Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Curcumin-Infused Calcium Phosphate Silicate Cement: Material Characterization and Biocompatibility Assessment for Bone Cancer Defect Repair

Abstract This study introduces a pioneering approach in bone tissue engineering for addressing defects caused by bone cancer, utilizing a novel injectable curcumin (Cur)-infused calcium phosphate silicate cement (CPSC). The research focuses on evaluating the dual functionality of CPSC-Cur: promoting bone regeneration and exerting cytotoxic effects on osteosarcoma cells. The material's physicochemical properties, biocompatibility with osteoblasts, and cytotoxicity towards osteosarcoma cells were rigorously analyzed. The findings demonstrate that CPSC-Cur significantly prolongs the setting time, which can be optimized by adding silanized cellulose nanofiber (CNF-SH) to achieve a balance between workability and mechanical strength. Biological assessments reveal a pronounced cytotoxic effect on osteosarcoma cells while maintaining minimal toxicity towards pre-osteoblasts, highlighting CPSC-Cur's potential as a promising material for repairing bone defects following cancer removal. This study lays the groundwork for future investigations into CPSC-Cur's in vivo efficacy and its role in the clinical treatment of bone cancer-related defects.