What makes a good quantum outreach video? An evaluation framework for a quantum video playlist | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article What makes a good quantum outreach video? An evaluation framework for a quantum video playlist Daria Anttila, Philipp Bitzenbauer, Stina Scheer, Diana Tartaglia, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8047505/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in EPJ Quantum Technology → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract With the increasing applications and industrialization of quantum-based technologies, quantum literacy is becoming progressively important for the general public. Online outreach videos are a popular tool due to their adaptability to complex contents. However, they can contain misinformation and foster inaccurate interpretations of quantum principles. The European Quantum Technology Flagship is addressing this by curating a selection of material available to the public. Nevertheless, a crucial aspect of selecting quantum outreach videos, assessing their explanatory quality, is not yet univocally defined. To close this gap, we iteratively developed an evaluative framework for quantum outreach videos, drawing on existing literature concerning educational videos. Two raters applied the final version of the framework to 20 videos from the Quantum Technology Flagship's “quantum video playlist” (Cohen's kappa 0.48). The results showed that some subcategories were coded rarely or not reliably enough, so a condensed version of the framework was introduced (Cohen's kappa 0.59). While foreseeing an application of this framework to collections of quantum outreach videos, our study sheds light on the aspects to consider when creating such videos and highlights the importance of better defining how using certain subcategories can improve the explanatory quality of a video. Quantum videos playlist Quantum outreach Quantum Flagship Video explanatory quality evaluation framework Full Text Additional Declarations Competing interest reported. Some of the authors (C.T., J.S. and S.G.) are involved in the activities of the Quantum Flagship coordination and support action QUCATS, Grant Agreement ID 101070193 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in EPJ Quantum Technology → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 02 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 01 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 10 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 10 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 10 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 06 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8047505","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":545484918,"identity":"634dfbe4-421e-4de7-9087-f8754c624873","order_by":0,"name":"Daria Anttila","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Jyväskylä","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Daria","middleName":"","lastName":"Anttila","suffix":""},{"id":545484919,"identity":"1e138fc7-4d73-4821-9c15-9fc3d45cea43","order_by":1,"name":"Philipp Bitzenbauer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Leipzig University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Philipp","middleName":"","lastName":"Bitzenbauer","suffix":""},{"id":545484920,"identity":"a219a8b5-6a84-46d3-840a-b1267bb89c17","order_by":2,"name":"Stina Scheer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Leibniz University Hannover","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Stina","middleName":"","lastName":"Scheer","suffix":""},{"id":545484921,"identity":"81149f3b-a9a3-48f6-ad65-385476c6a20e","order_by":3,"name":"Diana Tartaglia","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABEUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCw8icBwYMcmwwDhumYmQtBhAVCQYMxggtuPQcQNHCwJDYAJfCoYXvOPOzBz8Y/sibz29+/CKhwC69T7r5AMPPHfcY+OQbsGqRPMxmbtjDYGA45xibmUWCQXJum8yxBMbeM8U4HWZwmMFMgofBgHEGG4OZQYIBc26bRI4BM2NbAh4t7N8k/zAY2M9gY/8G1FKfzkZYC4+ZNNCWxBlsPMYPEgwOJxDUInmYp0xaxsA4eQZbThkwkI8btkmkJRzsbUvgYWNLwB5i549vk3xTIWc7g/n45g8f/lTLy89IPvjgZ1uCnDww5HADAzDJJgHjg9Ty4FEPB8wfiFE1CkbBKBgFIw8AABw6TgRzA+jmAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"National Research Council","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Diana","middleName":"","lastName":"Tartaglia","suffix":""},{"id":545484922,"identity":"7dd3dcef-557a-4ce0-80b4-d74d6c7ddf1e","order_by":4,"name":"Bart Folkers","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Twente","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bart","middleName":"","lastName":"Folkers","suffix":""},{"id":545484923,"identity":"24696024-a29d-4c7b-85a7-3d35897007b7","order_by":5,"name":"Simon Goorney","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Aarhus University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Simon","middleName":"","lastName":"Goorney","suffix":""},{"id":545484924,"identity":"c7ac46a4-37d3-4e61-9950-2cb039b8e094","order_by":6,"name":"Sohan Vartak","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sohan","middleName":"","lastName":"Vartak","suffix":""},{"id":545484927,"identity":"95133d9b-448c-47a4-85c6-86f719ab40d8","order_by":7,"name":"Jacob Sherson","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Aarhus University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jacob","middleName":"","lastName":"Sherson","suffix":""},{"id":545484928,"identity":"16464489-08e0-42d1-a7a0-b396f20553a9","order_by":8,"name":"Costanza Toninelli","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Research Council","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Costanza","middleName":"","lastName":"Toninelli","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-11-06 11:38:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8047505/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8047505/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00461-z","type":"published","date":"2026-04-02T16:00:01+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":96259768,"identity":"f23ffa4a-790e-4d3c-982f-331c6b6a9d3c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:04","extension":"json","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9882,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"6948f3785c5841e8bcbd41cc7e59f728.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/f79eec74f6576ca29e265ea7.json"},{"id":96259712,"identity":"cb0a5cc2-018c-416a-a939-3ea7ef782ded","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:02","extension":"xml","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":153625,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"6948f3785c5841e8bcbd41cc7e59f7281enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/1f1a88aa81771aae5b748ac8.xml"},{"id":96259739,"identity":"0be9b1ae-1ef5-4829-a1cd-bd18a1022332","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:02","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":966947,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ArticoloFramework.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/88b055d27880324db1fa8529.png"},{"id":96259763,"identity":"3b3b0463-b1f2-40fa-8d5e-c4807177d614","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:04","extension":"pdf","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":39065,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Coverletter.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/4ba678e925d6009a01e2b217.pdf"},{"id":96259760,"identity":"9f8f815a-048c-4b97-898d-b017032c7437","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:03","extension":"pdf","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":893720,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"WhatmakesagoodquantumoutreachvideoAnevaluationframeworkforaquantumvideoplaylist.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/30cdf60fe53091e28ada76c4.pdf"},{"id":96259775,"identity":"b5c129f7-f488-428b-bc3e-dc124972e5da","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:05","extension":"eps","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2890,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"empty.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/436f8ce5e89dff78704393c4.eps"},{"id":96259816,"identity":"29123758-c257-4716-bc39-1ae12d878c73","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:10","extension":"eps","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":91593,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"fig.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/d8115aff15af1daf576470b0.eps"},{"id":96259588,"identity":"4b565f1b-c15e-40e8-bcbd-3771486bdb97","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:55:56","extension":"bst","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":146013,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snapacite.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/4d4dae6b97b1bd0130ce1fcb.bst"},{"id":96259813,"identity":"0e5bd8fb-7c8e-4e3a-b9c2-ff8d6af04fd5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:09","extension":"bst","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":29828,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snaps.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/046769285ec5269c0b348061.bst"},{"id":96259756,"identity":"edbbdb16-f348-47fe-a2e1-b92287f963ce","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:03","extension":"pdf","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":421391,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snarticle.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/23a022cdaffec5847279b291.pdf"},{"id":96259702,"identity":"ad8a1ffe-ad61-4ed0-85f7-907bc0e79ff4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:01","extension":"bst","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":35515,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snbasic.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/a6986347fae822b0ab4bcf25.bst"},{"id":96259801,"identity":"f14d8dfc-20bd-4f93-8ae4-0874666eb931","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:06","extension":"bst","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":33968,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snchicago.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/829801b664a4cee3db990b81.bst"},{"id":96259608,"identity":"d60badb5-bb79-4be7-8230-64aaf40b0fa0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:55:58","extension":"cls","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":55857,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snjnl.cls","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/638dd91ed240beabe17e658c.cls"},{"id":96259604,"identity":"06ba1895-0938-48f2-a18c-be40aacff1f1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:55:57","extension":"bst","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":64023,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snmathphysay.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/c11a010df974f7095398bf18.bst"},{"id":96259772,"identity":"f776a5bd-d804-4416-ad0e-92625b08a568","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:05","extension":"bst","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":64166,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snmathphysnum.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/a7aa7c3efd530a14a770d923.bst"},{"id":96260029,"identity":"8f274890-ea13-48ac-a079-e8de8a36f41a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:18","extension":"bst","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":37333,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snnature.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/15b46257cce18a429d7f1fb2.bst"},{"id":96259706,"identity":"5a7e699b-4036-4fe3-a911-8d3e643d0d6a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:01","extension":"bst","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":39951,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snvancouveray.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/9bd7f0924f61154af6680849.bst"},{"id":96259736,"identity":"91edeb78-1497-46b7-898a-8ec6e01faedc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:02","extension":"bst","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":40758,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snvancouvernum.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/2f8919848492ee5977c1ae4a.bst"},{"id":96259896,"identity":"c14ee141-38d2-4d1c-b1e3-2771b417b7e7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:15","extension":"pdf","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":418495,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"usermanual.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/d61708e2a283e825c437491e.pdf"},{"id":96259797,"identity":"6c7c97ea-6224-4439-963a-8d2e955dcca5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:56:06","extension":"xml","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":163784,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"6948f3785c5841e8bcbd41cc7e59f7281structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/cf12a179c5bd1cd338403d7e.xml"},{"id":96259610,"identity":"24a9e643-f552-4910-85ad-d7ce7706b25a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:55:58","extension":"html","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":166511,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1/f2ef433a99933322630bac45.html"},{"id":106344508,"identity":"ccc44050-876d-48ff-a0b3-51f120d572cd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 16:15:14","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1194568,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"WhatmakesagoodquantumoutreachvideoAnevaluationframeworkforaquantumvideoplaylist.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8047505/v1_covered_30a90ff8-7c06-411d-93e5-661f225c967a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"Competing interest reported. Some of the authors (C.T., J.S. and S.G.) are involved in the activities of the Quantum Flagship coordination and support action QUCATS, Grant Agreement ID 101070193","formattedTitle":"What makes a good quantum outreach video? An evaluation framework for a quantum video playlist","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"epj-quantum-technology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"epjq","sideBox":"Learn more about [EPJ Quantum Technology](http://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com)","snPcode":"40507","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/40507/3","title":"EPJ Quantum Technology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Quantum videos playlist, Quantum outreach, Quantum Flagship, Video explanatory quality evaluation framework","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8047505/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8047505/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWith the increasing applications and industrialization of quantum-based technologies, quantum literacy is becoming progressively important for the general public. Online outreach videos are a popular tool due to their adaptability to complex contents. However, they can contain misinformation and foster inaccurate interpretations of quantum principles. The European Quantum Technology Flagship is addressing this by curating a selection of material available to the public. Nevertheless, a crucial aspect of selecting quantum outreach videos, assessing their explanatory quality, is not yet univocally defined. To close this gap, we iteratively developed an evaluative framework for quantum outreach videos, drawing on existing literature concerning educational videos. Two raters applied the final version of the framework to 20 videos from the Quantum Technology Flagship's \u0026ldquo;quantum video playlist\u0026rdquo; (Cohen's kappa 0.48). The results showed that some subcategories were coded rarely or not reliably enough, so a condensed version of the framework was introduced (Cohen's kappa 0.59). While foreseeing an application of this framework to collections of quantum outreach videos, our study sheds light on the aspects to consider when creating such videos and highlights the importance of better defining how using certain subcategories can improve the explanatory quality of a video.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"What makes a good quantum outreach video? An evaluation framework for a quantum video playlist","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-19 07:43:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8047505/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-02T08:34:37+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-01T19:05:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-21T08:29:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"40219776591773361342583670424897312780","date":"2025-11-12T22:35:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"200986098840312126418692211229691837337","date":"2025-11-12T12:07:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"219908872752364039766178152225754961086","date":"2025-11-12T09:55:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-10T09:39:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-10T09:36:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-10T05:05:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"EPJ Quantum Technology","date":"2025-11-06T11:25:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"epj-quantum-technology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"epjq","sideBox":"Learn more about [EPJ Quantum Technology](http://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com)","snPcode":"40507","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/40507/3","title":"EPJ Quantum Technology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5f55fc83-d6b7-4e87-a68e-d23e5b31225a","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 19th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-07T16:08:32+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8047505","link":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00461-z","journal":{"identity":"epj-quantum-technology","isVorOnly":false,"title":"EPJ Quantum Technology"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-02 16:00:01","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 2nd, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-19 07:43:35","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00461-z","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00461-z","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8047505","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8047505","identity":"rs-8047505","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}
Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below.
Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure
cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can
have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy
(via DOI)
is the canonical version.