et al., \u003cem\u003eChorioamnionitis as a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis\u003c/em\u003e. J Pediatr, 2013. 162(2): p. 236\u0026thinsp;\u0026ndash;\u0026thinsp;42.e2.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMir, I.N., et al., \u003cem\u003eImpact of fetal inflammatory response on the severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants\u003c/em\u003e. Pediatr Res, 2024. 95(5): p. 1308\u0026ndash;1315.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRedline, R.W., et al., \u003cem\u003ePlacental diagnostic criteria and clinical correlation\u0026ndash;a workshop report\u003c/em\u003e. Placenta, 2005. 26 Suppl A: p. S114-7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRedline, R.W., et al., \u003cem\u003ePlacental lesions as predictors of cerebral palsy and abnormal neurocognitive function at school age in extremely low birth weight infants (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1 kg)\u003c/em\u003e. Pediatr Dev Pathol, 2007. 10(4): p. 282\u0026ndash;92.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDucey, J., et al., \u003cem\u003eVasculitis as part of the fetal response to acute chorioamnionitis likely plays a role in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation in premature neonates\u003c/em\u003e. Eur J Pediatr Surg, 2015. 25(3): p. 284\u0026ndash;91.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDammann, O., et al., \u003cem\u003eFetal vasculitis in preterm newborns: interrelationships, modifiers, and antecedents\u003c/em\u003e. Placenta, 2004. 25(10): p. 788\u0026ndash;96.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWolfs, T.G., et al., \u003cem\u003eIL-1α mediated chorioamnionitis induces depletion of FoxP3\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;cells and ileal inflammation in the ovine fetal gut\u003c/em\u003e. PLoS One, 2011. 6(3): p. e18355.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWolfs, T.G., et al., \u003cem\u003eEndotoxin induced chorioamnionitis prevents intestinal development during gestation in fetal sheep\u003c/em\u003e. PLoS One, 2009. 4(6): p. e5837.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYan, X., et al., \u003cem\u003ePrenatal inflammation impairs intestinal microvascular development through a TNF-dependent mechanism and predisposes newborn mice to necrotizing enterocolitis\u003c/em\u003e. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2019. 317(1): p. G57-g66.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1: Clinical information in controls and infants with any NEC\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"943\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;=\u0026lt;3days antibiotics\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\u0026gt;3 days antibiotics\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[ALL]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=103\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAny NEC N=33\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControl\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=70\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[ALL]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=109\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAny NEC N=64\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControl\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=45\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003egender\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.509\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.706\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFemale\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47 (45.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (39.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34 (48.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57 (52.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (50.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (55.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (54.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (60.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (51.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52 (47.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (50.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (44.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eethnicity:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.388\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAfrican American\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70 (68.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (69.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47 (68.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81 (75.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50 (80.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (68.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaucasian\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29 (28.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (27.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (29.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (15.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (12.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (20.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.94%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (3.03%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (2.90%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (8.41%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (6.45%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (11.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebirthweight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1150 [735;1617]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1140 [680;1540]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1185 [781;1620]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.373\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e875 [650;1470]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e735 [630;1128]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1020 [780;1680]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.010\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003egestational age\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.1 [25.6;31.6]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.2 [25.1;31.1]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.1 [25.7;32.2]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.567\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.0 [25.0;31.1]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.5 [24.4;29.7]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6 [25.4;32.0]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.037\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMode of Delivery\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.326\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC-Section\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73 (70.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (78.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47 (67.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80 (74.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51 (79.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29 (65.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVaginal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (29.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (21.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (32.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (25.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (20.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (34.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChronic Hypertension\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.297\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.442\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79 (77.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (69.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (81.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83 (77.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51 (81.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (72.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (22.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (30.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (18.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (22.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (19.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (27.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSGA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.008\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84 (82.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (72.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60 (87.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71 (67.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34 (55.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (82.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (17.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (27.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (13.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (33.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (44.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (17.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePIH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.014\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81 (79.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (63.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60 (87.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80 (74.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38 (60.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42 (95.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (20.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (36.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (13.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (25.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (39.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (4.55%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003echorioamnionitis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.488\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87 (86.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29 (87.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58 (85.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94 (87.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57 (90.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (84.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (13.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (12.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (14.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (12.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (9.52%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (15.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eantenatal steroids:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.519\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (19.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (25.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (16.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (23.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (29.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (14.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73 (80.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (75.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49 (83.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78 (76.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43 (70.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (85.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApgar \u0026lt;6 @5 minutes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.288\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.022\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83 (83.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (90.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53 (80.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78 (73.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 (64.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38 (86.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (16.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (9.09%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (19.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (26.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (35.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (13.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edisposition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.065\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.004\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlive\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84 (82.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (93.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53 (76.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86 (78.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44 (68.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42 (93.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDead\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (17.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (6.06%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (23.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (21.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (31.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (6.67%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.8752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLength of stay\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.0 [17.0;89.0]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.0 [41.0;126]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.0 [6.75;69.8]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 12.7544%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.0 [44.5;124]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.905%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103 [64.0;163]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.0258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.0 [30.0;97.0]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.3772%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2: Clinical information for infants receiving antibiotics less than and more than 3 days\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"1153\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 460px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibiotics =\u0026lt; 3days\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 35.8209%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibiotics \u0026gt;3days\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[ALL] N=103\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedical NEC N=20\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurgical NEC N=13\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControl N=70\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[ALL] N=109\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedical NEC N=34\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurgical NEC N=30\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControl N=45\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (54.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (60.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (61.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (51.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.681\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52 (47.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (52.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (46.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (44.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eethnicity:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.952\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.784\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAfrican American\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70 (68.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (70.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (69.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47 (68.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81 (75.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (81.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (79.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (68.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaucasian\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29 (28.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (25.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (30.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (29.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (15.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (12.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (13.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (20.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.94%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (5.00%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (2.90%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (8.41%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (6.06%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (6.90%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (11.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBirth Weight in grams\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1150 [735;1617]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1415 [1008;1694]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e710 [560;990]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1185 [781;1620]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.016\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e875 [650;1470]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e860 [652;1315]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e700 [592;942]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1020 [780;1680]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.012\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGestational age in weeks\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.1 [25.6;31.6]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.3 [28.1;31.7]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.0 [24.3;27.0]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.1 [25.7;32.2]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.009\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.0 [25.0;31.1]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.2 [24.7;30.5]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.4 [24.2;28.9]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6 [25.4;32.0]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.062\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC-Section\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73 (70.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (80.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (76.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47 (67.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80 (74.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (88.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (70.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29 (65.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.069\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChronic Hypertension\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (22.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (25.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (38.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (18.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.242\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (22.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (17.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (20.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (27.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.580\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSGA\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (17.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (30.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (23.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (13.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (33.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (38.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (50.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (17.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.011\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePIH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (20.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (40.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (30.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (13.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.021\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (25.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (38.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (41.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (4.55%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChorioamnionitis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (13.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (15.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (7.69%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (14.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.915\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (12.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (8.82%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (10.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (15.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.702\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eantenatal steroids:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73 (80.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (80.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (66.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49 (83.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.360\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78 (76.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (70.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (70.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (85.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApgar \u0026lt;6 @ 5 mins\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (16.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (5.00%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (15.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (19.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.376\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (26.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (27.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (44.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (13.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.012\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMortality\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (17.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.00%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (15.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (23.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.035\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (21.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (23.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (40.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (6.67%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.002\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLength of stay in days\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.0 [17.0;89.0]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 135px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.0 [38.2;77.0]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121 [94.0;175]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.0 [6.75;69.8]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.7214%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.9552%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.0 [44.5;124]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.0 [48.0;119]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e148 [88.8;184]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.0 [30.0;97.0]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3 : Clinical information in medical and surgical NEC cohort\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"1007\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 35.422%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedical NEC\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 33.4094%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurgical NEC\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[ALL] \u0026nbsp; N=54\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e=\u0026lt;3 \u0026nbsp; N=20\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026gt;3 \u0026nbsp; N=34\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[ALL] \u0026nbsp; N=43\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e=\u0026lt;3 \u0026nbsp; N=13\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026gt;3 \u0026nbsp; N=30\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Male\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;30 (55.6%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;12 (60.0%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;18 (52.9%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;22 (51.2%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;8 (61.5%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;14 (46.7%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthnicity\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 0.371 \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; African American\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;41 (77.4%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;14 (70.0%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;27 (81.8%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;32 (76.2%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;9 (69.2%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;23 (79.3%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Caucasian\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;9 (17.0%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;5 (25.0%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;4 (12.1%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;8 (19.0%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;4 (30.8%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;4 (13.8%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Other\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;3 (5.66%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;1 (5.00%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;2 (6.06%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;2 (4.76%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;0 (0.00%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;2 (6.90%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBirth weight\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;995 [692;1635]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1415 [1008;1694]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;860 [652;1315]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;710 [570;970] \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;710 [560;990] \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;700 [592;942] \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 0.979 \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGestational age\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.4 [25.4;31.2]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.3 [28.1;31.7]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.2 [24.7;30.5]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.0 [24.2;28.4]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.0 [24.3;27.0]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.4 [24.2;28.9]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 0.731 \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; C-Section\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;46 (85.2%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;16 (80.0%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;30 (88.2%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;31 (72.1%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;10 (76.9%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;21 (70.0%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChronic hypertension\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;11 (20.4%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;5 (25.0%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;6 (17.6%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;11 (26.2%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;5 (38.5%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;6 (20.7%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 0.270 \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSmall of gestational age\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;18 (35.3%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;6 (30.0%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;12 (38.7%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;18 (41.9%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;3 (23.1%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;15 (50.0%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 0.191 \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePregnancy induced Hypertension\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;21 (38.9%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;8 (40.0%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;13 (38.2%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;16 (38.1%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;4 (30.8%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;12 (41.4%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 0.733 \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003echorioamnionitis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;6 (11.1%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;3 (15.0%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;3 (8.82%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;4 (9.52%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;1 (7.69%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;3 (10.3%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 1.000 \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntenatal steroids\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;40 (74.1%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;16 (80.0%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;24 (70.6%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;27 (69.2%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;8 (66.7%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;19 (70.4%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 1.000 \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApgar \u0026lt;6 at 5 minutes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;10 (18.9%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;1 (5.00%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;9 (27.3%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;15 (35.7%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;2 (15.4%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;13 (44.8%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 0.089 \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisposition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 0.164 \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Alive\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;46 (85.2%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;20 (100%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;26 (76.5%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;29 (67.4%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;11 (84.6%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;18 (60.0%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Dead\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;8 (14.8%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;0 (0.00%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;8 (23.5%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;14 (32.6%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;2 (15.4%) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;12 (40.0%) \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 18.2477%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elength of stay\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.0 [40.0;103]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 12.344%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.0 [38.2;77.0]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.539%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.0 [48.0;119]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;128 [89.5;183]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;121 [94.0;175]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 11.1365%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;148 [88.8;184]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 6.0378%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 0.958 \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4: Association between antibiotic duration (\u0026gt;3 days vs =\u0026lt; 3 days) and severity of NEC using binary\u0026nbsp;logistic regression.\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAA7QAAAEyCAYAAADKsZxCAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAAFiUAABYlAUlSJPAAAGiKSURBVHhe7d3tixxV/vD/9vdcTeI+Ei8JicJXdFHcGMWNCwlostEHXqx+o66IoKhxRXB31Tgqy+JtXK8VxNUoBkSuNboKXsjGmwgKO/nKektkFRdMRFzxUaJG/4D59fukPpMzlaru6p6e6e6Z9wtqTk919ambrlPnfKpOVR811dbq4KijjipeSZIkSZI0HFWh6/9XpB11iXklDZHlU5Kk/liHSuOv0RVaC7s0miyf0mizjEqjy/IpjZe6MtvoCq0kSZIkSaPGgFaSJEmSNJYMaCVJkiRJY8mAVpIkSZI0lgxoJUmSJEljyYBWkiRJkjSWDGglSZIkLXhPPvlk+umXZcuWFWO0EIx9QLthwwZ3Sklj6/nnn0/HMSrYGPif8WUPPfTQjOliOOuss1qvvvpqMZW0+Ozevbt12WWXTZeJk046KZWX3Mcffzyj3OQDZS4cOHCgdeONN06/x+sqMQ3z7oY8WR7KauTL63wZ8/ItLSR5eYqBMsp4ysZ8evnll1O6cuXKlGqBmOoin2Tfvn1TS5cuTePyYf369VM7d+4spppfzDtfRrCMDNJCV973NT72798/tWrVqhnH0vIwMTFRTH1IHO/qhmEdh1WP70Vza8eOHUeUhRh4L2zdurVyGoZt27YVU1WXs3LZ2rx5cxqf519nz549lW2nGCYnJ9N0MV+OC5ofbG/NvXx/Lw/zvb9HWaQMa/zw3VXp6QrtN9980/ruu+/SWY12xZCG9g7Reu+991oXXnhhuow/7rjam5+plaRB44w0x5kPPvgg/c+xtB3gcpRutRu3rXaFm8bff//9M85ec6zFpk2b0rQMfDY8++yzxStpcfjiiy9al19+eXpNe4RyxBBXX5555pmU4qOPPkopZSbKTwzXX399eo+ruG+88Ub6PPlE+frkk09SCq4qPfHEE612MJuuCndCfmvXrk1tJ8p1O3Cenmc7SE7zWbNmTZqW+YIrt9JCQRkIsf9TttqBbBpHPZhPM5eoTymLOP3001OqhaGvLsd0E7jtttvS8Pjjj7fefvvtNP6GG25Ilcuwffvtt2noR+zokjRXtm/fPh3M0ijmWHrcccel/2ncPvDAA+k1Pvvss5RybI3j05lnnplSnHvuucUrafF5+OGHU0qweM8996RyxEA7pWzfvn0pPe2001JaJYLK6667LuVz8ODB9H98ppdgFrfffvt0uX3llVemA2ds3LixtXfv3vQ6b9AvX768eCWNv6jDcOqpp6aUsnXppZem1/Opalm0MAzkHlrOcnDFAP/+979TKkmLDY3S/D4+XnNva/wPzhA/+OCD6fX69esrG8VVFW1+bM2D2B9++KF41UpXgqTFJE6ir169evqkUJ04ifRf//VfKe2EAJaySvAKPhPBLFdtmwSz3FsbATJXj+NKbJW8oe1JKi0k//rXv4pXh07YhrfeeiulnIyqulpa9/AmylXUqXH/epO6F++8807x6vCyxOco3znmy/j8HnmOCdzrzgmzyJvPz9cVZtUb2EOh4orBf/7zn5SCL5ovnoebxI6RP+iklx2DSivfWemuV7cD8V7Vg6LYucsPZIgHqbAjMw5UQDEN88yx/HkeLDvrwLrk4uEOjGd5YlpJCxPHIwLKF154oRjTSq+5HQMEr3jzzTenr9hcffXVKS3Lg9SQd3k85ZRTUkpFe+WVV6bXNAouueSS9FpabLjSGfUw9Xp0z1+yZElK80Yp3Xzz+jt37LHHppRy+5Of/CSVVU7Y06uCYJbAlB4VTTz33HPFq9aMK7NV8kZ/lG9pIfjwww9TGl2Mo+0fJ3u2bNmS0rL/9b/+V0opg3l7P8pVdNdvWvcibjuIZcGuXbtSmveM4HgR9fTxxx+f0mjP0+sienuAeTH/chyg+TWwgDZ2kvKVhRdffDHd30JgODExUYyduWNccMEF6YwnFQU7FjtG3nWZadn52GmYhmkZx3RRaZXFjhgoPOzcjOfzDLyOHf6KK65I40AhiWmuuuqqNA4EvaxLngeNSNaBdanamRlPRcu0eQGStLBE10KOCXv27En3CXG/UPjZz36W0n/84x8pxfnnn1+8mikPXo8++uiUxtls0NCmQX7eeeeleXLM4taPbleopIVmxYoVKaWBGeUi6nrEyfZPP/00pTk+Q7m98847izGtdFIoepyBNgdtDe5n5/UvfvGL6ZPwpHUn1hEN5borULlo9FOWLcdaSCJwpYcE5YZySrkDwWbdCaJjjjmmeNVq/fjjjymlnR0XxrgtAE3rXkQvjbhPPb+VJ+8ZEccL8oxjzK9//ev0eY4DHDuYT8Q15PH111+n1xqS9hfSUT4JT+Ljf57El+MJfoxvH4iLMYcwjiF/emBoB3jpvfITAiOv9g5TjDk8LWkuxjPkWL583P79+9P/LB+vc+X5M115/RDr3g5Kj8ijXfml9/L1jGWrmqc0KOxjGr44bjHkx5R8fDwlNY5PDHU4zvB+uzItxhx+MmN58Bgz2viONHfY92kv5OUhL2OUwSpRpzPk5ayM8sw0zIMyHJ+Jgfq/TkxT1aYoi/LdKT8NHttccyevA/OBMlFuf1eJ6aP9H+WR8kLZ76XuZfoYF+31vEzn9Wi066Ps1q1HDE3KuAaD7V2lryu0XHHkiicDVy3POOOMND5/mmDgqmRVVxuu3OKEE05Il/ZjiLMw77//fkoR015zzTUpDZzVaXLVky5+iIc85MpdiutEF4c//vGPR+Rxxx13pDR+2yr36KOPerZVWuDiDDTyY0p+X1yT+/bAGeM4ixx55WeR2xU7R/P0UBpwpvjPf/5zei0tNtSvPJySMsFA+ySuqLSD29oro53uZw1cCaJXFldkmMfNN9+cxlP22o3f9Pr7779P6Wzk5Tt/4Js07vI6kCf4Rzl9/fXXG7e/EQ9nu+uuu1JKN2XKfi91bz4uepNGbyiOFXlbPergdevWpTSfT2gH1ekKM8cD1kfD1VdAG910GDjgc7Dfs2dPZQVRF8zFzkKXufIA5hFi2qq86vLPffXVVymdzYMWogv02WefndJcVJjxtMJc3mVC0uJB16iofKn4opGdq7pNIX8wxe9///uUVj0QisqbShj5vUPSYkYX4HiQ06233prSKlGng9ueysrBLGWVdglljrKXN467qbs1KtQ98E0ad3UPhGqKgBF0yeciGmWQ+rR8gStXV/dWPRAqbuXJn3HDw6giBomnm8d0LE8E5fyaSq+BueZOXwFt+QvlYN/t/pA6nLGpGuKngCRpnNBQZuB+m6gU8wZznPHF3XffPd2wpiFOxRhngrkHKCriqgdCIXqo5CcApcWCXl35Paw8DIr7XZH3DuNZFjSG4wQSn8vvk73pppuKV4dEMEsetG8QAWw0fB977LGU/u///b9TWiXmwdVXTlTF/Flm/meZUFe+pXFXfiBUr+Khblwwil8H4Gftqi5mdat7qx4IFSebomwSzPITpCGu7sZyMH3U2Rox7aC0o3ySdqDZU1/xTtNyn0uD2SftnS9Nm/dvD/Fejnnm4+grz//le3CrMF3VMkd/+uiLn4u+9fm9L3EPLdtMmivsYxq+uK8nH7jHJ45z+bGH41gct+qG8rEqjmnkl4vjDIPHmtHEd6O5EeWiPFC+8vZC1TQx5PfdIerzch68Ln+WMt5uOBdTHIm8mKb8uRjK99WXy7fmHttdcyf2de5B70dexzGU2+e91L1R7+bLUlUXx2fJJ1TNJ4aqmEFzh21eZWBPOe5VnDWJM5Q5zl5yBjXE08heeumllAbOcEZ35E7iSaJPPfXU9FmYEE9LC+0duLJ70MUXX5xS7okt42wRYhpJiwtXVvOnuHNlhl4mcZa4XeGlFJxZppsS07crzmLsoXt46N7IZ8pPfYzbGdqVb0pDnq9PWNRiQ2+HvAxRPujZQPnKr+BQpihb1O8g5X96g+XdBbnywhVe8innwWvulYs8mIYyXnUrQaDnGm2UfN6g3JLXxo0b0/915VsaZ/mVTJ4O3o8TTzyxeHWojvzrX/9a/HdIL3VvxAt5j9Knn356+hhC2g6Ap58HlF/dZT4cW/IySpkm/+jerOE6iqi2eF2JR2zHJASZ3OPKF9jkBmg+WzctgeXJJ5+cuuIwTXTDo0sA94Ox40R3IQoFOxHTUjHwW1EEp3R35vdm2XHz1aB7Ed328nE8lp/H7rPDxqO+edgUO3g+HTst86dQxMMZonFJYM30eR4sR1SW0TUJBOrcY0yF2c99A1ITefmUNHoso9LosnxK46WuzPZ0hTZ+DzH6kjdRNy1nOz///PMUCHJ2Mh4yxRMDOXOZPxmZM6CccSHw5WEPTEeAS3BJmp/5DOVx9913XzrzgphXnHHN8cRi5kNQyzTxI+sgMC/nwXzIIw9mc7HNJEmSJEmD1dMVWkmjxfIpjTbLqDS6LJ/SeBnIFVpJkiRJkkaFAa0kSZIkaSwZ0EqSJEmSxpIBrSRJkiRpLPlQKGmMRfkklSRJvbEOlcZLVVxqQCuNMcunNNoso9LosnxK46WuzNrlWJIkSZI0lhpdoZUkSZIkaZiqQle7HEtjzPIpSZKkxaCu3ds4oPVKrTSaLJ+SJElaDGYV0EoaPZZPSZIkLQZ17V4fCiVJkiRJGksGtJIkSZKksWRAK0mSJEkaSwa0kiRJkqSxZEArSZIkSRpLBrSSJEmSpLFkQCtJkiRJGksGtJIkSZKksdRTQPvFF1+0li1bln7U9sYbbyzGzvTkk0+m93fv3l2MOeSkk05K46uGyy67rJhqJvI666yzpqcjD+ZbzrvK888/P+OzLDfzYR3Gwccff9xx20iSJEnSYtdTQPvNN9+0vvvuu/T6iSeeqAwsDx48WLyaad++fSndunXrEcNVV12V3gsHDhxIwegNN9yQ5hfTXXDBBSlQPe+884opqz300EOtyy+/fMZnCQw/+OCDtA7jjPUg0JUkSZKkxe6oqbbidSWCp5iEAJZgcv369a033ngjpa+//np6LxBM3n777a3JycnWmjVrirGH8kGX2SUbNmxI+W/evLn1+OOPF2MPI6jtdOWSq7H4/PPPW8cdd1x6vVDEtmmyHbXw5eVTkiRJWqjq2r193UO7bt266aCW4HKQCJrJd+XKlZXBLDoFs3TV5crs6tWrF1wwK0mSJEk6rO+HQkWwedddd6V0UJ577rmU3nvvvSnt1emnn55SgmKC2264p5b7cuPeYFL+p9tzoPsz4/NxgSvSfC7vft0kT3C1lYHljHuMmS7wfwTvnDjgf9YLvI68EfcLV90jXLWMkiRJkjTu+g5oV6xYkboEc28sD28alPfffz+lp5xySkr7MTExkdK1a9emYK4qEAWB5KpVq1KwyLrEfbrcH0ygGS699NJ01fell14qxhz21FNPtZYuXTrdvbppnmHv3r1pOQlomZa8ct9//31KueLM+1y5Bq8ZHnjggfT/tddem9I333wzpbnyMkqSJEnSgjDVRT7J5ORk+r8dSKX/28HsVDtQSsP+/fvTON5jGqbNMS4+mw/btm0rpjgkpputdlA7nRfLx7xiGcP69evTe3v27CnGHMIy8bkdO3ak/1lP/m8Hqun/wOcY3w5cizHN8wTTMm7Tpk3FmJl4j2ly8ZmyumWM74ztoYWnal+QJEmSFpq6dm/fV2jBVdotW7akq5fbt28vxnbGA6Py4Y477ijeGaz77rsvXT3mKinLx7zOPvvs6S65XLWNe3V//PHH1B03hvCvf/0rpaxnO5BMT0nOu/TGlenrr78+pb3kmfvLX/5SvOofy9gOjNMy5l2towv3f//3f6dUkiRJkhaKWQW0uOaaa1J3VgLGqvs3y9pB9Izh22+/Ld45JLrUNsmrG4I87vUlsKUbMGnco/rZZ5+llACQJzfnAz8XBKYPV199dUrzbsd0K2Z5477dXvMMg3p41cUXX5zSv/3tbylFeRklSZIkaaGYdUBLMBYPiHr44YdTOhsEnnjvvfdSOggEtvHzQvFQpcD8+ImhquH+++8vpmq1zj///BS4cz8qXn311XTl99Zbb03/55rmOWg8QIplfOGFF9L/nZZRkiRJksbdrANaEEhxFZAHH3355ZfF2P7EVcZnnnkmpYNSvgp6/PHHp5TxPCypaiAQDkzHenKFlS69f//739N4At3Qa55zIR7URTBbtYySJEmStFAMJKBFBKC7du1Kab8iOOZKKk8orkI32jp8puoncuI+Vu6FBYFlzCe/xzUQEJa7PV900UUppUsvy8A9q3mA2k+evVqyZElK8/tkc3Gv7LPPPlu5jJIkSZK0UBw1xY2sHfD7pTEJQRr3g27durV12223pXE5fpYmuvTSvZYrkoF8wGfLTjzxxOnfWwXBGj9lQ3dZAsTrrrsujefqLwEzVyDrFpug8cILL0xdb8lz+fLl6XNcPWbc22+/PX0/aawPuLLJtHjxxRfTfbB79uw54t5Tfl4n7oPdsWPHjOVGL3nG9qpbF7YZAXh0lwYPouJ+XLo183NCrFt0+Q78Ji3zQtUyauHIy6ckSZK0UNW2e9sjO8oniZ+p4SdwqvB+O2hM05R/tqYdmKbxVUP5p2nAT+zwUzP553jNT+S0g+Viqmq8z0/hxLKQ8rl2IFpMcRjLWZ6W/+vmwbrHdHWa5sl6d8qHz/K5HNuFdeG9qvfBTwN1W0YtDHzPkiRJ0kJX1+7t6QqtxkNcJeYKcfnqrRYWy6ckSZIWg7p278DuodXoiN+ejXt+JUmSJGkh8grtAsPDsE4++eTWsmXLWnv37i3GaqGyfEqSJGkx8ArtIvHuu++mh2nFg7QkSZIkaaHyCq00xiyfkiRJWgy8QitJkiRJWlAMaCVJkiRJY8mAVpIkSZI0lhrfQ0sqafRYPiVJkrQY9H0PrY1laXRZPiVJkrRY+ZRjaYxZPqXRZhmVRpflUxovdWXWLsfSmLN8SpLUH+tQabxUha5eoZXGmOVTGm2WUWl0WT6l8VJXZn3KsSRJkiRpLBnQSpIkSZLGkgGtJEmSJGksGdBKkiRJksaSAa0kSZIkaSwZ0EqSJEmSxpIBrSRJkiRpLBnQas7xm1GXXXZZ8Z+kfjz//POtk046KZUn0i+++KJ4R5IkafEyoB2CAwcOtO68887pxinDWWedlcYt1Ebq999/X7ySFqYbb7xxujzHsGzZsjT+448/LqbqD5+//PLL0+utW7e2LrjggtaPP/6Y/pckSVrMjppqK15XolHWZRL1gIbp2rVrW999911r/fr1rXXr1qXxH330UeuFF15I415//fU0bi49+eSTrRtuuKE1OTnZWrNmTTF2brAPzdd6LTaWz9GxYcOG1htvvNHavHlza/ny5WncW2+9lcYtXbq09fbbb7dOP/30NL5XDz30UOv2229v7dy5s7Vx48ZirMaBZVQaXZZPabzUlVmv0M4jrsxGMLtjx44U4N12221poDvh/v37WzfffHMx9dw6ePBg8UrSIF1xxRXT5ZoyzhVVyjwnkfr15ZdfpvSYY45JqSRJkg4xoJ1H27dvTw1bruBU3VN63HHHefVFWmDOPffclM7mdgLvl5UkSapmQDuPnnrqqZT+/ve/T2kTu3fvTsEvl9gZ4p68cgOX6XiflCtB+cNj6K4Y+Bzj6b6I8847bzrvuM8vz4v7ennNfPP7AJsul7TY/fDDDyldsmRJSnPlclQur1EW6baMKK+UNUmSJBnQzhu6G+/bty/dS7dixYpibGd0Q6YBu2vXrtbExMT0w2CeeOKJ1qpVqyofNHPLLbeke2OZjum//fbbFLySF5g347mnFVwt5n+GE044IY0L5MW8mHd+Rbmf5ZIWo1dffbV15ZVXptc33XRTSkOUow8++GC6DHJ8oLxyIgnHH398Gr9y5cr0f5TXiy66KP0vSZK06E110WASNTA5OZm2ZTuQLMZ0tn///ql24zYNe/bsKcYesm3btpTXpk2bijGH8y9Pz2vGtwPNYswh7UZxGs/nyiIvhvK8e10uMK7peqs3bFuNBvbxKDf5QNkrl7MoR7zH6xzlh8/t27evGHM476ryqtHG9yZpNFk+pfFSV2a9Qjui3nzzzen7bctPRr3++uvTlRyeily2ZcuWGdPzmqumXAXqFVdfy/Pud7mkxSKuokYvCJxyyinFq0PefffdVI74ua7PPvssdS2Oge77+Pe//51SSZIk1TOgnSd0HcTevXtT2s1XX32V0p///OcpLVu9enVKm9yzysOm+nHssccWrw4b5HJJC1E85TiecMzJpLvvvrt495BPPvkkpXTTp9txPjAO//nPf1IqSZKkega084R7V7l6yX20BnvS4kBgy/2vBKncR1/G1dzJycnK4ZJLLimmkiRJUh0D2nkUD1Z66aWXUtpJXB39n//5n5SWvffeez09YGpQRnW5pFG1adOmlObl/sQTT0zp8uXLW2vWrKkc+u1ZIUmStJgY0M6j+LkenmLKvXJlXMHhqag4//zzU1p1ZYef5eH+u/zJw72KwPTTTz9NaVNzvVzSQnPNNdek9E9/+lNKEV3zH3zwwcort5SlJniiOD/js2HDhmKMJEnS4mJAO4+4arljx470mnvlaITym5MMBIEnn3xy69FHH03vMy0PZSJAZDw/48F0fIaf5eFBT/fcc0+ath/nnHNOSu+4446Ub9PfkJ3r5ZIWGsoM5YLbDeJEFuO4v7Zcjkj5LVrKZRM//vhjSuN3aiVJkhYbA9p5RuC6Z8+edO8c3XO5WstAY5dxjz/+eDFlq3XfffelAJh78O6///40HQ+VoiHMA2equiRWPcgJdAPO8YRi8gH58puy5c/W5dXPci1ZsqR4JS1MsY8fffTRKc397ne/S+k777yTUnB/7c6dO9PV2ihHPCGc33QuP5W8Lu/4P3+isiRJ0mJyFL/dU7yuRHe2LpNIGhLLpzTaLKPS6LJ8SuOlrsx6hVaSJEmSNJYMaCVJkiRJY8mAVpIkSZI0lgxoJUmSJEljyYBWkiRJkjSWDGglSZIkSWPJgFaSJEmSNJYa/Q6tJEmSJEnD5O/QSpIkSZIWjEYBbZeLuJKGyPIpSVJ/rEOl8deoy7GFXRpNlk9ptFlGpdFl+ZTGS12ZtcuxJEmSJGksGdBKkiRJksaSAa0kSZIkaSwZ0EqSJEmSxpIBrSRJkiRpLBnQSpIkSZLGkgGtJEmSJGksGdDqCLt3706/8/Tkk08WYyRJkiRp9BjQVvjiiy9aN954Y2vZsmUpsGM466yzRiLAYxnmK9g8ePBg8aoa2ym2EdurSiwvQXLupJNOmt625eGyyy4rpjrswIEDrTvvvHPG5/hOGMdySMP28ccfp3033z/L+30TveYzqPlKw8Z+S13y0EMPFWN6R12R190xlOuVV1999YhpysPzzz9fTN3doPPLUcZZp07bhflT9pkP9aQnpDUO8vqLfZw2HWW4V73m08v05TqW8jWbY5TmhgFtCTv0qlWrWk888UTagbdu3ZqG4447rvXyyy8XUwnffPNN67vvvkuv2V5Vjei6oHjfvn0pje2bD1dddVV6L3AwOfnkk1v3339/OpDEdCtXrkzj6oJpab6w769duzbtk+ybHEM++OCD1nnnnZf236Z6zWdQ85WGif2YBiX7LXXJbGzfvn26XsrddNNNxatD/v73vxev6p1//vnFq+4GnV/u2muvrVynQPB64YUXpummpqZazzzzTOuOO+6wbtRIi/qLgHL//v2p7tq1a1drw4YNPQW1vebTy/RMe8YZZ6Rp1q9fn+pa2q+33357ihE0QtoHv44aTLKgbNu2La1zu3FYjFl8JicnG22DmK5dyKfTMvLgPabNMY6hm/bBZmrp0qVp2h07dhRjD+P9nTt3Fv8tPk22oebepk2b0r6YYxzfz+bNm4sx3fWaz6Dmq7ljGW1uYmIiba9+61/KQrvBeUSZKOP9VatWHVEvBcoO5aipQeeXY5tEHVi1XaIeLpf3qHsXc/3YhOVzOCgz7NeU11zsz+z3TfSaT6/TU67Lbc+IExiq2qWaW2z3Kl6hLXn77bdTeu6556ZU3a1bty6duXrjjTf67lJVJ862tyvryrNhXDnfuHFj8Z80/zijS08B9sVcXBH69ttvU9pNr/kMar7SqPjpT39avOoP9cV11113RJkoe/PNN1uvv/56a82aNcWYmajHLr744uK/7gadX6AbMVeOtmzZUow50r333pvS66+/PqXhkksuSenNN9+cUmmURNvu1ltvLcYcQhniKih1W5PbyXrNp5fp6eVEr4dy25OyRpsU9IbQaDCgLTnzzDNT+thjj6W0E7orMJTRRYF+9vk9LDGOlK5V0W8/7xZIn/y6e0sjr6q8QeM2v++XlP/z7hN8loLZaZp+Pf744ym96667UjooTz31VEp///vfp1QaNTSeV6xYUfx32A8//JDSchf6Or3mM6j5SqPihBNOKF71jkYo3QCjK2Cnk6u8Xxf0EkTS4O2le/Cg8wP1MsHoCy+8UIw5EuvMiWScfvrpKQ0cG2ig0z3S2w80aqJtd+qpp6Y0d8EFF6SUE0Xd9JpPL9NTpsonisIVV1xRvNKoMKAt4azm0qVLUyVCf3qCwDpUUgx1qu4fveWWW9I9QhMTEzPO+hDMUhHHPaJx9odl4f9zzjkn/R/yvKn4uMc0v++XlP85GwUqNO5P4j4A8maa1atXp2l+/etfp2lmg8qTfKk8B/UwCtaL/NgGVQ13aVSx7/7hD39IZWI2PQh6zWdQ85XGzcMPP1y8aqX6+/LLL0/1aac6vAr3wm7atKk2QO1Vv/lRL3P1tVPd995776WUe+ersP745z//mVJpFHAiJp6jcsopp6Q0t3z58pRGj8k6veYzqPnmfvaznxWvNGwGtCVUHuzMnNnkzCdBYLfAthcElOR/3333pauacVb1wQcfTPOk29Jtt92W3iPoJGCm+3P57Gvuz3/+c5pu27Zt6XPxeQpudJ0++uijWzt37mzt3bs3zZtpmBcVIetJQ3i2uIpK8MnDKJrmRyCfD3kw/Nlnn6WUwFsaB+z3XBk6++yzU5m85557ind602s+g5qvNK6o8/bv39+anJxMJ4ypi6gDqcO5StpUv92D6/STH3UhbZH8pHeVr776KqXdguVuv1ggzSceKBo67bvff/998apar/kMar74+uuvU/rLX/4ypRo+A9oKBI8Efjt27JgR2FLJzBYVbVVwSiOUs7i5CEY//fTTlNaJLknlrhFUiHFPD6+rrthceumlKY3gcTaYB/f6sC5xZbib6CIWA8GwNK64qsKVIRrSDPSc6Ke7X6/5DGq+0jijkUqdx0nbzz//PD3bAVdeeWWjk6z9dg+u009+lNsXX3xxoCelPvroo+KVND6iB8Js9ZpPk+m5d5Y2e7SxNXwGtB1wdpTAliufIOCa7ZXaY489tng1E2eTefhD7rXXXktpVV//HA3YqLg7oULnCij3zXLVmSHuJxiUa665Jq0L24ruHd1MTU3NGPIH2Rx//PEp5TuQxgG9HiiP9K6gHNCY5ecBmjSmc73mM6j5SgsFwW30QqI8vPTSS8U79Ybd3ZjyykNonn766YEtA3hehjRuBrXf9ppPt+mJAwh6//KXvxRjNAoMaBvgyidXVvHOO++kdNC4543uyASZXAkm6ORpa1TGgzgDxFlfrtrccMMN6b5Zrjoz0AgeJCphun4hv6epH1zxpXHOMjYJjqVRwH5Ll35uLYjgssnDLcp6zWdQ85UWkkceeSSlTXosDLu78W9+85vW7373u463GPUj7g2UxkncAz5bvebTaXpOOl199dWtV155ZaAnnTR7BrQNVV1ZpdE4CBQQgkzO5PKaq5tUhAS5nGHuhuUgOO3kgQceSA1cAnMCxLgiyhWdQePKNl21Wacvv/yyGNufuIeoydl1aZTQKI2f24h73frRaz6Dmq+0EHBCmDqy289YdeoezEnm+MWBfOh0G1Kv3Y0JuONhVuX50CYAKf9z4ht1Pb7Kmk4nzQee6dLEkiVLilfVes1nEPPlpBMPa7Or8egxoC2hq0FVt+K33norpfnv08bDivLpqZR4knEvuH+Vio8ugu+///5011uudDY5AxRBX/npwlzVjGWLm9x/+9vfpis5IHieq3tr4re5yt2oexU/11PX3Zt16OWBH9J8iuPFbBuUveYzqPlKCwH1OvVrJ526B5944onptp7ywPg6/XRfrpoHAyeIQcr/8WTV+PWDunv+Ynz5VxKkYeKka1wQquo5Ee3SbmW213xmO196TtLjotvD2jQk7eCpowaTLCirVq1K60y6devWNLQrkTRu8+bNxVSH7NixI41vF5CpiYmJNPA68uCzYXJy8ohxYf/+/elzvJ8PzJd57tmzp5iyOp99+/ZNf57peY+UcTEdaeTJa5aV1/E58g2dljXXbbp2xZveL+ePGM9nywPbNRfbmYE8Y7p2YyEtP+MWK7aJRleUEcrobPSaz6Dmq9mzjDbXrU7pR9SP3coC0+zcubP4b/YGmR/bo267RHsjbyeA9WU876ue5XM4aIOy7bdt21aMOSza3LSNu+k1n37nS5u66jOaf3xHVbqW5LoPLlTsyFQaUUkw8LocZAV28CgEpHyWioX/850/KuqqAsE8CcqoAPl8DARsfCavjOvyYZ4xPQPLQgHMK3HyjGUlTwo2FS7/VwXN3QpvrCf5VuF95lPOH7EcVUNVgMrnI0iP6fheWIduDZWFjO2g0UWZZL8tY3+m3JTLRZ26fOr0Or3mjmW0uTh5WVenoKrsUIdSX1XVBZSFbnUZ9SB1y6A0ya+XYwDT1W2XupMA8ZlBBukLkeVzOCizlJFyey/2Z9p2uWibl/fnfvLpZXpQl9bVp1GONX/qymzXkmxhn3tUtmxnClQZhavuPcnyOXxRfqkgo7Kl0qQCZByvyxgfnwm95tPPfDX/LKPNxUlZTlbW7b/s2+WyE41RBupM/ic4Jp8mjc1ODdZ+NMmvaj3qRHBaty7Mi0Z6tBPixMAg12mhYjtpOGI/jRNO7L9c7Kgq/1EGqr6vXvJBL9NThpiWcloemJ73mpyU0uBU7QPoWpLrPqjBoWCwnevOLvNeVFRSzvI5fFRmUbEx0LCk3FJp1olgNCpU9JpPP/PV/OO7UWd5YzUfqgK4qrIDAlnKAO/ROKUh2qT3Dg1YPjOoK5lN86tbjyrdAlqQT/R84rgwqPVZ6NheGh7atlGPsf/W7eNMF3Vclab5hCbTxwWlTgN5aH6x3ascxZ/2m7V4ol6XSTRLPNGYJxu2C2u62Twesc+Pq/NTPu2At9HTjrX4WD6l0WYZlUaX5VMaL3Vl1oB2RBDU8mTg/Od3Vq1a1br00kvTb0tKVSyf0mizjEqjy/IpjRcDWmkBsnxKo80yKo0uy6c0XurKrL9DK0mSJEkaSwa0kiRJkqSxZEArSZIkSRpLje+hJZU0erz/Rxpd3qMnjS7LpzRe6spso4BWkiRJkqRhqgpd7XIsSZIkSRpLjQJau2NIo8vyKUlSf6xDpfHn79BKY8zyKY02y6g0uiyf0nipK7N2OZYkSZIkjSUDWkmSJEnSWDKglSRJkiSNJQNaSZIkSdJYMqCVJEmSJI0lA1pJkiRJ0lgyoJUkSZIkjSUD2jHCby9ddtllxX/zZ1jzlSRJkqRODGhrfPHFF61ly5alYO6kk05qHThwoHinWnn6ufL9998Xr1qtjz/+eN6CzXy+dc4666y0PKRV2yuW96GHHirGHHLjjTem8VUD27TKq6++mtY7n47/n3/++WIKaX6xT0YZYOA142aLfZp9O44vu3fvLt6ZifGUpXL5ksbFbPdh6pi8XqAM1pWXQF0VZSsf+q1XB5lfv9uj6TFDGra8zLK/3nnnnV3b21V6zaef+W7YsCFNnw98VqPBgLbGN9980/ruu+/S63379rW2b9+eXtfhfaZfuXJlmn4x+uCDD6bTqu31448/Fq9m4mQANm/e3Nq6deuM4YEHHkjv5ajgL7zwwtauXbtaExMTaTo+y3wvv/xyK2/NOxqc7JNYv359a+nSpWl/ZNyTTz6ZxveKCpcGOfs0leb//b//t7V///7WmjVriikOYX+nMj7vvPNaTzzxRDFWGh+D2IfJY+3atakOpk5YtWpVKoPkSVmqE3V32U033VS86s0g8ut3ezQ9ZkijIMos+yr7KeWVdh2BYy9Bba/59DNfPvPGG28U/x22ZcuW4pWGbqqLBpMsSJOTk2nd243TqXbjdKpdSRbvVGMapmWYq20WyzPfms6X6dqNiLQtGNoHiuKdQ2KbthsbxZhDYpvxfjd8NuZTzh/ksW/fvuK/hY9toeFif2N/zPdf9s3Nmzen74eh131yz5490+WoSbnAxMREmle5fGm4LKPNzWYf3rRp0xF1AuPIj7JYhemp26vqkn4MOr9etkc/xwxZPoeFMsK+Wm5bs+/ynbDvN9FrPv3Ol3aq5Wo01JVZr9A2wNU/rrrWdR+kew9nZK+++upizOJ13HHHpTNWbI+77767GDsYnDl78MEH0+sXXnghzauMM9ErVqwo/pPm3ptvvtl6+umnZ1wFYd98/PHH09UivPTSSyltgqssnD3G22+/3fjqyk9/+tPilTSe+t2HqRvuv//+I+qEuCr67bffprSMq6nXXXddZV3Sj0Hn13R79HvMkIYlejLceuutxZhD2HepNynP0Xuvk17z6We+XJ2F5Wq0GdA28N///d8pffbZZ1Na9n/+z/9JXQw73SNDAaGrLF0cot89/9d1h8jvxaubDrxfNV+6QHIvb+TBNHm3K/Jjmnw+vB7EPX+33XZbOjDQVarJAakpAgcORJxgMGjVqLj++utbp59+evHfTDRue0G5/NWvfpX281deeaU23yonnHBC8UoaT/3uwwSQVXXCDz/8kNKrrroqpTnqpttvvz0N1I+zff7CoPNDk+0xm2OGNCxPPfVUSk899dSU5i644IKU0ubrptd8+pkvF6vobkwbmVuI6trjGi4D2gaoILgfh6uC5QCNIJH+95360TMNn6eCIxjbunVrKjgEfPTZzxHMct8MV4QnJibSQN/+s88+u5jiSOUHNpEnlSoBLfOKPBgXfvOb36T/CTxjGubJPX9xNmo27r333pSS76D861//SqkVtsbNaaedVrzqjLPHlMP169d7NliaBRqdf/jDH1Kdu3HjxmLsYQ8//HDx6lCPH+47pc7st/4bdH5NeczQuKEdzT6LU045JaW55cuXp5TeBp30mk8/86XdHp+hrX/DDTe0Tj755L6fjaG5Y0Db0O9+97uUls/cxE59ySWXpLRKBJIUkvvuuy9dwaSQbNu2LRWQ/ExuBIKcaWVahnfffTcFxE1whZUzSZs2bWq9/vrraV7k8fnnn7duvvnmYqpW6+KLL043wzPvmIYHSOC1115L6WxwhjpOAjSt0J977rl01Tgf8jNhH374YUqrzqxJo+jLL79MvTc6nZDKxdnjdevWpYfCRC8LUsqDpM6oM6jXKHNctbznnnuKd2bilgDqwMnJyXTilXJKw5UTyv30VBp0fk15zNC44aGroVP3/G6/rtFrPv3Ml7bs1NRUKte02bkIxHGFwJbyptFhQNvQ+eefnyqoP/3pT8WYQxUnV1kJHuu6wDINASaFgKf8EtzFEOLKY0xLIJifaaXg/eUvfyn+6+zvf/97SstPVCSP/Cw1hbRcoOP9CBxn65FHHklpBOndsC0J/vPh66+/Lt6Vxks0rHlSd6fKM9CTI84EEwhfc801rb1796aKlHsAKQ9WoFJnv/71r9PVUcoSA1dT8tttcpRL6to46ctVTlx55ZWp/PZq0Pl14zFDC9l7771XvJqdXvOpmp5yze1FlK/oecj9tnPdA0PNGdA2REVFEEjlETtwPOil6v6c8Nlnn6WUK7Gcqc0HzvAgKqSYtqrx26RBjOgS3aTrEevBGVy6KMcwSCwDFTpBen4Vug6VMGfC8iHvXhwnDQxyNQ7oCrh69epUCTbxz3/+M6WcOONqT+zvlCN6bIAKtK5xLqmVeiZRp3IrDWWJqyk8MKlbQEkdy2c5ocxnenmQW5VB51fFY4YWMp41Mwi95tNtek5YRVD72GOPpVTDZ0DbgyuuuCKldI0FV2u58lp1f04ZlRoBW9VAhTPfeNAUQTVncAk4Yxg0KlncddddKZ2NCG7/8Y9/pFQaVTQgeSL3X//612JMdwcPHkwpQXAZDVSOIZiLciotJAR23ErDbT4R1DZ5wAyiZ9GggsBB55fzmKGFjG7zg9BrPk2m/+1vf5uOLVys0mgwoO0BFUQ8vZcrjpwF7vYU0+OPPz6lnK3l81VDnFWNm9SrziQ37a60ZMmSlHbqBkHFyjqwLjt37pxxRXTQWLf42aM4EdAvun2DbT8X3bekQWDfvPbaa1NjumnPiibiCYySmuEkaDyw8auvvkppN9TJNFTzn/qhJ1P8GkA+NLlHtSq/+eIxQ6Po6KOPLl51Fu3ZOr3mM6j5grqd8jWMcq1qBrQ9it+u4gonOj0MCgR0BI6cIa0KMnlYRHQTpoAwLWd88rO5NJCbdgfmYU8od4Mgj3gwBffygnt/86vLc3UvAA/loELnScuzEcExZ9t5SnNVUMs6xPaU5hv7JPfw8bu0vT6N+9xzz00p9+hUOfbYY4tXkpqKctVL+aHLYfyuK0488cR0+0x5YHwT5fwGxWOGxhF1I21CVPVc+Oijj1Larcz0ms+g5hso1540Gh0GtD2Kq4QEVZ0eBpV75plnUkoXXwJhzuoy8JtW/ExOBJh49NFHU0qB4mEODDzUoqn86cIEwcyHPHjiY+TNlWAKNV2dY3n4HMsXhX2QCNQ5Sx73CtepesoxQ47gONaP7cK6MQ0p25N1yJ9kJ82XOPHEvXu9BrOIKzmUk6qTMtG9kIa0pN5E3d0NZY+rLvn01I/cD1seGN9NVX6D4jFD44qLE4j7wHPRjbfbBSP0ms+g5gsu0nR6ho7m2VQXDSZZkPbs2ZPWvR20FmMOYxzvTU5OFmMOa1ccU+0KpvjvMPLjc7zHZ0n5vyqPnTt3Tq1cuXJ6uomJian9+/dPfyZXtYxM2y60HecVy8P7DO0gMb3P8jeZRxXmw+ersEzMg7y2bdtWjD2EZY3lqBqqkEfkxxDruGPHjmKKxaFu+2h+xf5dt/8xnnIdKH/twDelOfZrvlPKRI78OSbUlS8wDz5LvhodltHmmuzDdWWnDvVCVXmirLUDwWLMYUxfrqO66Se/JuvRZHvM5pghy+ewsH9WtRlph/Kd0O7NMT3lIK9H0U8+vUxPGczbzoFy16RdrMGrK7NdS7KFXRpdls/ho4IkmI1KsjzQqOS9HOP57kjL4gRPNIJpJFNxkgfzqsM0fI5l6TSd5pdltLkm+3BV2YmgjnHR4OXzlCXGlfOKxisDDVj+p+HKfDsFj3X6ya9qPcqalul+jxmyfA5TnLCJ/ZZyQ31Ztb9Tjpi26vvqJR/0Mn3Mk/LEsYWB1wyWreGo2gfQtSTXfVDS8Fk+h49KMCq9uqF81jca4FGhllF5U8EyDY1SGqx1lWde0edDPw1zDR7fhTrrZR+uKjtc5czLIWWGBicN1zqUSaZjesoaZazqCmtTvebX6RjQT5nmvabHDB3G9tLwEExG2WX/rdvHmS7KdZWm+YSm03MMycsV8+ezGp66MnsUf9pv1uJJfl0mkTQklk9ptFlGpdFl+ZTGS12Z9aFQkiRJkqSxZEArSZIkSRpLBrSSJEmSpLFkQCtJkiRJGksGtJIkSZKksdT4KcekkkaPT2iURpdPUZVGl+VTGi91ZbZRQCtJkiRJ0jBVha52OZYkSZIkjaVGAa3dMaTRZfmUJKk/1qHS+Gt8D62k0WP5lEabZVQaXZZPabzUlVm7HEuSJEmSxpIBrSRJkiRpLBnQSpIkSZLGkgGtJEmSJGksGdBKkiRJksaSAa0kSZIkaSwZ0EqSJEmSxpIB7RjasGFDa9myZcV/kiRJkrQ49R3Q7t69u3XjjTe2TjrppPQjtwy8vuyyy1rPP/98MdX4Yj1Yp48//rgYM1q+++674pWkUfHqq6+2zjrrrOnj4ZNPPlm809yBAwfSsZWTVpHPQw89VLx7pC+++GLG9KT8z3hpXAyj7GAQ8y2L9lG3eXcym+WiDUYbJrYDyyONItrY0d5mf73zzjtTOe4HF3vIJx/Is6zqONFL+SrHP7Mp5xqgqS6qJpmYmEjjly5dOrVp06aprVu3poHXjOO9ycnJYurB27Zt20DmwfLWbYJ4b8+ePcWY0bF+/fra5dbi4n4wOuK4RAqOTxwPN2/enP5vYt++fdPHVV4j8q3Kp2p60jgWxzgNj2W0u2GUHQxivjk+H+0jBtpF/eh3uWivrFq1anqdd+7cObV///7iXVVhW2k48v2a/ZRyy/7L0Ot+S15R7vKhXAbJN+YZcUtMG+WtDp+N6WmH79ixwzp2CNj+VbqW5PIH42DdaYeb6y+ZnZBlYAeejXENDA1oFdwPRkNUpuUGZxyraFg2QdleuXJl8d9h5Es+5cqZ8VTO5WMx/1ctj+afZbSzYZWdQc23SrSTyvNsot/lIpjlWMAw27bRYsI21fyLwLJcZmP/pwz1gvLfZL8n3/KFqjiBVHX8CCxvnCzqFvhqbtWV2a4lOf9g7Gh86XXB7HyIA/tsD9oGtBp37gejIcpkuaLkxB7jO1WUgc8ybVUQGvnQAMjVNeLB9Lyv4eJ7UL1hlp3ZzrcOJ/XJo5+Atp/lYtoIZsufU2dsU82/aMdXBYfs47zHPt8EsUDTuq6ufDC/8jEi5MEsZVvDVVdme7qH9rnnnkvpvffe2zruuOPS66bos04/8+hzzkC/+fI9quW+7aT8D+4JY9ztt9+e/j/vvPOm84p8Yj5x7wkDr7kfJXB/CePfeOON9H9Ml/e1Jw/GlZevfL8aA+tRdY8K75EP78XyxPpU3SPAcuX3ALCtZtM3P5a12zZHfr9OeeAzOZaz0/aVFhPKWRxLTj/99JSGFStWtNqVc6tdMVeWu1zksXz58pTmIh/unS8fa8i7XP7i+LJu3bqUSqNoWGVnUPOtc8IJJxSvetPPclHWf/WrX6X1e+WVV474nDSKnnrqqZSeeuqpKc1dcMEFKX3zzTdT2s3VV1+dyg1tUe6FrWpfh6ryEdNv3rw5pWW/+c1vWh988EGrHYQf0R7W6OgpoN21a1dKzz///JQ2xc5CoEYgyo7KTsGOQ35r165NB/HAdE888UTaaWLniYdMcUBn3Pr169P/5MH/DFGBsOMxHw78jJ+YmEgVwIUXXjhdma1evTq9xzSIPB544IH0f+7HH38sXh26eX3VqlUzli/Wg+A6ljP34osvpvc4ARDz5PN33313McUhFMLLL788batYHrAu/Qa1LCvLlG/zF154IW3zvMCzXdg+VIhMxzZbunRpeo/XV111VXoNAmSWM9aH9/kcnzeo1WL03nvvpZTyVoUTSvjnP/+Z0m4OHjxYvJop8nnnnXdSiptvvjmlV1555YzjD8dBjpO33XZbMUYaPcMqO4Oe76D0s1zbt29PbRzK+5o1a4qx0uiizc8+i1NOOSWluTgx9fbbb6e0E+q9yIug84YbbmidfPLJPT3kifY4Ze63v/1tMeYw2se0m2kTX3PNNcVYjaTiSm2tfBJelz/C5fsYnw/5Zf124JPGlS/Vx2fbgVb6v71Tpv/p495J5FfV5Zh5lLtDc89JVb7RtadK1Txi+rr1KHdXYFx5epatHdSm8flyMp9yVwjeZ7p2QSvGHNJpuXNVXTnYBnw2vw8nbnJn+weWh3FshxDj4vsKsU4Mml9N9gPNrThWUC6rRHnNy1KVyKdc3kNdPpRHxjPwmvLc7Riq+cP3omrDKjuDmm+dqvqziX6WK9oTjKPcx/+k/S7/YsK20vyK8lG37buVgyrkSZs39n+GbvUg7eAoU+X2d4j6lXqV/DnG8D/tfd4rxxuae2z/KrP+HVqujLZ3vumhvXOk8fmVTa5Sgmk52xFDTPP++++nlCuwnAXhbEi/XX24clruDr1x48aUfvjhhyntR3QF4ixOucsBXRjaO3tld0C2Rz49y8a0+Oyzz1IKzqyWu0IwLZ/nrFM/rr/++uLVYb/85S9T+sknn6QU33//fVovtn+IM70fffRRSvHaa6+llOXMv0fWg++Ns2SdunpIi1lelqpccsklKaW8l48j2Lt3b0qPPfbYlIbHH3+81a5o02t6f1AOPZOshWSuyk433eY7LLFctJPi6tSXX36Zyj3r2m7ct7799tvUw4ufQZHGUfRYaII2K21e9v92IJvG3X///ZXHA9DzkZ6F0cX/jDPOqOxlGeNoJ9M9mniFMtcOnFN9S69SjYaeAlqCFuRBC0EX3dpiqLpnKwIyut6WB8QBGTTOOBCzc7GjVO1g3bADs7Py+Rhm65tvvklp9O0vO/PMM1P69ddfp7STukqVoJnlJgCO5e6lQFdh+1GhRX633HJL8c5hS5YsSd9R/r1G9+FYL8QJAbp0lL/H+I6brL+0GOX36FfhhFJUxNwTFBUxjVa6+sdxsuqeo6+++mr6VgHKIieo+j0pKI2auSw7nXSb77DEckXXY8o9bac4KU3jnvtpQaPeY4HGUb/l77777ps+Hjz22GMpLSNe2b9/f2vHjh3Ttx9yO10eAFNuuFAFLtjFhR7K2euvvz5d3/bSvVlzp6eAttcbtcs4a1g15P3kCebYQbjiwJkWdjBu9G565Y/KiwCLM5OceYlh1BF4UqhYbq5Qx3JHYeoV24vtxvajQov8IvDMxT2yZ599dgqoCYC5J4/CGme+c3w3Vd8jgw+kkKpVPbCmjIo4rrZyHOOeub/97W/T5YoyGZVqiB4gfPbzzz9PwSzHDe6VtyGrhWCuyk43TeY7DLFccc8wzwUpY105FmAc2kBSWdwz3g/uh42Asw4X5Kg/33333emyEg+/Rd7TtKoH5ebiIVIvv/xySjVcPQW0F198cUrvuuuuxgEm4uwHB9iqobyjcPYjug6ww7BDvvTSS8W79Wi80QWA+e3cuZNO1tPDbB199NEpjQdjlUUXoKob3JsgEAdnizhrFMsdXbh7xfZiu/H5PXv2TOdH0Fn26KOPpsLMQEBNAMzJC040xBlfxGvOcld9jwzSYtO0G2PT6eLYR3klpaEeFeaWLVtSGjgBxQmweJgFlSxnjiOopTxLo2pYZafX+VLO8if/x8D4QRr09qjrUSYNU7Snu6H3YL+oC9n/6fHZDdM+8sgj6XX+kNpufv7znxevNAp6Cmg5k0GARPcdnqJZFdRWPWUwDqpVB3+C0Lo+7rjooouKV4fFwfzTTz9NaYizKdyjGvfNoi7/KCxNrmIQdBMoEySW8+PzNCp5vxycN0Xjk0Yo25jCBQoWlXI/4nvgKaj5MuVPSA2cvWXZuUocgS+vy+vyi1/8IqX8bFMZ+0I/3cOlcXfOOeektO72gBgf0/WK7v9RRsv3xj744IPpmBzHDERQy/RemdEoG1bZ6XW+J554Yipn5YHxg9Trcp177rkprWsnNA18pflE25Krp6hqf8cFInoZzQZdlpue1IkLMnkQnV+kqQp0jznmmOKVRkI7eOmoPAlP9GofyKef8sWTv3giGUM7IEvjGfInhvEZpmU8n43p+SzjthVP452cnExPKOPJYbw/MTGRPsfQDqLTNMifKsx0TM/7+Xwij5gH45l3jvnyHssd+QT+5z2WKcTTkvP8SSP/8lPSGF+eJ6ryjm0a24d8yTPWJxfTdkLeTMPn2Y7kyXpGfvwfIr98YDq2Xf40ZMS0fE/kkS8r02t+8V1o+OLYVz4GcFxiPO/3g/yizJbzBuMpk1Uom+4fw+d30Nmwys5czRdR/+b1bFO9LlesI++XUfdX5aXD2D6af7FvRvs/R/uS92jTzwb5lNuwnTDP8q+YRAxRHo+ICarWQXOHbV6la0mu+yBfLl90HEwZONCyk1YdPNkxCXxiR2WgIZbvJByQy8EV86jKj4oi5k2eseMzbeyADCwTlQv5lgOuWKZ8XiEag+V5k1eeP8tAHlWVSTnPUJV3LEu+ThSSWM8c61IeV4XCFpVjLEtUinkBjANLBL4M+bKUDwi8n+fLa8bN9uCj3rH9NXx1DVj+rypDlH3eqzq2Bd6jDDLUVcpxvKw6/lDeOY5ouCyjnQ2r7PQ6317QrqnKO1e3Hr0uV5yYp87OUR9T/jlGqB7bTvOP/ZPyWd4/Y/+nPZpjespAef+nrPGZMspFVfu7DtPTli23YymfLE9VXUr+rINt3/lVV2a7lmQL+8IWhbWq4uXAUfeeRoPlc3TESaCoXKNRW25oIgLRqsYmn+czvE8FW27w5niPeTJdzDcqfsZ3+qzmh2W0u2GUHfQy317Q0I1lqGvsdlqPXpcr1jlOVHOCy8Z2M2w3DUfs17Hfsr8TOFaVmzihU/6+Yhz7O21WBl4zlPOI9i7zYN7xPvNnXN3xIi9/fIYhlifKqOYP271K15Jc90EtDFEoKbBlFHLeM6AdXZbP0RIVI98LlXL5bHKIshUVOagYGUcjlMq4qkxWofEaDeD4PP9XXbXV/LOMNjOMsoOm820ib3TnQ1UdWrUeuV6Xi3nE9HEMKDfodSS2l4aHssv+zffA/lvX3mS6KN85ynq+3/N+XZBJeeB9po2BE0qUtW5lhfIXy8lAPp4wHg62f5Wj+NN+sxZP8usyicYYN7q3DwbpdbuATv/uLDfl86Cr9gEi/RRI/tAZjQ7LpzTaLKPS6LJ8SuOlrswa0Co9tZkfn+YnieJ3bwlyeTrcPffcYzA7wiyf0mizjEqjy/IpjRcDWmkBsnxKo80yKo0uy6c0XurKbE+/QytJkiRJ0qgwoJUkSZIkjSUDWkmSJEnSWGp8Dy2ppNHj/T/S6PIePWl0WT6l8VJXZhsFtJIkSZIkDVNV6GqXY0mSJEnSWGoU0NodQxpdlk9JkvpjHSqNP3+HVhpjlk9ptFlGpdFl+ZTGS12ZtcuxJEmSJGksGdBKkiRJksaSAa0kSZIkaSwZ0EqSJEmSxpIBrSRJkiRpLBnQSpIkSZLGkgGtJEmSJGksLdiAdsOGDa1ly5YV/0mSJEmSFpqeAtovvvgi/aBteTjppJNaN954Y3p/lHz33XfFK0maP7t3707HRY6PveI4yvGUE3J8npT/Dxw4UEzRan388cczjsFVAyf1pHH0/PPPt84666zpfZnXr776avFuZ08++eSMcpAPl112WTHVYZRVxkd5o9w+9NBDxbvNscyUuZhXL8sMyjfzzdeb5aKsV5nNNpJGSZM6r5tyeYhyXM6DMhXTlAeOHVXKy8dAPqMW8yx2R021Fa8r8cXFJBz4zzvvvNbKlStb1113XRqHF198sfXBBx+k11u3bm3ddttt6fVcY+davXp16/XXXy/GHEbF8sYbb0wvu7QQ5eVTo4FK9Pbbby/+a/X0/VBBrlq1Kp2M27x5c2v58uWtt956Kx3LGM+x7rjjjkuV9Pbt24tPzfTll1+2nnjiidb69esrj42aX5bR3tx5552t+++/f7qdcfDgwbQ/UyZ27NhRGZTmovxF+cmddtpprY0bNxb/tVIAeOGFF1bOi88//vjjxZSdxTJT5tatWzddBtFkmUFjnHZUudwvXbq09fbbb7dOP/30YsrO89u5c+eMdVRnls/halrndRJlPo9NIi4p14MRGxCrlDFtXs7AMeLKK69MrynHLB/HiV27drUeeeSR1po1a9J7mj+1ZbY9sqN8ksnJyfR/+0svxhzGe+0Db3q/fUAtxs6tumUB4xusnjTW3MdHSxx32pVlX8egdoWePtNuBBdjDtm0aVMav23btmJMvYmJico8NBy97gOL2b59+9L2ajdkp/bv31+MnZras2dPGk8boxvKHtPSJumGaRlyMS8GlqcJyme53UNZJY92I7sY0xnrzLxzUe45LuQ6zY981BzbTMMziDqP6Shn+TEDlAXey8tVL/Uy+XHMKR+PNFx131/XbzX/YKeAFvF+0wP4bHValn4ak9K4cR8fHVH5RUO612MQn2f6qgZp3tDvJJahScNf88My2lycjKk6KR4N324nzHsJaOtEQ3g2eUR5ZugX68rn69o5ZbOd32Lk9hqeQdR5cQKqqozE8SQvx73Uy3GSaDbHAQ1e3fc30IdCcem9vfO12jti6p6ci/tUuFTMUHefSvRVj/vPGPhcfh8J7zMedB3Ipyuja15MX5WXJA0C3aI+//zzvrsgffbZZym94IILUppbsWJF6noYt3bUeemll1LXrS1bthRjpPHx4YcfpvTss89OaS66An7yyScp1UxxPx9tMGkcDKLO47jAdO+9996Mtj1t/xdeeCG912+d/PLLL6duzHYrHg8Df8rxpZdemtJ33nknpeBmbe69ZcfcunVrGtjJ6PPOvSA5DsZMzw7OdPSpZ6dcu3bt9M3dV1xxxXT/d3a2yPOqq65K43Inn3xy6uvO+5s2bUp5/epXvyrelaTB6XavTyeffvppSo899tiUlvG8gG7+9Kc/pfSSSy5JqTROaJSiqhydeuqpxatmnnvuuXTSnIH74MoPh6nDdNGIPuWUU1Laj3fffTelswkw/+d//ielP/vZz1LaycMPP5zSaINJo24QdR64150TucQJxA8Ettwr++2336b7z6vEsYGhfAEuxD3sPCzKB7CNgeJKba18Ei6783+n7i/twDFNQ4roAke3AV7noo98fp9KVX/5um5InZYluhVU3XtSlZc0jtiXNZp66dqE8rGzLPKr6/4U3RPLxzwNl2W0ObZV3fZq0v5AlKPyQDukyX3l8fnZlqMor/3eyx5tJ/KoupeX8s6yMnCbF9PRVlJv2G4ajihrpFW61Xk5polywEDZqSo3kWd54LPle9jjPfLieMByUsaiXBpHDAfbvsqc/w4tZyk5c8IZDboXcCYkBp5SjH//+98pxfXXX1+8OuyXv/xlSvvpalR+SmFcxbXbkqRxdPTRRxevZnr00UdTSg8WaaFasmRJ8aoav7LAbU/t9k0aeN1uiKZ2yOWXX97xpza4skPPsXaDtXXPPfcUYw/Jr+jEUHfVlys6XN1pN54rb4Vq4je/+U1aZpad7pdlzz77bFpWBtaRZWb6TusnjaO6Oi9QDl977bVUDihz9NykLNArs3yL4V//+tfW/v37p48P7SA2Tcdnq3pvkhe3EhFLcGy57777Wq+88kp67w9/+ENKNRrmLKCNLgQROPJIebod50M8Zv4///lPSgNdBuiKTJcBhltuuaV4Z/aOOeaY4pUkjZ/yzwqASjt+5sD7fbSQnXnmmcWrenkAyGsaohMTE+l/7jOvQqP42muvTa9psJa7PUfwmA9ff/118e5hlMU77rgjBZg0nvtBG4jbo2ic1/0MItPkjXJuz6JNxTGgafdqaRxU1Xk54gR+xmrHjh3pJ3r27t3b2rZtWwpS6Yacn+ShXOdlm7wpS5Qbpi93P+Z5PuVjAXUs5bvb/b2aXwMPaPntJ5xzzjkpDRxsJycnK4e434uDMFdyOYvKzkkDjcGdRtJCd+6556aU37irEvcXVokfhP/d736XUmkcEcChKiCL++369fOf/7x4dSTmR6OYtgaN4qqTQhE85kO5oU0wSwMa3LtXdS9wNzSuaQPRwG4aELMcXDmincWVqbqgXRols6nzAnVfPJ8n7w1Bb8+4tzbuL++k6sFUIDiuwpVbjZaBBrQczNmx+KLjQH/iiSemlB8jppKoGuKgz0GYz1OpccYxKg2CXklayI4//viU8hC7Ms4wRxeqMt7jygxnjPvt3iiNgriyGg9UykXXwQh6e1XuCRbKwWy/ZagczHa7qlQlD2a50tRrQEw7C3UBgjRK+q3zcl999VVKIzjOnXDCCSlt0g2fq7NlcdW2/HmOGRHraHQMLKDlYB79z+NeLsRTyh588MHKs65xZQFxEL755ptnVAb5E5NzNOCanMGRpFHDMwQY4rhIY54KlIqy3O0puktefPHFKc3F1Rh/qkfj7qKLLkpp3oYA7QtO2uQny1EuQ3V4v+oJ4Iyf72CWaXlSKvPNNQ1maVzTk62qkf3UU0+l16eddlpKpVHWa51HvEDZ4f71ELc3cg9tWfTq6PaUcMokXfw5vnCRLcRV23KPh+3bt6f0uuuuS6lGw1FTXALtgJ0nJmGH495XvvT8i3zrrbdS12BUVQrsfNxvQgBKlxh2QIJXdiAeq82AyD+fji7MnCHhTA1dCvL7SZgPeXAGJ+6rifepLFim8urFPMp5SeMoL58avryipXHJsYtjDTie5Q+947sDPVCiEs2PgRzfuOISx1euTNHQzdGI5afJOD4yr/zeQY0Gy2hvou6moctP0NBWIJhlH8/LCsplKE6s89loE3z55ZcpWOTz5fYJv1Ef951W/dxNuczW4T47yl/eFskRYG7cuDG9jjKO2C8ITuNqDw35aKTnKP8EypT5n/zkJ2lczC/aU7EMrK+asXwOVy91XsQS+XjKDuWX8p2X448++iiVCfIlYKZuJCB++umn0wmh6M2QT1c+GZXXr8Qk+bIxr356UWj2astse2RH+STtg2X6vzy0v9j0KGver8Pjrds74fRn2gfv9Bjs8meYjvxiuvbBeXq+5Z/04RHbeZ75+4xv76DFf4e1K77KvKRxxL6s0RHHoqqhfDzif4byz5lxjOK4F5/jWNkOiot3Z/KnekYf34+aozywv7PfRxmgPJR/UgNVZYi2SN4u4H0+T7kqy8tZ1cBnm2C6qs/HwHwC68E4ljHEuE5D3mZhesp8vo1oN7UD9mIKNcW203A1rfMoA7xffo8YoVweeF2OMWK6PMaomi7H+KplK9fbmj98D1V6ukIrabRYPqXRZhmVRpflUxovdWV2zn+HVpIkSZKkuWBAK0mSJEkaSwa0kiRJkqSxZEArSZIkSRpLBrSSJEmSpLFkQCtJkiRJGksGtJIkSZKksdT4d2hJJY0ey6ckSf2xDpXGS1Xo2ugKrQVdGl2WT0mS+mMdKo2/xldoJUmSJEkahrq41C7HkiRJkqSRN6uAVpIkSZKkYaiLS33KsSRJkiRpLBnQSpIkSZLGkgGtJEmSJGksGdBKkiRJksaSAa0kSZIkaSwZ0EqSJEmSxpIBrSRJkiRpLBnQLjAPPfRQ+o2mjz/+uBgjSZIkSQtTTwHtF1980Vq2bFkKmG688cZi7ExPPvlken/37t3FmPHBMl922WVp+WPYsGHDWK7Ljz/+WLyaewTPbCu23XyL7yz2y5NOOikF9Z2wH/O9Mn2377aXaSVJkiTNr54C2m+++ab13XffpddPPPFEZQP/4MGDxav+RYDULTAZJNblvPPOa+3atas1MTHR2rp1a0oPHDjQeuedd4qpNEpeffXV9J198MEHrS1btqTv69tvv23dfvvttSdc+MyqVatab7zxRjGmXi/TSpIkSZp/fXU5Xr9+fUrvvffelA7afF5dDI899lhKX3nlldZ9993Xuu2221L6/vvvp9eqd/rpp7empqZazz//fDFmfnzyySfpxMPevXunv6+33347vccJF66u5jhBcuGFF7YuuOCCFPx20su0kiRJkoajr4B23bp1KajlytV8BzFzhSuzWLNmTUo1+ghiyycbCK65qgp6FORefPHF1rZt29I+e+yxxxZjq/UyrSRJkqTh6PuhUI8//nhK77rrrpQ2QXBw1llnpe7E+f2OdOsNjKMbKeg6GtNyb26unBev6SJaFvdWdntI0urVq1Nank8V5h33VTLU3bfJON5n/e68887pZeGzsTzkxecjn6p14D2Wi8/k9/jyunwVsg7T0Q03loGU//NtX4dpqj6bi+UJcS91eeCzOfJmO8U2YCCfbt9XP15//fXW9ddfX/zXWS/TSpIkSRqOvgPaFStWtDZv3tzat29foyCQAOjyyy9P9+DSTZRh6dKlKWglwIvAim7M5AuuAse055xzThqHyOu4445L79EllHzpIloVEDZx8803p/SGG25I+dcFiqwr82Z5Y9nAelQFtWD9XnjhhXSfJ+vGle21a9dOr0d0a+X+T9ah6t7kp59+unXGGWe0vv/++zRPtg158tluQSnBIVctCZ6ZP5/nc3TLZdm6YRqmJdDks6TkVcayhfPPP396+zBUddtlucmbbcfyMB3Lx9Vytk/TYD1HntxTi1NOOSWlgf2lqV6mlSRJkjQkU13kk0xOTqb/24FH+r8dzE61g9I07N+/P43jPaZh2hCfawdV09OFTZs2pfe2bdtWjDlyPrl4rx34FGMOId+VK1emoV87duxI60L+MQ/WMcf89+zZU/x3CPNmetYvF9uivN7ky3jmlefF/BnfDv6KMYcwjoH3c1Xbrmr7t4PfI+YFPleVb471Z5ryMpUxDfOpw+eZZufOncWYw8tanj/Lyfjyd9xE5Nnts1XbqU4v00qSJEkaPNrjVfq+Qguu0nLVkauj27dvL8Ye6bnnnkvpH//4xyOufN1xxx0pffnll1PazWuvvZZS7pXkSmYMn332WbriyxXjblcs63Dl8fPPP09XCsmLq5Jc2cyv+nKPLfPOsU5cMY0rg2WPPPLIjPX+xS9+kVK2XZ4XVzXx4YcfpjRH/nmXXtx0000pjQchVWFbcEW4Heinh23l2yz861//Kl4die+YbcHV4H67ATOv+++/v9UOwFsbN24sxh66TxUnnHDCjOWKh4LxQK5esHxc7WV577nnnmKsJEmSpIVqVgEtrrnmmumuw3VdRGP82WefndJcBHQ8qbaJCPboGsy9tvkQAeXXX3+d0n4QePKgIQLbzZs3p2D9yiuvnBEksz50LybApMssw3vvvVe82x0BXJVeu7lGl9q8q28ZgT7YNuXtxTYEJwE64X5pukPT5Zl1repuXIftdvXVV6d9hKA2F99XebkY0G25cszn2muvTa95UnWv21KSJEnS+Jl1QEvgEA+Ievjhh1M6H3gC7eTkZOVQvoLaj1gvrtAS1EZgSDDH1U4CeK5acvWTgWlGGetRta0YyoFmGYE7wSfbnBMP3PfLQ7iaXAn/85//nALTBx54IF3trVK1TAydrjznWA4CbZZxx44dPqlakiRJWiRmHdCCgIcgjy66X375ZTH2sCVLlqT03XffTWkuurEScDURQdGpp56aApeqYZDKV/ri6b4ETvv370+/v8pAl+D5FtuzLlDE8ccfn1LWo2pbMXT6fGAanvpLQMuVa4LHl156qXi3WnQ1ZttUPTGYfQZVy8TQ5MREOZgtd8uWJEmStHANJKDFM888k9L4PdfcxRdfnNJHH300pTmu3CGmwdFHH53Sjz76KKW5uP+UpyGXEdz00h02EHhxxbHcZZr86EpMd9no3suVWIJvAqcIdvlc0y7T/ar6zd/YnrFNqhCIEjjyedazjPuD67qK17nooouKV/XYdtHVOK7gl/FkY1Q9HZoTHVXLmxuVYJb58nND3ZZXkiRJ0mAdxZOhiteVaKjHJDTYub+RhyZxn2kZwQWBE+gyylW2QMBI4EFwdd1116VxTz31VOqOyhW/ctDD75USPMbPvfz85z+ffqBQzCfPiyvDBHwESXngx++bMo89e/bUXvEjoIuuxTy46Mwzz2wdPHgwXXFmXB4sxby56rhu3brp+YJp881JoEbX5PK26LQd2d7kze+gBsYRGJJ/zPett95Ky8Fy5w9PqppnzA9s6+XLl6fXPJSJ76TTtuGzBKZsVz4X2wV8Nq7ulpebnzfiHl2W79JLL03jwiWXXJI+R0B68sknz1gvcCKD7tx0ce70W7BcLY8Hd5XngWOPPXbG5/mevvrqq/Q6tl++PbgfPE5S9DJt7BN15UKSJEnS7ORx6QwEtJ3kk8TPqfAzJlV4vx14pWl4neNna/hcOwhN7zO0A5Han4zh511iWvJsB2jFO4eQF5/P82Jc/vM4qFuesnbQm37qJV8+fhanPF/yZ7rIl+n5+Rvmzbgc46rmTZ6M53NljG8Hd8V/h8S48jbhp3DK61s3T/5nfWK5SavWr4ztwrz5TAx8rpx/jA+sW/6ZfMjnGdsz3+7Mr26/yDG/PN/yUP4+yutRHvJ16mXaWI5u21KSJElSf2hvV+npCq2Go+qqrSRJkiQtFnVx6cDuoZUkSZIkaT4Z0EqSJEmSxpIB7ZiInz6SJEmSJB3iPbSSJEmSpJHmPbSSJEmSpAXFgFaSJEmSNJYMaCVJkiRJY8mAVpIkSZI0lgxoJUmSJEljyYBWkiRJkjSWDGglSZIkSWNp5ALaO++8s7Vs2bL0O0MbNmwoxgq7d+9O2+XJJ58sxgzfQw89lJbp448/LsYMDnmeddZZKX/2iVdffbV4Z3TN5fYYVaO4X0oLxWI8pkiS1IueAtovvvgiVazlgaBjEI1Z8rj//vtbq1evbm3durW1ZMmS4h3lDh48WLwaHT/++GPxanDWrl3b2rdvX2tiYqK1efPm1g8//FC8MxoIshmqNNkeNFApP5dddlkxZrDmOv+yUdwvc/O9PbS4UD/eeOON0ydkSfn/wIEDxRSzMxfHWEmSFoKeAtpvvvkmpStXrkwBJwPBBkHHDTfckCrv2Xj55ZdT+te//rV12223tZ5//vn0vxYfrvp99913KZC977770jCMQIR50jgdVRGkcRVHhxBI2LtjNCyW/ZNgdtWqVanO4phF3ch++MQTT7gvSpI0x/rqcnzSSSelgJOBQOPzzz9vLV26NFXeVOz92rt3b0qPO+64lGrx+vrrr1N67LHHpnRYvv/+++LVkb799ts09Ov0009vTU1NzerETaerNoPIfxxxIqTKYt0ew7RYripysveCCy5IdSF1InXju+++m07+fvDBB2Nxu4QkSeNqIPfQEoDSTRhxFbcfXOmV8NVXXxWvJGm0cFKEE7thzZo1aVx+MpbX1113XXr9ySefpFSSJA3ewB4KFfcJHX300SkNjKe7GZU/Xc8Y6MZJV7QQD70IMV1+JYUuqNH9k4H8qrqx0b2LgfxjnuWu0OQbDxti4HXVGXTeYx7MO384Ud19Ucyz2zI22R69apInD9tiPOtSFg/1yZd1LpazfI9Z5FleJsbffvvt6TUp/7McncT+EXnXfU+sE+8zPn8AWXkfYB9h/BtvvJH+53XkG9jP8v/LmFfkz/JX3WfOeyx3WXkf5fPkl68P484777z0OrYTQz6fuvz7/W7JOz7HupFPFaYrL0uo2m7598L7vGY+ocn3y/+8B743XjPk61/+PzTZ3oiyQppvi5i+G+ZRXnfEspePQ/HcAvbV0HRf53/Gl6frhmXItwWvmWeOvLvtQ7zXbf+sMpfrx7qx3J2G8nxy7Ces1+WXX97oBOyXX36Z0tNOOy2lnTDf/JjEfKrqpcCyRFmJ6Vn+QH4xvkp8NvDdsd3z/Lp9V5IkjYSpLvJJJicn0//r168vxkxNtSv1qc2bNx8xHvv3759atWpVeo9ptm7dmtKlS5emgc+CfHmP6Rh4zbBnz570/o4dO9L4lStXTr8X+U5MTKRpAsvAdOTPa6bNp8mXNd5jesbt3LmzmOoQxsV8Yvp8fXKxbZgveTItn2Ec76Hp9qgT8+BzoZdtzDSbNm1K/+eYnvdie/eynLzHdLGOdcibz1blyTi+48B7se1iu2/btq1490jkzbR8j+VtT5qL5WX9mDfTMzCOIdaNlGlj3+B1eTliHrnIP7ZV5B/rWV4PxpWXMb6Pqv2dlO8HbLOYNrYTQ3yPqMo/ljs+E8tXnq6MafPliu8v30Yhps3HhZh/LqZn/SL/2Febfr/sg5FPvu3ycl3+DJpub0Q5ivf5LNPH95vvx1ViXuXyEtuQ9cuxvzA+1qGXfb28jPF9dcJ8Iv98W5CGpseHJvtn2VyvH/sUn+k0VC0f6xLfEfNg2fLjYBXyiW2S70N18vVkfWJZY775PhP7RXw3DDEdr0PkUV4nlp3xUcb4P5Y1tjvvlbe5JEnDRN1Vpa+AtjxEJViutKkUeb/cyItGCw2QXOSXI0/yp+Iu5x+Vdd6wiEZBVNS5WP7yfMmXxgBDLpYnX/6YlvH58kTjqtxwYJ6xfL1uj7JY/rzB0kueVcsNtm++7r3kGdPmja0q8b3U5cky5CLffF3rsH3LJyMQ30m+vpFveX+KBiL7cS6Wu0rVe3X5160n4/JGY3zHnfb3PCiu2idy5fwjYCmXD+ZVtQ0D77PsDOX1iu2cL0Nsh6rl6rTd2A/L693L9wvG5eucK7/X7/ZmO7DuIb5f8ukktn++XVg/xrFc5c/HMsSyNd0WkWd5f+6Gsp3nUyW+qybHh277Z9lcr18vmBfLHcdNUta5btvE9AyxHflMvp/Uie1U3m/ZFuxrvMc0gdflfJk/0+X7EMvLuPJ2iu8wtnVMV7XtJUkaFdRVVfrqctyupKefcNyubNNDWH76058e8TCnF198MaUnnHBC6kYWQzwo5P33309pJzxYg/zp9vbZZ5/NyIeuWfj3v/+d0txf/vKX4tVhr732Wkp5OEyeD/myHu1G0hHdzdoNjBldFFnHdiMzveZzoFsgD/5gWvLOcW/VihUr0utBbI+yXvKM+7nefPPNlIJua2zfW2+9tRgz+OVk+9AFtN3QmrEtwfZie7IMzKMfbN+NGzcW/x126aWXpjS+p9wjjzwyY3+95JJLUvrhhx+mdLbK+bOe7B+sZ6euvc8991xK//jHPx5Rnu64446UxtPA+/H3v/89pTfddFNKA/Oq2oYhymG7oX7EerGsg/Loo48esd79fL9N9bu9t2zZMqOs85r9m+NAJ6wHx5ooY3jvvffSuJtvvjl9Pn+w3q5du1L5iGVrui2YjjxfeOGFnm4TiHX685//nNIqc3EcC3O9fr04+eSTU1dput62A7300EKOX+X9JPAgO6Zn4AGJYBmb7J9RN7EP5NgWlLky6pV8/wPLxTEm3wdZXpYhlic89dRTaXxs61NOOSWllL9OXa4lSRpFs3rKcf6EY+4pyhtiiIqV+6jKAwggu4mHaVAhl/OISvo///lPSnNVjY4IVviJoXJesazxdN1Oyk/ejQdhrVu3LqV1BrE9ynrJM4K2Z555JqX4f//v/6X0/PPPTykGvZyxfXgKaJUzzzwzpU22fR0aYdzvxT103BvGQKOtqbpG6iD97Gc/S2k0/KtEGTr77LNTmosGbDwNvB+RPw3iXkQ5rHrq9DHHHFO8mr26vGb7/dYZ5PZuug8RZFDGInD4xz/+kcpGLAMBLgjUOIlw8cUXp/9D023x+OOPp6dwn3HGGWkaTl51wzGCoIjfA+eEIfd0zsVxvZO5XL9+EDw32cfZX6amUq+n1v79+1MQzPdH3Zjf21ol6qaq+dQ96Z3vhXzZn2I7xb6T432WI+7HZb/iO2J8YNk5Qc2Jx5/85Cdp2/d7glGSpPk264dC0YijYYHt27entGxycrJyePvtt4spuuMsdVUeDBGoNbVt27bKfBjKZ73nQtV8GXrZHmVV+THkedIwo7FKo4XGEA1HrnBwBYj3yqryY5jNcs4FGmhcTeFEBSc5WD+G2TasNRoW2vd70UUXpZSr3uAq7Nq1a6evsBHggnVEfrKpl20RgTPHO4JyAit6ukQgXYVleP3111MwxucJbOmRUxUsVh0bGGZzfJjr9eMz8dCjuoFlACdr6YnE90OwTt5Ng2a2I1c/+SwefPDBlA4Ky8H3wtVgjuGxnQhcy66//vqURu+Mv/3tbymN8YET1Hv27EmBLfmzzgS2kiSNuoE85TgaXHHFNFDhgqtBVUOT4PHEE09M6fLlyyvzYGh6ZSSCtlNPPbUyH4Z+xJOd33rrrZTWGcT2KOs1z6uvvjqldDuOrsflK0CDXs7YPtG4K/voo49SGt3eevXAAw+khhwNMRq+cZWExugoifU//vjjU1plyZIlKY1gJxcNbbq29ivy7/XqSzyl9eDBgynN/fDDD8Wrwwb5+8Fz+f3O9fauEt08CTA4scQ6nXPOOWkcvTxiP+F4knc3Rq/bgmMegQsBHycFCQBfeuml4t16LCMnKglw6IGTBzZzcRwLc71+V111Vcqr00BXarDd6YlE3jt27EjLRdDMlWuujJavXFeJOofPdhK9N6rKUlWZi++D5eJqcGwnToiU8X2wD1M/x0lMvsOq74lx0fMqPhPlQJKkUTWQgJaKn8YElXZ+Bju6mFZ1t6KSbNKojt+35Qx31Zn3Xn5W4Be/+EVK77333pTmyLvp2fcyGgE0EDhDXq78Wcdo+Axie5T1mmecfHj66adTd2Maq3nXMwx6OWP70Ngsf5b8OjWwmvj+++9T+tvf/na6Acn3GYHybETAU/5eu7nllltm7K98nvVnPWMZq8TJBe5lK6Oxj/wERJwsaLqu8dnHHnsspYFl7fQTIf/1X/+VUr6r8npdeeWVxX+HcdII5ZM87FOUk170+v2yT1d1vazS6/YeFAJVAte4fzb2fQISAjnKCdupPO/Z7OtxZbgXUXZzvRwfet0/53r9CNQJUjsNVSdIOUZGYEtAy5XRfLsQYFbVRTGu20kRnkGBZ599NqWBOomr5GXUteTJcsXyUs+wjFWuvfbalN59991p/8qfmVCFPON7Dny3XMGma7MkSSNlqot8ksmaJzGCpyOW3+Opi+3G2vT4rcUTINuNuTQuf3ooGMdQxmcYT14TE4d+UoC03aBI43LMpyqPEO/z2ViedjCe8mG5ckxXta6xPGyPEOufL2OsZ0zX6/Yoi+3PZ0I/ebK+vMfA67Je8mQ84/JtUSW2T8yTz8VyMK/yEzsjX9JuYtr4TvN9g/H5ssW0VcvL+PL3zboyvt14TJ/NtxfT8l4u8md65s+yMMSysB1yVfPks4zP91FeM67q+4q8Y175PDrlH99tbK/ydGVMly9XfH+RH+NyscwxH1KWNcbneJ9xVd9LvBfzjeWt+n4R+ykp0zMExtdtj8ifIZaxvL2ZF+PzPAP58l4T8VRZPsNy5livyIuymGO+jO+2LUgZz/LHdEzD0A5o0jRVmC8Dn2GI5eDzoddjTkxLHgzlMpAjH6adq/UbFL4/5h+Yfyw3r/PtwTLFcndSLpex7WN8nke8F9OyHWL9GV/Gd8b4GMrbiDyYTyx7XrYD84/PS5I0DHV1UNeaKf8gQQf/lxtggcq8PCMqUirHeI+BSpgGQVlUyFVoBEUlzhCNmXLFzDR1eYSovCMvXjOu3Hjkvap1ZVreKwdhLGO3fHvZHmXRoCg3GHvNM2+YlNchNM2zbltUYb7RyGPge6r6DhGBZHld67AcsazkS8OM76O8bJ2Wl/Hl7zu2A++V36/a18ifceXPsS9UNeTr5pmvT3y+7vsk33zd84ZvXf4sG9PGZ5gm/1ydWD8+xzz5ftiW/F/+rvheyZf3YjmYlpQ8cp2+F+Tbg8/Wfb/gf76bmG++XPxftT2abu+6Moiq/aEO84ztWM4rthn5VWmyLdj2+TZgiO3fSXk78JpxZbEP5dMyv6pt1mn/rDKX6zeX+B7zZWLZ645vVWKbxufZB9lW5Mv/+bqVyzDbi+nYdoyrEnmX93+wfZlfzDuWnfkE5s97dfulJElzjXqoylH8ab9Ziy5GXSaRJEkjjC7idJXesWPHEbeZSJI0DuriUgNaSZIWOH5ub9++fekhUlX3CUuSNOrq4tKBPBRKkiSNJh7URTC7efNmg1lJ0oJjQCtJ0gL22muvpfSKK65IqSRJC4ldjiVJkiRJI80ux5IkSZKkBcWAVpIkSZI0lgxoJUmSJEljqdE9tJIkSZIkDVNV6Dod0Bq4SpIkSZLGyYyAtirilSRJkiRp9LRa/z/DZg6HQwupqgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\" style=\"width: 821px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4A: Association between antibiotic duration (\u0026gt;3 days vs =\u0026lt; 3 days) and severity of NEC among the NEC patients using binary\u0026nbsp;logistic regression.\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\" style=\"width: 695px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTable 5: Distribution of Placental lesions in infants receiving antibiotics \u0026gt;and =\u0026lt;3 DAYS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"578\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 247px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibiotic duration =\u0026lt; 3 days\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 238px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibiotic duration \u0026gt; 3 days\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCombination\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedical NEC (n=20)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurgical NEC (n=13)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControl (n=70)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedical NEC (n=34)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurgical NEC (n=30)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControl (n=45)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAHC + VE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (7.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (4.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (3.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (6.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAHC + CFR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (61.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (11.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (5.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (26.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (17.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAHC + MVM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (46.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (11.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (11.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (17.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMVM + CFR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (46.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (4.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (5.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (6.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMVM + VE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (7.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (8.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (5.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (3.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (13.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMVM + SGA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (25%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (7.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (12.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (14.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (3.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVE + SGA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (5.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (8.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 578px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAHC = acute histologic chorioamnionitis, VE= Villous edema, CFR = Chorioamnionitis with fetal response, MVM =maternal vascular malformation, GA= small of gestational age\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 6: Placental pathologies and antibiotic exposure\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"621\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOverall\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical NEC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgical NEC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eControl\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcute Histologic Chorio\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAntibiotic duration:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.021\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 3 days\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (42%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (21%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (38%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (63%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 3 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (58%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (79%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (62%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (38%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAntibiotic duration:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 5 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (47%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (26%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (48%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (63%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 5 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34 (53%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (74%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (52%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (38%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChorio w Fetal Response\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAntibiotic duration:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 3 days\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (45%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (22%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (47%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (57%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 3 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (55%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (78%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (53%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (43%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAntibiotic duration:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 5 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (33%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (53%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (57%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 5 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (67%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (47%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (43%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaternal Vascular Malperfusion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAntibiotic duration:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.007\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 3 days\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66 (49%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (33%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39 (64%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 3 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68 (51%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (60%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (67%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (36%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAntibiotic duration:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 5 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93 (69%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (58%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (53%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52 (85%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 5 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41 (31%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (42%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (47%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (15%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSGA Placenta\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAntibiotic duration:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 3 days\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (42%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (14%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (48%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 3 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (60%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (58%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (86%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (52%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAntibiotic duration:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 5 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (70%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (57%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (86%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 5 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 89px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (43%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (14%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5717937/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5717937/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective:\u003c/strong\u003e To determine the association between antibiotic exposure following birth and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) severity in preterm infants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003eThis single center matched case-control study included infants with NEC (n=107) and matched controls (n= 130) with antibiotic exposure =\u0026lt; 3 days and \u0026gt; 3 days after birth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e Out of 212 infants,103 infants (48.5%) received antibiotics =\u0026lt; 3 days, and 109 infants (51.5%) received antibiotics \u0026gt;3 days. On the multivariate regression, Infants receiving antibiotics for \u0026gt;3 day had higher risk for medical NEC (aOR 2.61,95% CI 1.35 -5.16; p=0.005) and surgical NEC (aOR 3.33, CI 1.57-7.40; p=0.02) than controls. In NEC cohort, those receiving antibiotics for \u0026gt;3 days were like to die (OR 7.88,95% CI 1.99- 53.74; p=0.010) than those receiving antibiotics \u0026lt;3 days.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e Infants exposed with early antibiotics \u0026gt;3 days after birth were more likely associated with NEC and were at greater risk of death.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Association of Placental Pathology and antibiotic exposure after birth with the Severity of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm infants - A Matched Case-Control Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-02-04 05:28:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5717937/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8a0ae82e-367e-4d2b-ae39-6fc18d6b8bb3","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 4th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":42335349,"name":"Biological sciences/Developmental biology/Disease model"},{"id":42335350,"name":"Health sciences/Pathogenesis/Infection"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-04T05:28:46+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-02-04 05:28:46","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5717937","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5717937","identity":"rs-5717937","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}