Elementary School Teachers' and Counselors’ Decisions on Referring Students for Evaluation: The Impact of ADHD Traits, Achievement, and Giftedness 

Elementary School Teachers' and Counselors’ Decisions on Referring Students for Evaluation: The Impact of ADHD Traits, Achievement, and Giftedness | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Elementary School Teachers' and Counselors’ Decisions on Referring Students for Evaluation: The Impact of ADHD Traits, Achievement, and Giftedness Avital Tamsut This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4872808/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in Child Psychiatry & Human Development → Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The present study examined the effect of ADHD-related traits, academic-achievement level, and giftedness label on elementary school teachers’ and counselors’ referral recommendations for assessment. 532 teachers and counselors were presented with one of 12 vignettes describing a hypothetical pupil. Participants were asked to report the likelihood they would refer the pupil for ADHD diagnosis and address them during a high-level interdisciplinary school-team meeting (HISTM). High ADHD-related traits (effect size 0.359) and low academic-achievement (effect size 0.070) and their interaction were significantly related to higher likelihood of referral. Further analysis revealed that lower academic achievement was related to higher likelihood of referral only when ADHD-related traits were not indicated (p .05). These findings indicate that mainly ADHD-related traits and to a lesser degree low academic-achievement, influence teachers' decisions to refer pupils for ADHD diagnosis and address them in HISTM. ADHD achievement giftedness teacher referral vignettes Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in Child Psychiatry & Human Development → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 22 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 17 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Aug, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 27 Aug, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 17 Aug, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 07 Aug, 2024 First submitted to journal 07 Aug, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4872808","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":350987123,"identity":"43e894c2-8829-48db-b087-fbe61235c2ea","order_by":0,"name":"Avital Tamsut","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxgYGhgIYpwKImZkbCGlpbGAwYJAAsw+cAWlhJKQFZA1My8E2mL14AP+M5PYHPwwY6vinHX8m/XFebTR/O1DLj4ptOLVI3EhsbOwB2iJxO8dM4uC247kzDjM2MPacuY3bmjMHGxt4QA67ncMG1HIstwGohZmxDbcWeaCWxj9ALfK3059JHJxzLHc+IS0Gxxsbm0G2GNxOADqsoSZ3AyEthkAts2UMJCQ33s4xtjhz7EDuRqCWg/j8IneY/cHHNxU2/HK30x/eqKipy513/vDBBz8q8HgfAiRgjMNg8gAh9cigjhTFo2AUjIJRMEIAAO89XpOmVmRzAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Avital","middleName":"","lastName":"Tamsut","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-08-07 07:43:32","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4872808/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4872808/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-024-01777-0","type":"published","date":"2024-11-28T15:56:56+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":70388597,"identity":"ead42c2d-aff9-4033-8d8e-66d970199b29","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-02 17:26:41","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":519951,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ElementarySchoolTeachersandCounselorsDecisionsonReferringStudentsforEvaluationTheImpactofADHDTraitsAchievementandGiftedness.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4872808/v1_covered_07897100-9405-4bfc-8b46-af6d9c6f6da8.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":" Elementary School Teachers' and Counselors’ Decisions on Referring Students for Evaluation: The Impact of ADHD Traits, Achievement, and Giftedness ","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"child-psychiatry-and-human-development","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"chud","sideBox":"Learn more about [Child Psychiatry \u0026 Human Development](http://link.springer.com/journal/10578)","snPcode":"10578","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10578/3","title":"Child Psychiatry \u0026 Human Development","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"ADHD, achievement, giftedness, teacher referral, vignettes","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4872808/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4872808/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study examined the effect of ADHD-related traits, academic-achievement level, and giftedness label on elementary school teachers\u0026rsquo; and counselors\u0026rsquo; referral recommendations for assessment. 532 teachers and counselors were presented with one of 12 vignettes describing a hypothetical pupil. 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