Comparison of the Effects of Kinesio Taping and Rigid Taping in Knee Osteoarthritis

Comparison of the Effects of Kinesio Taping and Rigid Taping in Knee Osteoarthritis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Comparison of the Effects of Kinesio Taping and Rigid Taping in Knee Osteoarthritis Muhammad Saad, Muhammad Ammad Jamil, Lal Gul Khan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4757796/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: According to different researches kinesio and rigid taping both found to have a positive effect on the treatment for knee osteoarthritis, whereas kind of taping which is more 8 effective still require investigations. Objective: To compare the effect of kinesio taping and rigid taping on the pain, range of motion and limited functioning in knee osteoarthritis. Methodology : A randomize control trails was conducted at ATTA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL from October 2022 to May 2023. 36 Patients aged 40-60 years with grade 1-3 osteoarthritis suffering from 6 months were included in this study. These 36 Patients were randomly divided into two groups, Group A with 18 patients received the Kinesio taping while group B with 18 patients received rigid taping, while conventional therapy was given to both groups. Patients were also guided about postural care. Analysis was done by SPSS 22. Results: Analysis of data within group by Freidman test shows significant improvement in pain, range of knee flexion and extension, and functional activities measured by WOMAC index (p-value is <0.001). However, Mann Whitney U test comparison between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference, indicating the similar effectiveness of all the measured parameters in knee osteoarthritis patients. Conclusion: The study concludes that both interventions, kinesio and rigid taping, along with conventional treatment, are equally effective for reducing pain , increasing range of motion and improving functional limitations for knee osteoarthritis patients. Registration: The trails were registered on classic.clinicaltrails.gov with NCT number: NCT05946434 . Knee osteoarthritis kinesio taping rigid taping Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) in knee is mostly common, degenerative aliment of joint causes by many factors, which leads to constant pain and reduced functionality. The frequent reason of impairment in the United States of America and worldwide is osteoarthritis. Arthritis is a medical word for joint inflammation. Within the public health sector, arthritis refers to over 100 rheumatic diseases and disorder that impact not just the joints but also surrounding soft tissues, and other connective tissue across the body. According to World Health Organization in 2020, osteoarthritis is ranked as the 4 th mostly common reason of disablement that makes this one of the most incapacitating Musculo-skeletal impairment. Mostly occurring symptoms are, discomfort, flexibility reduction, and inability to function (1) . However mostly affected parts are, the hands, knees, hips, and feet. In osteoarthritis patients, mental characteristics such as torture anxiety, depression, and emotional crises were linked to osteoarthritis (2) . The altered pathologies in cartilage, bone, synovium, ligament, muscle, and peri-articular fat that results in dysfunctioning of the joint, agony, restricted motion, limited functions, and the lack of ability of person for their activities like dancing and walking for exercise are its defining characteristics (1,3) . The prevalence for radiographic osteoarthritis may be between 27% and 80% and the risk factors were an increase in age BMI>30, after menopause in females having a family history or any trauma to the knee joint (4) . Knee osteoarthritis impacts a large percentage of people 65 and older in the United States, having a prevalence of 33.6% (12.4 million). 42.1% Women have greater incidences than 31.2% men (5) . The study purpose is to determine the efficacy of two taping technique – kinesio taping and or rigid taping when both combined with conventional treatment—improving the outcome in knee osteoarthritis people or patients. This investigation will guide clinical physical therapists to improve limited movements and performance of different activities of osteoarthritis patients. METHODOLOGY Design Study: Randomized Clinical Trial was the study design. Non- probability convenient sampling was used for sampling technique. G-POWER was used to calculate the size of sample 36. By keeping the effect size of 0.2. These 36 participants were divided into 2 groups equally [Group A (Kinesio taping) & Group B (Rigid taping)]. The duration of study was 1 year. Through G POWER, the significance level chosen for this study is α = 0.05%. A confidence level of 95% was used. The power was set at 0.80% and β = 0.20%. Sample Selection: Table 1: Criteria for Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria of Inclusion Criteria of Exclusion Participant Age group of 40 to 60 years old. Rheumatoid disease affecting entire body. Both male and female genders. Taped applied areas become hypersensitive skin or lesions started there. Radiological results indicate symptomatic knee osteoarthritis graded b/w 1 to 3. Incapable to execute required functional tests mentioned in research protocol. Nature of pain is chronic and Sub-acute in knee. Cancer diagnosed in the region of study. Recent intra-articular injections within 6 months period. Persistent use of painkillers for pain relief in different body regions. Continuous use of any orthotic devices. Unwillingness Tools For Data Collection: For data collection three tools were used. Visual Analogue Scale (scale on which patient pain level is checked). WOMAC Score Index (verified questionnaire to evaluate symptoms and physical functional disability of patients). Goniometer (tool to measure knee range of motion) Data Collection Procedure: INTERVENTION Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be randomized into two groups i.e., Group A and Group B with the help sealed envelope method. Patients was treated for consecutive 28 days and the outcome measures was evaluated at baseline, after initial applications, after 14 days and after 28 days. Data Analysis Procedure: The data was analyzed using a percentage distribution through SPSS-27 software. Data was descriptively analyzed using mean, median, and mode, and graphically displayed via a bar chart. Depending on the normality of the data, RM-ANOVA or Friedman's test was used for within-group changes, and for between of within group comparisons independent t test or Mann Whitney U test were used. RESULTS Through Shapiro-Wilk and p-value data’s normality was checked. Table 3 suggests that data was not normally distributed as most of the p values were >0.05 so we apply Mann Whitney U test to find the interaction between two groups and Freidman test for within group analysis. Table 3: Normality of Data Sr.no. Variables Shapiro wilk p value 1. baseline pain < .001 2. baseline knee flexion .531 3. baseline knee extension < .001 4. baseline womac index score .411 In this research project, 36 people were treated, having a mean age of 52.53±5.475 years, 41 years is minimum age, and 60 years is maximum age. The patients were placed into two groups of 18 each. Mean of the age of Group A participant was 54.56±4.355 years, whereas the mean age of Group B participant was 50.50±5.833 years. Table 3. According to Table 4, 17 participants (i-e., 47.2%) were male, and 19 participants (52.8%) were female. In group A, there were 8 (44.4%) males and 10 (55.6%) females, while in group B, there were 9 (50.0%) males and 9 (50.0%) females. Table 3 demonstrates that 17 (47.2%) subjects have bilateral knee osteoarthritis, 11 (30.6%) have right knee osteoarthritis, and 08 (22.2%) have left knee osteoarthritis. However, in group A, there were 9 (50.0%) patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis, 7 (38.9%) with right knee osteoarthritis and in left knee 2 (11.1%) have osteoarthritis. In group B, 8 (44.4%) have bilateral, 4 (22.2%) have right and 6 (33.3%) have left knee osteoarthritis. Table 4: Demographics Sr. no. VARIABLES GROUP A AND B GROUP A (KT GROUP) GROUP B (RT GROUP) MEAN± SD MEAN± SD MEAN± SD 1. AGE 52.53±5.475 54.56±4.35 50.50±5.833 FREQUENCY ( %) 2. GENDER MALE 17 (47.2%) 8 (44.4%) 9 (50.0%) FEMALE 19 (52.8%) 10 (55.6%) 9 (50.0%) 3. KNEE INVOLVED RIGHT 11 (30.6%) 7 (38.9%) 4 (22.2%) LEFT 08 (22.2%) 2 (11.1%) 6 (33.3%) BILATERAL 17 (47.2%) 9 (50.0%) 8 (44.4%) Table 5 shows that the mean±SD of the total pain score according to Visual Analogue Scale for both groups at baseline, after the first day session, after the 14th day session, and after the 28th day session was 3.11±0.622, 1.92±0.60, 1.06±0.48, and 0.64±0.49, respectively. The mean ± SD for both groups' total range of knee flexion at baseline, after the first day session, after the 14th day session, and after the 28th day session was 102.80 ± 9.79, 109.61 ± 10.77, 114.78 ± 10.64, and 119.22 ± 10.09, respectively. The mean SD of Group A and Group B's total range of knee extension at baseline, after the first day session, after the 14th day session, and after the 28th day session was -3.02±2.54, -0.86±1.52, -0.17±0.56, and -0.06±0.33, respectively. The mean±SD for Group A and Group B at baseline, after the first day session, after the 14th day session, and after the 28th day session was 67.63±10.45, 41.47±7.08, 27.36±5.99, and 14.61±3.32, respectively. Table 5: Descriptive Data Sr.no. VARIABLES OVERALL GROUP A (KT GROUP) GROUP B (RT GROUP) MEAN± SD MEAN± SD MEAN± SD 1. BASELINE PAIN 3.11±0.622 3.28±0.58 2.94±0.64 KNEE FLEXION 102.80±9.79 99.89±7.05 105.73±11.39 KNEE EXTENSION -3.02±2.54 -3.67±2.06 -2.39±2.85 WOMAC SCORE 67.63±10.45 67.67±10.30 67.61±10.90 2. AFTER 1 ST DAY SESSION PAIN 1.92±0.60 2.00±0.69 1.83±0.51 KNEE FLEXION 109.61±10.77 106.72±8.30 112.50±12.33 KNEE EXTENSION -0.86±1.52 -0.83±1.38 -0.89±1.68 WOMAC SCORE 41.47±7.08 42.33±7.49 40.61±6.74 3. AFTER 14 TH DAY SESSION PAIN 1.06±0.48 1.22±0.43 0.89±0.47 KNEE FLEXION 114.78±10.64 111.95±8.13 117.61±12.26 KNEE EXTENSION -0.17±0.56 -0.11±0.47 -0.22±0.65 WOMAC SCORE 27.36±5.99 28.89±5.43 25.83±6.29 4. AFTER 28 TH DAY SESSION PAIN 0.64±0.49 0.72±0.46 0.56±0.51 KNEE FLEXION 119.22±10.09 116.72±8.00 121.72±11.49 KNEE EXTENSION -0.06±0.33 0.00±0.00 -0.11±0.47 WOMAC SCORE 14.61±3.32 15.22±3.49 14.00±3.12 In table 6, one-way repeated measure ANOVA conducted for within the group comparison. In group A VAS, there was a significant result, as F-value 107.82(2.33) and p-value <.001. However, also in group B main effect significance is F- value 165.27(2.62) and p-value <.001. There was a substantial main effect in group A for the knee extension range of motion, with an F-value of 53.32(1.28) and a p-value < 0.001. However, there was an extensive significant effect in group B as well, with an F-value of 13.30(1.20) and a p- value < 0.001. Table 6: ONE WAY REPEATED MEASURE ANOVA Sr. No. Variables Group A KT GROUP Group B RT GROUP F(df) η2 p-value F(df) η2 p- value 1. VAS Baseline 107.82(2.33) 0.864 <0.001 165.27(2.62) 0.907 <0.001 After 1 st Day Session After 14 th Day Session After 28 th Day Session 2. Knee flexion ROM Baseline 308.63(2.35) 0.948 <0.001 431.10(2.10) 0.962 <0.001 After 1 st Day Session After 14 th Day Session After 28 th Day Session 3. Knee extension ROM Baseline 53.32(1.28) 0.758 <0.001 13.30(1.20) 0.439 <0.001 After 1 st Day Session After 14 th Day Session After 28 th Day Session 4. WOMAC score Baseline 488.98(1.47) 0.966 <0.001 510.77(1.52) 0.968 <0.001 After 1 st Day Session After 14 th Day Session After 28 th Day Session As data was not normally distributed so we applied Friedman Test in order to discover if there were differences between the different measurements performed in each of the response variables, each group was examined separately. The results indicate p value <0.001 for pain, range of motion (flexion and extension) and functional status by WOMAC index shows statistically significant effect within the group. Table 7: FREIDMAN ANOVA TEST WITHIN THE GROUPS ANALYSIS Sr. Variables No. Group A KT GROUP Group B RT GROUP Mean Rank p-value Mean Rank p-value 1. VAS Baseline 3.97 .000 3.94 .000 After 1 st Day Session 2.81 2.97 After 14 th Day Session 1.86 1.75 After 28 th Day Session 1.36 1.33 2. Knee flexion ROM Baseline 1.00 .000 1.00 .000 After 1 st Day Session 2.00 2.00 After 14 th Day Session 3.03 3.06 After 28 th Day Session 3.97 3.94 3. Knee extension ROM Baseline 1.08 .000 1.58 .000 After 1 st Day Session 2.64 2.53 After 14 th Day Session 3.11 2.92 After 28 th Day Session 3.17 2.97 4. WOMAC score Baseline 4.0 .000 4.0 .000 After 1 st Day Session 3.0 3.0 After 14 th Day Session 2.0 2.0 After 28 th Day Session 1.0 1.0 In table 8, repeated measure ANOVA was conducted for pairwise comparison. For variable VAS, Group A shows mean rank at baseline - Day 14 2.05 and p value <.001, at 14 th -28 th Day 0.50 and p = <.010 and at baseline - Day 28 mean rank was - 2.55 and p= <.001. In group B, mean rank at baseline - Day 14 2.05 and p value <.001, at 14 th -28 th Day 0.33 and p = 0.029 and at baseline - Day 28 mean difference was - 2.38 and p= <.001. For variable knee extension, Group A shows mean rank at baseline - Day 14 -3.55 and p value <.001, at 14 th -28 th Day -0.111 and p = <0.994 and at baseline - Day 28 mean rank was 3.66 and p= <.001. In group B, mean rank at baseline - Day 14 -2.16 and p value <.001, at 14 th -28 th Day -0.111 and p = 0.994 and at baseline - Day 28 mean rank was 2.27 and p= <.001. Table 8: REPEATED MEASURE ANOVA Sr. No. Variables GROUP A TAPE KINESIO GROUP B RIGID TAPE Mean Rank p-value Mean Rank p-value 1. VAS Baseline- Day 14 2.05 .000 2.05 .000 Day 14- Day 28 0.50 .010 0.33 .029 Baseline to day 28 -2.55 .000 -2.38 .000 2. Knee flexion ROM Baseline- Day 14 -12.05 .000 . -11.8 .000 Day 14- Day 28 -4.77 .000 -4.11 .000 Baseline to day 28 16.83 .000 16.00 .000 3. Knee extension ROM Baseline- Day 14 -3.55 .000 -2.16 .003 Day 14- Day 28 -.111 .994 -.111 .994 Baseline to day 28 3.66 .000 2.27 .005 4. WOMAC score Baseline- Day 14 38.77 .000 41.77 .000 Day 14- Day 28 13.66 .000 11.83 .000 Baseline to day 28 -52.44 .000 -53.61 .000 In table 9, For data of the variables which are not distributed normally non parametric Mann Whitney u test is applied (knee flexion and WOMAC score) for comparing the values of two independent KT group and RT group, result of the test shows that p-values for knee flexion and WOMAC score are >0.05, it indicates that there is no significance difference between the KT group and RT group for the two variables so both are equally effective in increasing flexion range of motion and improving functional activities. Table 9: MANN WHITNEY U TEST Sr. No. Variables GROUP A (KT Group) GROUP B (RT Group) Mean Rank Mean Rank p-value 1. VAS Baseline 20.92 16.08 0.113 After 1 st Day Session 19.67 17.33 0.436 After 14 th Day Session 21.17 15.83 0.036 After 28 th Day Session 20.00 17.00 0.305 2. Knee flexion ROM Baseline 15.03 21.97 0.04 After 1 st Day Session 15.56 21.44 0.09 After 14 th Day Session 15.58 21.42 0.13 After 28 th Day Session 15.53 21.47 0.40 3. Knee extension ROM Baseline 14.72 22.28 0.03 After 1 st Day Session 18.19 18.81 0.86 After 14 th Day Session 19.00 18.00 0.79 After 28 th Day Session 19.00 18.00 0.79 4. WOMAC score Baseline 19.83 17.17 0.46 After 1 st Day Session 20.50 16.50 0.26 After 14 th Day Session 21.33 15.67 0.11 After 28 th Day Session 20.86 16.14 0.18 DISCUSSION Osteoarthritis (OA) in knee is mostly common, degenerative aliment of joint causes by many factors, which leads to constant pain and reduced functionality (4, 6) . According World Health Organization in 2020, osteoarthritis become the 4 th leading cause of disability, and debilitating disorder related to musculoskeletal (1) . The study objective was to check which intervention either kinesio tape along with conventional treatment or rigid tape along with conventional treatment is more effective in reducing discomfort, improvement in ranges of different movements and improving activity limitations in patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis. As result from within the group analysis by Freidman test clearly indicate that, kinesio taping along with conventional treatment and rigid taping along with conventional treatment, there is significant improvement in baseline values of pain, knee flexion range, knee extension range and functional status by WOMAC Index after 28 days period after the application of intervention which is also supported. In previous study “Kinesio taping improves pain, range of motion and proprioception in older patients with knee osteoarthritis”, result indicates that kinesio tape intervention is helpful in knee osteoarthritis for pain improvement and motion range (7) . Past study “Immediate effects of adhesive tape on pain and disability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis” results also shows that rigid tape intervention is effective in knee osteoarthritis for improving functional performance and reducing pain (8) . LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The statistically non significance between the group analysis doesn’t prove that two groups are not relevant, may be the sample size is small that statistical power couldn’t detect the difference entirely. Also, this study conducted includes the patients with age ranging from 40 to 60 may be increasing range above 60 and below 40, or knee osteoarthritis of more severe grade than 3 could result in the statistically significance difference. Additionally, the follow up period for this study is 28 days which cannot prove the effects of interventions for longer period of time which could be increased for future research. CONCLUSION By analyzing data within group by Freidman test p-value is <0.001 which clearly shows that there is significant improvement in patient’s condition in regard to discomfort, limit of knee flexion and extension, and functional activities measured by WOMAC index. Upon comparing the results of two groups using test of Mann Whitney U, statistically there is no significant variation in the measurements, which clearly indicates that improvement in both groups for variables i.e., pain, ranges of knee when flexed, knee when extended and score of Womac is almost same and hence it is concluded that both interventions can be equally effective along with conventional treatment for reducing agony, improving ranges of motion and enhancing activity limitations for patients having knee osteoarthritis. Declarations Acknowledgement: Nil Author’s Contribution: MSJ, LGK conception of protocol, MAJ writing of original article, MSJ, MAJ analysis of data; all authors have revised and approved full version of manuscript. Funding: No funding was obtained for this study. Data availability: All data analyzed or generated in the study are included in this article. Ethics approval: The Research Ethical Committee approved this study. All participants gave written informed consent before data collection began . Competing interest: Not applicable. References Melese H, Alamer A, Hailu Temesgen M, Nigussie FJJoPR. Effectiveness of kinesio taping on the management of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. 2020:1267-76. Katz JN, Arant KR, Loeser RFJJ. Diagnosis and treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis: a review. 2021;325(6):568-78. Malik FB, Memon AG, Shah S, Latif D, Afzal MF, Memon SAJTRJ. PREVALENCE OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG MIDDLE AGED ADULTS OF PAKISTAN: soi: 21-2017/re-trjvol06iss01p280. 2022;6(01):280-3. Ho-Pham LT, Lai TQ, Mai LD, Doan MC, Pham HN, Nguyen TVJPo. Prevalence of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee and its relationship to self-reported pain. 2014;9(4):e94563. Lespasio MJ, Piuzzi NS, Husni ME, Muschler GF, Guarino A, Mont MAJTPJ. Knee osteoarthritis: a primer. 2017;21. Zeng C, Dubreuil M, LaRochelle MR, Lu N, Wei J, Choi HK, et al. Association of tramadol with all-cause mortality among patients with osteoarthritis. 2019;321(10):969-82. Cho H-y, Kim E-H, Kim J, Yoon YWJAjopm, rehabilitation. Kinesio taping improves pain, range of motion, and proprioception in older patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. 2015;94(3):192-200. Hinman R, Bennell K, Crossley K, McConnell JJR. Immediate effects of adhesive tape on pain and disability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. 2003;42(7):865-9. Table Table 2 is available in the Supplementary Files section. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Table2.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4757796","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":334010492,"identity":"b694b04d-5612-4541-8e87-afe07fbbb772","order_by":0,"name":"Muhammad Saad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Riphah International University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"","lastName":"Saad","suffix":""},{"id":334010494,"identity":"e63cb8f8-8d38-4eae-9121-77ecf2203d93","order_by":1,"name":"Muhammad Ammad 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6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":19714,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRanges of Knee Flexion\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4757796/v1/856d9c7611e6b84a9254a4e3.png"},{"id":63271593,"identity":"5ce89673-5fb6-4511-acac-20b06df43ef5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-26 11:27:20","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":20967,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRanges of Knee Extension\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4757796/v1/fa23273d03670d810215ec9a.png"},{"id":63272812,"identity":"c5c00394-7620-4430-911f-67e7ed6fbc16","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-26 11:35:20","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":20314,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRanges of WOMAC Score\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4757796/v1/c881284a5fba0e21cb4a0670.png"},{"id":63274929,"identity":"012e057a-f0e8-4d85-9c4e-026c901b1ad1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-26 11:59:25","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1328164,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4757796/v1/28b34b43-e119-46ba-8333-95cb121da4ae.pdf"},{"id":63271594,"identity":"ded05b00-ddaa-476f-8fab-ba37c5998a3f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-26 11:27:20","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":118959,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table2.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4757796/v1/5a10d3c7def991d980d5ce91.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eComparison of the Effects of Kinesio Taping and Rigid Taping in Knee Osteoarthritis\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eOsteoarthritis (OA) in knee is mostly common, degenerative aliment of joint causes by many factors, which leads to constant pain and reduced functionality. The frequent reason of impairment in the United States of America and worldwide is osteoarthritis. Arthritis is a medical word for joint inflammation. Within the public health sector, arthritis refers to over 100 rheumatic diseases and disorder that impact not just the joints but also surrounding soft tissues, and other connective tissue across the body. According to World Health Organization in\u0026nbsp;2020, osteoarthritis is ranked as the 4\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e mostly common reason of disablement that makes this one of the most incapacitating Musculo-skeletal impairment.\u0026nbsp;Mostly occurring symptoms are, discomfort, flexibility reduction, and inability to function\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e(1)\u003c/sup\u003e. However mostly affected parts are, the hands, knees, hips, and feet.\u0026nbsp;In osteoarthritis patients, mental characteristics such as torture anxiety, depression, and emotional crises were linked to osteoarthritis\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e(2)\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;The altered pathologies in cartilage, bone, synovium, ligament, muscle, and peri-articular fat that results in dysfunctioning of the joint, agony, restricted motion, limited functions, and the lack of ability of person for their activities like dancing and walking for exercise are its defining characteristics\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e(1,3)\u003c/sup\u003e. The prevalence for radiographic osteoarthritis may be between 27% and 80% and the risk factors were an increase in age BMI\u0026gt;30, after menopause in females having a family history or any trauma to the knee joint\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e(4)\u003c/sup\u003e. \u0026nbsp;Knee osteoarthritis impacts a large percentage of people 65 and older in the United States, having a prevalence of 33.6% (12.4 million). 42.1% Women have \u0026nbsp;greater incidences than 31.2% men\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e(5)\u003c/sup\u003e. The study purpose is to determine the efficacy of two taping technique \u0026ndash; kinesio taping and or rigid taping when both combined with conventional treatment\u0026mdash;improving the outcome in knee osteoarthritis people or patients. This investigation will guide clinical physical therapists to improve limited movements and performance of different activities of osteoarthritis patients.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"METHODOLOGY","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDesign Study:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRandomized Clinical Trial was the study design. Non-\u0026nbsp;probability convenient sampling was used for sampling technique.\u0026nbsp;G-POWER was used to calculate the size of sample 36. By keeping the effect size of 0.2. These 36 participants were divided into 2 groups equally [Group A (Kinesio taping) \u0026amp; Group B (Rigid taping)]. The duration of study was 1 year. Through G POWER,\u0026nbsp;the significance level chosen for this study is \u0026alpha;\u0026nbsp;= 0.05%. A confidence level of 95% was used. The power was set at 0.80% and \u0026beta; = 0.20%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample Selection:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1: Criteria for Inclusion and Exclusion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"594\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"46.464646464646464%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCriteria of Inclusion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.535353535353536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCriteria of Exclusion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"46.464646464646464%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticipant Age group of 40 to 60 years old.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.535353535353536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRheumatoid disease affecting entire body.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"46.464646464646464%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBoth male and female genders.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.535353535353536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTaped applied areas become hypersensitive skin or lesions started there.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"46.464646464646464%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRadiological results indicate symptomatic knee osteoarthritis graded b/w 1 to 3.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.535353535353536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncapable to execute required functional tests mentioned in research protocol.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"46.464646464646464%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNature of pain is chronic and Sub-acute in knee.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.535353535353536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCancer diagnosed in the region of study.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"46.464646464646464%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.535353535353536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRecent intra-articular injections within 6 months period.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"46.464646464646464%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.535353535353536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePersistent use of painkillers for pain relief in different body regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"46.464646464646464%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.535353535353536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContinuous use of any orthotic devices.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"46.464646464646464%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.535353535353536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnwillingness\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eTools For Data Collection:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor data collection three tools were used. Visual Analogue Scale (scale on which patient pain level is checked). WOMAC Score Index (verified questionnaire to evaluate symptoms and physical functional disability of patients). Goniometer (tool to\u0026nbsp;measure knee range of motion)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Collection Procedure:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eINTERVENTION\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePatients fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be randomized into two groups i.e., Group A and Group B with the help sealed envelope method. Patients was treated for consecutive 28 days and the outcome measures was evaluated at baseline, after initial applications, after 14 days and after 28 days.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Analysis Procedure:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data was analyzed using a percentage distribution through SPSS-27 software. Data was descriptively analyzed using mean, median, and mode, and graphically displayed via a bar chart. Depending on the normality of the data, RM-ANOVA or Friedman\u0026apos;s test was used for within-group changes, and for between of within group comparisons independent t test or Mann Whitney U test were used.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThrough Shapiro-Wilk and p-value data\u0026rsquo;s normality was checked. Table 3 suggests that data was not normally distributed as most of the p values were \u0026gt;0.05 so we apply Mann Whitney U test to find the interaction between two groups and Freidman test for within group analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3: Normality of Data\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.198347107438018%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSr.no.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.09090909090909%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.710743801652896%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShapiro wilk p value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.198347107438018%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.09090909090909%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ebaseline pain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.710743801652896%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt; .001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.198347107438018%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.09090909090909%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ebaseline knee flexion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.710743801652896%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.531\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.198347107438018%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.09090909090909%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ebaseline knee extension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.710743801652896%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt; .001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.198347107438018%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.09090909090909%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ebaseline womac index score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.710743801652896%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.411\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this research project, 36 people were treated, having a mean age of 52.53\u0026plusmn;5.475 years, 41 years is minimum age, and 60 years is maximum age. The patients were placed into two groups of 18 each. Mean of the age of Group A participant was 54.56\u0026plusmn;4.355 years, whereas the mean age of Group B participant was 50.50\u0026plusmn;5.833 years. Table 3. According to Table 4, 17 participants (i-e., 47.2%) were male, and 19 participants (52.8%) were female. In group A, there were 8 (44.4%) males and 10 (55.6%) females, while in group B, there were 9 (50.0%) males and 9 (50.0%) females. Table 3 demonstrates that 17 (47.2%) subjects have bilateral knee osteoarthritis, 11 (30.6%) have right knee osteoarthritis, and 08 (22.2%) have left knee osteoarthritis. However, in group A, there were 9 (50.0%) patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis, 7 (38.9%) with right knee osteoarthritis and in left knee 2 (11.1%) have osteoarthritis. In group B, 8 (44.4%) have bilateral, 4 (22.2%) have right and 6 (33.3%) have left knee osteoarthritis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4: Demographics\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.690140845070422%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSr. no.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.50704225352113%\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVARIABLES\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.887323943661972%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGROUP A AND B\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.169014084507044%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGROUP A \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;(KT GROUP)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGROUP B \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;(RT GROUP)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.246073298429316%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMEAN\u0026plusmn; SD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.769633507853406%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMEAN\u0026plusmn; SD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.98429319371728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMEAN\u0026plusmn; SD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.690140845070422%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.50704225352113%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAGE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.887323943661972%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.53\u0026plusmn;5.475\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.169014084507044%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.56\u0026plusmn;4.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.50\u0026plusmn;5.833\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFREQUENCY ( %)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.673699015471167%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.253164556962027%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGENDER\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.345991561181435%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMALE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.862165963431785%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (47.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.143459915611814%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (44.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.72151898734177%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (50.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.074380165289256%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFEMALE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.239669421487605%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (52.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.65289256198347%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (55.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.03305785123967%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (50.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.673699015471167%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.253164556962027%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKNEE INVOLVED\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.345991561181435%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRIGHT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.862165963431785%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (30.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.143459915611814%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (38.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.72151898734177%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (22.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.074380165289256%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLEFT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.239669421487605%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e08 (22.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.65289256198347%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (11.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.03305785123967%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (33.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.074380165289256%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBILATERAL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.239669421487605%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (47.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.65289256198347%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (50.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.03305785123967%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (44.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5 shows that the mean\u0026plusmn;SD of the total pain score according to Visual Analogue Scale for both groups at baseline, after the first day session, after the 14th day session, and after the 28th day session was 3.11\u0026plusmn;0.622, 1.92\u0026plusmn;0.60, 1.06\u0026plusmn;0.48, and 0.64\u0026plusmn;0.49, respectively. The mean\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003eSD for both groups\u0026apos; total range of knee flexion at baseline, after the first day session, after the 14th day session, and after the 28th day session was 102.80\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e9.79, 109.61\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e10.77, 114.78\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e10.64, and 119.22\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e10.09, respectively. The mean SD of Group A and Group B\u0026apos;s total range of knee extension at baseline, after the first day session, after the 14th day session, and after the 28th day session was -3.02\u0026plusmn;2.54, -0.86\u0026plusmn;1.52, -0.17\u0026plusmn;0.56, and -0.06\u0026plusmn;0.33, respectively. The mean\u0026plusmn;SD for Group A and Group B at baseline, after the first day session, after the 14th day session, and after the 28th day session was 67.63\u0026plusmn;10.45, 41.47\u0026plusmn;7.08, 27.36\u0026plusmn;5.99, and 14.61\u0026plusmn;3.32, respectively.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5: Descriptive Data\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.605633802816901%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSr.no.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.408450704225352%\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVARIABLES\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOVERALL\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGROUP A (KT GROUP)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGROUP B (RT GROUP)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMEAN\u0026plusmn; SD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMEAN\u0026plusmn; SD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMEAN\u0026plusmn; SD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.605633802816901%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.887323943661972%\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBASELINE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.267605633802816%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePAIN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.11\u0026plusmn;0.622\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.28\u0026plusmn;0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.94\u0026plusmn;0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.544423440453688%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKNEE FLEXION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102.80\u0026plusmn;9.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.89\u0026plusmn;7.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105.73\u0026plusmn;11.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.544423440453688%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKNEE EXTENSION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.02\u0026plusmn;2.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.67\u0026plusmn;2.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.39\u0026plusmn;2.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.544423440453688%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWOMAC SCORE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.63\u0026plusmn;10.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.67\u0026plusmn;10.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.61\u0026plusmn;10.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.605633802816901%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.887323943661972%\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAFTER 1\u003csup\u003eST\u003c/sup\u003e DAY SESSION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.267605633802816%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePAIN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.92\u0026plusmn;0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u0026plusmn;0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.83\u0026plusmn;0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.544423440453688%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKNEE FLEXION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109.61\u0026plusmn;10.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106.72\u0026plusmn;8.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112.50\u0026plusmn;12.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.544423440453688%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKNEE EXTENSION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.86\u0026plusmn;1.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.83\u0026plusmn;1.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.89\u0026plusmn;1.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.544423440453688%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWOMAC SCORE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.47\u0026plusmn;7.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.33\u0026plusmn;7.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.61\u0026plusmn;6.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.605633802816901%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.887323943661972%\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAFTER 14\u003csup\u003eTH\u003c/sup\u003e DAY SESSION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.267605633802816%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePAIN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.06\u0026plusmn;0.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.22\u0026plusmn;0.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.89\u0026plusmn;0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.544423440453688%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKNEE FLEXION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114.78\u0026plusmn;10.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111.95\u0026plusmn;8.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117.61\u0026plusmn;12.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.544423440453688%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKNEE EXTENSION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.17\u0026plusmn;0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.11\u0026plusmn;0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u0026plusmn;0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.544423440453688%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWOMAC SCORE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.36\u0026plusmn;5.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.89\u0026plusmn;5.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.83\u0026plusmn;6.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.605633802816901%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.887323943661972%\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAFTER 28\u003csup\u003eTH\u003c/sup\u003e DAY SESSION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.267605633802816%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePAIN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.64\u0026plusmn;0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u0026plusmn;0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.746478873239436%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.56\u0026plusmn;0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.544423440453688%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKNEE FLEXION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119.22\u0026plusmn;10.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116.72\u0026plusmn;8.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121.72\u0026plusmn;11.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.544423440453688%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKNEE EXTENSION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.06\u0026plusmn;0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u0026plusmn;0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.11\u0026plusmn;0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.544423440453688%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWOMAC SCORE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.61\u0026plusmn;3.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.22\u0026plusmn;3.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.81852551984877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.00\u0026plusmn;3.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn\u0026nbsp;table\u0026nbsp;6,\u0026nbsp;one-way\u0026nbsp;repeated\u0026nbsp;measure\u0026nbsp;ANOVA\u0026nbsp;conducted\u0026nbsp;for\u0026nbsp;within\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;group comparison. In group A VAS, there was a significant result, as F-value 107.82(2.33) and p-value \u0026lt;.001. However, also in group B main effect significance is F- value 165.27(2.62) and p-value \u0026lt;.001.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere was a substantial main effect in group A for the knee extension range of motion, with an F-value of 53.32(1.28) and a p-value \u0026lt; 0.001. However, there was an extensive\u0026nbsp;significant effect\u0026nbsp;in\u0026nbsp;group\u0026nbsp;B as\u0026nbsp;well,\u0026nbsp;with\u0026nbsp;an F-value\u0026nbsp;of\u0026nbsp;13.30(1.20)\u0026nbsp;and a\u0026nbsp;p- value \u0026lt; 0.001.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Table 6: ONE WAY REPEATED MEASURE ANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"696\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.0344827586206895%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSr.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.448275862068964%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.896551724137932%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGroup A\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKT GROUP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.62068965517241%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGroup B\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRT GROUP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.0344827586206895%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.448275862068964%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.655172413793103%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF(df)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.758620689655173%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.482758620689655%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.655172413793103%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF(df)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.620689655172415%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.344827586206897%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep- value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.0344827586206895%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.206896551724139%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVAS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.24137931034483%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.655172413793103%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107.82(2.33)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.758620689655173%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.864\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.482758620689655%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.655172413793103%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165.27(2.62)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.620689655172415%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.907\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.344827586206897%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.926605504587156%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.34862385321101%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e Day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.596330275229358%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.256880733944953%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.091743119266056%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.596330275229358%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.174311926605505%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.009174311926605%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.833333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.833333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.0344827586206895%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.206896551724139%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eflexion\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eROM\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.24137931034483%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.655172413793103%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e308.63(2.35)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.758620689655173%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.948\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.482758620689655%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.655172413793103%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e431.10(2.10)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.620689655172415%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.962\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.344827586206897%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.833333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e Day\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.833333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.833333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eDay\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.0344827586206895%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.206896551724139%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee extension ROM\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.24137931034483%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.655172413793103%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.32(1.28)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.758620689655173%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.758\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.482758620689655%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.655172413793103%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.30(1.20)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.620689655172415%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e0.439\u0026nbsp;\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.344827586206897%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.833333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e Day\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.833333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.833333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.0344827586206895%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.206896551724139%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWOMAC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003escore\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.24137931034483%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.655172413793103%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e488.98(1.47)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.758620689655173%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.966\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.482758620689655%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.655172413793103%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e510.77(1.52)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.620689655172415%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.968\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.344827586206897%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.833333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e Day\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.833333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.833333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter\u0026nbsp;28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.708333333333332%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.416666666666666%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs data was not normally distributed so we applied Friedman Test in order to discover if there were differences between the different measurements performed in each of the response variables, each group was examined separately. The results indicate p value \u0026lt;0.001 for pain, range of motion (flexion and extension) and functional status by WOMAC index shows statistically significant effect within the group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 7: FREIDMAN ANOVA TEST WITHIN THE GROUPS ANALYSIS\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"618\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"35.922330097087375%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSr. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Variables\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30.906148867313917%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGroup A\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKT GROUP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.17152103559871%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGroup B\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRT GROUP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.472491909385114%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.449838187702266%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.50485436893204%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Mean Rank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.401294498381876%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Mean Rank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.50485436893204%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.472491909385114%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.783171521035598%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVAS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.50485436893204%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.401294498381876%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.94\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.50485436893204%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e Day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.81\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.97\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.116883116883116%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.86\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.75\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.116883116883116%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.36\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.33\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.472491909385114%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.783171521035598%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eflexion\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eROM\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.50485436893204%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.401294498381876%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.50485436893204%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e Day\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.116883116883116%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.116883116883116%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.03\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.06\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.116883116883116%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.94\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.472491909385114%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.783171521035598%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eextension\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eROM\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.50485436893204%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.08\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.401294498381876%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.58\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.50485436893204%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.116883116883116%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.64\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.53\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.116883116883116%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.11\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.92\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.116883116883116%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.17\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.97\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.472491909385114%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.783171521035598%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWOMAC score\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.50485436893204%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 4.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.401294498381876%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;4.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.50485436893204%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.64128256513026%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e Day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSession\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.440881763527056%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.0\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.83567134268537%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.64128256513026%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.0\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.440881763527056%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.116883116883116%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.116883116883116%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.44155844155844%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn table 8, repeated measure ANOVA was conducted for pairwise comparison. For variable VAS, Group A shows mean rank at baseline - Day 14 2.05 and p value \u0026lt;.001, at 14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e-28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day 0.50 and p = \u0026lt;.010 and at baseline - Day 28 mean rank was - 2.55 and p= \u0026lt;.001. In group B, mean rank at baseline - Day 14 2.05 and p value \u0026lt;.001, at 14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e-28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day 0.33 and p = 0.029 and at baseline - Day 28 mean difference was - 2.38 and p= \u0026lt;.001.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor\u0026nbsp;variable\u0026nbsp;knee\u0026nbsp;extension,\u0026nbsp;Group\u0026nbsp;A\u0026nbsp;shows\u0026nbsp;mean\u0026nbsp;rank\u0026nbsp;at\u0026nbsp;baseline\u0026nbsp;-\u0026nbsp;Day\u0026nbsp;14\u0026nbsp;-3.55\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;p\u0026nbsp;value\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;.001,\u0026nbsp;at\u0026nbsp;14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e-28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day -0.111 and p = \u0026lt;0.994 and at baseline - Day 28 mean rank was 3.66 and p= \u0026lt;.001. In group B, mean rank at baseline - Day 14 -2.16 and p value \u0026lt;.001, at 14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e-28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day -0.111 and p = 0.994 and at baseline - Day 28 mean rank was 2.27 and p= \u0026lt;.001.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 8: REPEATED MEASURE ANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"610\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.80327868852459%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSr. No.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.508196721311474%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.83606557377049%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.098360655737704%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGROUP A TAPE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKINESIO\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.59016393442623%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGROUP B\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRIGID TAPE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.16393442622950818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.80327868852459%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.508196721311474%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.83606557377049%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean Rank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.80327868852459%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean Rank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.16393442622950818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.80327868852459%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.508196721311474%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.83606557377049%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline- Day 14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.80327868852459%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.16393442622950818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.878281622911693%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDay 14- Day 28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.183770883054894%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.2386634844868735%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.878281622911693%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline to day 28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.183770883054894%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.2386634844868735%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.80327868852459%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.508196721311474%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee flexion ROM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.83606557377049%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline- Day 14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-12.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.80327868852459%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000 .\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-11.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.16393442622950818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.878281622911693%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDay 14- Day 28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.183770883054894%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.2386634844868735%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.878281622911693%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline to day 28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.183770883054894%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.13842482100239%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.80327868852459%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.508196721311474%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee extension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eROM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.83606557377049%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline- Day 14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.80327868852459%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.16393442622950818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.878281622911693%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDay 14- Day 28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.183770883054894%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.994\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.994\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.2386634844868735%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.878281622911693%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline to day 28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.183770883054894%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.2386634844868735%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.80327868852459%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.508196721311474%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWOMAC score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.83606557377049%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline- Day 14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.80327868852459%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.295081967213115%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.16393442622950818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.878281622911693%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDay 14- Day 28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.183770883054894%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.2386634844868735%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.878281622911693%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline to day 28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-52.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.183770883054894%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-53.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.899761336515514%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.2386634844868735%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn table 9, For data of the variables which are not distributed normally non parametric Mann Whitney u test is applied (knee flexion and WOMAC score) for comparing the values of two independent KT group and RT group, result of the test shows that p-values for knee flexion and WOMAC score are \u0026gt;0.05, it indicates that there is no significance difference between the KT group and RT group for the two variables so both are equally effective in increasing flexion range of motion and improving functional activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 9: MANN WHITNEY U TEST\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"594\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.734006734006734%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSr. No.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.468013468013469%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.323232323232325%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.636363636363637%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGROUP A\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(KT Group)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.023569023569024%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGROUP B\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(RT Group)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.814814814814815%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.734006734006734%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.468013468013469%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.323232323232325%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.636363636363637%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean Rank\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.023569023569024%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean Rank\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.814814814814815%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.734006734006734%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.468013468013469%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVAS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.323232323232325%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.636363636363637%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.023569023569024%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.814814814814815%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.50632911392405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.088607594936708%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.839662447257385%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.565400843881857%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.436\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.50632911392405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 14\u003csup\u003eth\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eDay Session\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.088607594936708%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.839662447257385%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.565400843881857%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.50632911392405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.088607594936708%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.839662447257385%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.565400843881857%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.305\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.734006734006734%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.468013468013469%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eflexion\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eROM\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.323232323232325%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.636363636363637%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.023569023569024%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.814814814814815%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.50632911392405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.088607594936708%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.839662447257385%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.565400843881857%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.50632911392405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp; Day Session\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.088607594936708%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.839662447257385%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.565400843881857%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.50632911392405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 28\u003csup\u003eth\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eDay Session\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.088607594936708%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.839662447257385%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.565400843881857%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.734006734006734%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.468013468013469%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eextension ROM\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.323232323232325%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.636363636363637%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.023569023569024%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.814814814814815%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.50632911392405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.088607594936708%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.839662447257385%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.565400843881857%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.50632911392405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 14\u003csup\u003eth\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eDay Session\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.088607594936708%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.839662447257385%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.565400843881857%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.50632911392405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.088607594936708%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.839662447257385%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.565400843881857%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.734006734006734%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.468013468013469%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWOMAC score\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.323232323232325%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.636363636363637%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.023569023569024%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.814814814814815%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.50632911392405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.088607594936708%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.839662447257385%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.565400843881857%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.50632911392405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.088607594936708%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.839662447257385%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.565400843881857%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.50632911392405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter 28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Day Session\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.088607594936708%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.839662447257385%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.565400843881857%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eOsteoarthritis (OA) in knee is mostly common, degenerative aliment of joint causes by many factors, which leads to constant pain and reduced functionality \u003csup\u003e(4, 6)\u003c/sup\u003e. According World Health Organization in 2020, osteoarthritis become the 4\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e leading cause of disability, and debilitating disorder related to musculoskeletal\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e(1)\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;The study objective was to check which intervention either kinesio tape along with conventional treatment or rigid tape along with conventional treatment is more effective in reducing discomfort, improvement in ranges of different movements and improving activity limitations in patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis. As result from within the group analysis by Freidman test clearly indicate that, kinesio taping along with conventional treatment and rigid taping along with conventional treatment, there is significant improvement in baseline values of pain, knee flexion range, knee extension range and functional status by WOMAC Index after 28 days period after the application of intervention which is also supported. In previous study \u0026ldquo;Kinesio taping improves pain, range of motion and proprioception in older patients with knee osteoarthritis\u0026rdquo;, result indicates that kinesio tape intervention is helpful in knee osteoarthritis for pain improvement and motion range\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e(7)\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Past study \u0026ldquo;Immediate effects of adhesive tape on pain and disability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis\u0026rdquo; results also shows that rigid tape intervention is effective in knee osteoarthritis for improving functional performance and reducing pain\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e(8)\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe statistically non significance between the group analysis doesn\u0026rsquo;t prove that two groups are not relevant, may be the sample size is small that statistical power couldn\u0026rsquo;t detect the difference entirely. Also, this study conducted includes the patients with age ranging from 40 to 60 may be increasing range above 60 and below 40, or knee osteoarthritis of more severe grade than 3 could result in the statistically significance difference. Additionally, the follow up period for this study is 28 days which cannot prove the effects of interventions for longer period of time which could be increased for future research.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eBy analyzing data within group by Freidman test p-value is \u0026lt;0.001 which clearly shows that there is significant improvement in patient\u0026rsquo;s condition in regard to discomfort, limit of knee flexion and extension, and functional activities measured by WOMAC index. Upon comparing the results of two groups using test of Mann Whitney U, statistically there is no significant variation in the measurements, which clearly indicates that improvement in both groups for variables i.e., pain, ranges of knee when flexed, knee when extended and score of Womac is almost same and hence it is concluded that both interventions can be equally effective along with conventional treatment for reducing agony, improving ranges of motion and enhancing activity limitations for patients having knee osteoarthritis.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgement:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNil\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u0026rsquo;s Contribution:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMSJ, LGK conception of protocol, MAJ writing of original article, MSJ, MAJ analysis of data; all authors have revised and approved full version of manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funding was obtained for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll data analyzed or generated in the study are included in this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval: \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Research Ethical Committee approved this study. All participants gave written informed consent before data collection began\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interest:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMelese H, Alamer A, Hailu Temesgen M, Nigussie FJJoPR. Effectiveness of kinesio taping on the management of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. 2020:1267-76.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKatz JN, Arant KR, Loeser RFJJ. Diagnosis and treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis: a review. 2021;325(6):568-78.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMalik FB, Memon AG, Shah S, Latif D, Afzal MF, Memon SAJTRJ. PREVALENCE OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG MIDDLE AGED ADULTS OF PAKISTAN: soi: 21-2017/re-trjvol06iss01p280. 2022;6(01):280-3.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHo-Pham LT, Lai TQ, Mai LD, Doan MC, Pham HN, Nguyen TVJPo. Prevalence of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee and its relationship to self-reported pain. 2014;9(4):e94563.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLespasio MJ, Piuzzi NS, Husni ME, Muschler GF, Guarino A, Mont MAJTPJ. Knee osteoarthritis: a primer. 2017;21.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZeng C, Dubreuil M, LaRochelle MR, Lu N, Wei J, Choi HK, et al. Association of tramadol with all-cause mortality among patients with osteoarthritis. 2019;321(10):969-82.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCho H-y, Kim E-H, Kim J, Yoon YWJAjopm, rehabilitation. Kinesio taping improves pain, range of motion, and proprioception in older patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. 2015;94(3):192-200.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHinman R, Bennell K, Crossley K, McConnell JJR. Immediate effects of adhesive tape on pain and disability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. 2003;42(7):865-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Table","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable 2 is available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Knee osteoarthritis, kinesio taping, rigid taping","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4757796/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4757796/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003eAccording to different researches kinesio and rigid taping both found to have a positive effect on the treatment for knee osteoarthritis, whereas kind of taping which is more 8 effective still require investigations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective:\u003c/strong\u003eTo compare the effect of kinesio taping and rigid taping on the pain, range of motion and limited functioning in knee osteoarthritis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethodology\u003c/strong\u003e: A randomize control trails was conducted at ATTA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL from October 2022 to May 2023. 36 Patients aged 40-60 years with grade 1-3 osteoarthritis suffering from 6 months were included in this study. These 36 Patients were randomly divided into two groups, Group A with 18 patients received the Kinesio taping while group B with 18 patients received rigid taping, while conventional therapy was given to both groups. Patients were also guided about postural care. Analysis was done by SPSS 22.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e Analysis of data within group by Freidman test shows significant improvement in pain, range of knee flexion and extension, and functional activities measured by WOMAC index (p-value is \u0026lt;0.001). However, Mann Whitney U test comparison between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference, indicating the similar effectiveness \u0026nbsp;of all the measured parameters in knee osteoarthritis patients.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e The study concludes that both interventions, kinesio and rigid taping, along with conventional treatment, are equally effective for reducing pain , increasing range of motion and improving functional limitations for knee osteoarthritis patients.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegistration:\u003c/strong\u003e The trails were registered on classic.clinicaltrails.gov with NCT number: \u003ca href=\"https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05946434\" title=\"Current version of study NCT05946434 on ClinicalTrials.gov\"\u003eNCT05946434\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Comparison of the Effects of Kinesio Taping and Rigid Taping in Knee Osteoarthritis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-26 11:27:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4757796/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"218b519f-630f-4677-aa77-06164508869c","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 26th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-26T11:27:18+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-26 11:27:15","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4757796","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4757796","identity":"rs-4757796","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}