Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Phenotypic Diversity of Hydrangea Germplasm Resources

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This study conducted genetic diversity, correlation, clustering, and principal component analyses on 26 phenotypic traits across 190 hydrangea germplasm resources, providing theoretical foundations for future breeding and germplasm innovation. Results revealed that the coefficient of variation (CV) for quantitative traits ranged from 23.54% to 121.87%, with the CV for sterile flower calyx number being the highest. Diversity indices for quality and quantitative traits were 0.3143-1.3671 and 0.6134-1.4507 respectively, indicating greater genetic diversity than quantitative traits. These findings demonstrate rich phenotypic diversity and extensive trait variation in hydrangea germplasm resources, suggesting substantial breeding potential. Correlation analysis showed 14 pairs of traits exhibited highly significant positive correlations, while 7 pairs demonstrated significant positive correlations, indicating inherent phenotypic associations. Clustering analysis divided the 190 hydrangea varieties into five groups, with plant height, leaf length, leaf width, sterile calyx diameter, and sterile flower calyx number being key phenotypic traits for group classification. Principal component analysis revealed that the first four principal components (PCs) with cumulative variance contribution exceeding 74.12% captured most information, effectively reflecting fundamental characteristics of hydrangea varieties. Comprehensive evaluations ranked Group V hydrangeas as the most ornamental, followed by Groups IV, III, and II, while Group I hydrangeas showed the poorest ornamental performance. These findings establish a foundation for developing new hydrangea varieties with superior overall characteristics and high ornamental value. Biological sciences/Genetics Biological sciences/Plant sciences hydrangea phenotypic traits quantitative traits quality traits diversity comprehensive evaluation Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Hydrangea macrophylla , a perennial shrub in the Hydrangeaceae family, is also known as hydrangea . This plant boasts remarkable ornamental and medicinal value, ranking among the world's three most celebrated garden plants(W et al. 2025, Get al. 2024). Its large, dense inflorescences feature diverse flower shapes and vibrant colors, while glossy leaves make it both a flowering and foliage highlight, making it a key ornamental species in landscaping(Y et al. 2023). Globally, there are approximately 73 species, with China hosting 47 species and 11 varieties(Y 2009). As one of the global hubs for hydrangea resources, China preserves abundant wild populations. Initially cultivated for landscaping and potted flowers, hydrangeas have recently gained prominence in cut flower production, emerging as the sixth major cut flower after roses, carnations, lilies, bellflowers, and African daisies(Z 2018). Recent growth in sales and cultivation areas indicates promising prospects. However, issues like haphazard introduction and non-standard procedures have led to unclear domestic variety resources and application status, coupled with an underdeveloped germplasm evaluation system(Z 1994). Exploring phenotypic diversity helps researchers understand species' evolutionary potential and genetic stability, providing scientific references for quality germplasm screening and gene research(Z et al. 2019). Establishing a scientific and accurate germplasm evaluation system is therefore crucial for advancing the hydrangea industry. Current methods for evaluating phenotypic traits in sugar beets include diversity analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis(B et al. 2021,A et al. 2010). Liu Dali employed these three approaches to assess genetic variation levels of 215 sugar beet germplasm resources, categorizing them into four groups to provide theoretical support for germplasm selection, utilization, and breeding(D et al. 2022). Miao Yanhua conducted comprehensive evaluations of 17 traits across 114 hydrangea varieties, classifying them into three ornamental categories to identify varieties with excellent aesthetic appeal suitable for regional applications(Y et al. 2022). Current research on hydrangeas primarily focuses on development and utilization. Sun Xiaobo successfully screened aluminum salt concentrations, achieving the first direct blue-changing effect in red hydrangea cut flowers(X et al. 2025), thereby enhancing commercial ornamental value and expanding market demand for related products. However, phenotypic trait analysis remains underexplored, with studies on diversity and comprehensive evaluation lacking nationwide standardized criteria. This study employs multiple analytical methods including diversity analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis to elucidate genetic diversity and phenotypic characteristics of hydrangea germplasm resources. It clarifies evolutionary relationships and morphological variation patterns among varieties, establishing a scientific germplasm evaluation system. These findings provide theoretical foundations for hydrangea improvement, core germplasm construction, and molecular marker-assisted breeding. It is helpful to optimize the protection strategy of hydrangea germplasm resources, accelerate the screening process of excellent traits, and finally improve the accuracy and efficiency of new hydrangea variety breeding. Materials and Methods 1.1 Plant materials Plant materials were investigated in Nanguoshan Hydrangea Base, Yangzong County, Yunnan Province (24°85 'N, 102°97' E), and a total of 190 plant materials were collected.There are a total of 190 plant materials in the text, the first 19 belong to the original species of hydrangeas, which have been clearly identified in the plant catalog. There are many citation numbers mentioned, and I will not list them all here. The remaining 171 species belong to hydrangea varieties, identified by Mr. Yang Yuyong. The demonstration base is Kunming Yangyueji Horticultural Co., Ltd. in Yunnan Province. Table 1. Serial number of hydrangea varieties No. Name No. Name No. Name No. Name No. Name 1 H. chinensis. Maxim 39 H.m. 'oak hill' 77 H.m. 'Hulan' 115 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Wedding March 153 H.p. 'Feicuita' 2 H. shaochingii Chun 40 H.m. 'Enchantress' 78 H.m. 'Ziyuan' 116 H.i.'Hortensis'.Satin 154 H.p. 'Fangjingta' 3 H. gracilis W.T.Wang et Nie 41 H.m. 'Benediction' 79 H.m. 'Bikong' 117 H.p. 'Shuiyu' 155 H.p. 'Fendaita' 4 H. ZhewanensisHSU Hsu.et X.p.Zhang 42 H.i 'Hortensis'.Kaleidoscope 80 H.m. 'Xuehua' 118 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Zhu zi zhi feng 156 H.p. 'Yuta' 5 H. coenobialis Chun 43 H.m. 'Baby blue' 81 H.m. 'Qingquan' 119 H.i. 'Hortensis'. 157 H.p. 'Liulita' 6 H. stenophylla Merr.et Chen 44 H.m. 'Adula lila' 82 H.m. 'Xingkong' 120 H.i. 'Hortensis'. Princess Anne 158 H.p. 'Yingshita' 7 H. stenohylla Merr.et Chen.var.'Duo Hua' 45 H.m. 'Purple Melody' 83 H.m. 'Zijuan' 121 H.p. 'Uniqeue' 159 H.p. 'Hongshita' 8 H. stenohylla. var'Hua Ye' 46 H.m. 'Masja' 84 H.m. 'Shenshizhihua' 122 H.p. 'Dolly' 160 H.p. 'Shuijingta' 9 H. Strigosa Rehd 47 H.m. 'Bowen' 85 H.m. 'Zhuyuanyurun' 123 H.p. 'Diamond' 161 H.m. 'Gaota' 10 H. strigosa Rehd var.'Fen E' 48 H.m. 'Mona Lisa' 86 H.m. 'Fanhua' 124 H.p. 'Grandiflora' 162 H.m. 'Linglongcaita' 11 H. coacta Wei 49 H.m. 'Mameili' 87 H.m. 'Yingta' 125 H.p. 'Limelight' 163 H.m. 'Yanzhita' 12 H. coacta Wei.var.‘Duo Hua' 50 H.m. 'Tianmihuanxiang' 88 H.m. 'Bingta' 126 H.p. 'White Moth' 164 H.a. 'Roufen Annabelle' 13 H. glabripes. Rehd 51 H.m. 'Rock and Roll' 89 H.m. 'Caishita' 127 H.p. 'Little Lamb' 165 H.a. 'Yanfen Annabelle' 14 H. rosthornii Diels 52 H.m. 'Masja' 90 H.m. 'Caixia' 128 H.p. 'Praecox' 166 H.a. 'Xiangyase Annabelle' 15 H. Rehd 53 H.m. 'Xin xiang yin' 91 H.m. 'Duohuaroumaoxiuqio' 129 H.p. 'Pink elf' 167 H.a. 'Jiaoyan Annabelle' 16 H .Rehd.var.giraldii Wei 54 H.m. 'Bodalan' 92 H.m. ‘Colouredglaze’ 130 H.p. 'Strawberrysundae' 168 H.a. 'Zhenzhu Annabelle' 17 H .mollis（Rehd）W.T.Wang 55 H.m. 'Qiaobanlan' 93 H.m. 'Classcrood' 131 H.p. 'Smhpfl' 169 H.a. 'Daban Annabelle' 18 H. glancophylla. C.C.Yang var.scricea 56 H.m. 'Sapphire' 94 H.m. 'Jewel' 132 H.p. 'Snowseductive' 170 H.a. ' Zifen Annabelle' 19 H. quercifolia. W. Bartram 57 H.m. 'Chaziyanhong' 95 H.m. 'Topaz' 133 H.p. 'Bobo' 171 H.a. 'Zijia Annabelle' 20 H.s. 'Shuijingzi' 58 H.m. 'Huatuanjincu' 96 H.m. 'Bayitianshi' 134 H.p. 'Polarbear' 172 H.a. 'Gudian Annabelle' 21 H.s. 'First love' 59 H.m. 'Qingshanlvshui' 97 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Ball 135 H.p. 'Polarstar' 173 H.a. 'Jianzhuang Annabelle' 22 H.s. 'Pink memories' 60 H.m. 'Ao shuang hong' 98 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Floweret 136 H.p. 'Summerbeauty' 174 H.a. 'Nenjia Annabelle' 23 H.s. 'Marisli' 61 H.m. 'Lantian' 99 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Komachi 137 H.p.'Huoliqingning' 175 H.a. 'Huancai Annabelle' 24 H.s. 'Seafoam' 62 H.m. 'Tuan yuan' 100 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Fuji Waterfall 138 H.p.'Pilibeibei' 176 H.a. 'Xiaoban Annabelle' 25 H.s. 'Ted meredith' 63 H.m. 'Yuan ye' 101 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Kitchen 139 H.p. 'Magiccandles' 177 H.a. 'Shexiang Annabelle' 26 H.s. 'Tosaryokufu' 64 H.m. 'Shen lan' 102 H.i. 'Hortensis'.The Milky Way 140 H.p. 'Phantom' 178 H.a. 'Caihong Annabelle' 27 H.s. 'Sanseziyanghua' 65 H.m. 'Hu Po' 103 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Hand bow 141 H.p. 'Baiyu' 179 H. arborescens 28 H.s. 'Yuanjiang' 66 H.m. 'Qianying' 104 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Fashion 142 H.p. 'mohunyueguang' 180 H.a. 'Annabelle' 29 H.s. 'Ziri' 67 H.m. 'Mengjing' 105 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Evita 143 H.p.'MOjituo' 181 H.a. 'Worth cherish' 30 H.m. 'Huakaifugui' 68 H.m. 'Ruixue' 106 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Altair 144 H.p. 'Limelight' 182 H.a. 'Invincible Annabelle' 31 H.m. 'Magica Opal' 69 H.m. 'Jingui' 107 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Miss yarn Weave 145 H.p.'Yingyuan' 183 H.a. 'Pink Annabelle' 32 H.m. 'Marsepein' 70 H.m. 'Renmiantaohua' 108 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Kaleidoscope 146 H.p. 'Littlemurals' 184 H.a. 'Bellaanna' 33 H.m. 'Qingdaobaxianhua' 71 H.m. 'Lanyun' 109 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Ten Er Chan 147 H.p. 'Caihongdunta' 185 H.l. 'Baobaotang' 34 H.m. 'Endless summer' 72 H.m. 'Jiaorongsanbian' 110 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Inspie 148 H.p. 'Liaowangta' 186 H.l. 'Qingshan' 35 H.m. 'Flying legend' 73 H.m. 'Biyu' 111 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Flower 149 H.p. 'Baoguanta' 187 H.s. 'Bishan' 36 H.m. 'New Endless summer' 74 H.m. 'Jinseshiyun' 112 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Kitchen 150 H.p. 'Nincuidunta' 188 H.s. 'Lushan' 37 H.m. 'Shamrock' 75 H.m. 'Wanziqianhong' 113 H.i. 'Hortensis'.PrrincessDiana 151 H.p. 'Feihongdunta' 189 H.l . 'Huatelasaier' 38 H.m. 'David ramsey' 76 H.m. 'Lan shui jing' 114 H.i. 'Hortensis'.Fare You Well 152 H.p. 'Xiwahongdunta' 190 H.l. 'Lansexingqiu' 1.2 Measurement items and methods The experimental study was conducted at the hydrangea cultivation base from May to October 2023, with standard water and fertilizer management maintained throughout. Sixteen descriptive traits were investigated: stem pubescence, number and size of stomata, leaf base shape, leaf form, leaf margin characteristics, leaf tip length, leaf surface glossiness, leaf undersurface pubescence, lateral vein patterns, inflorescence type, sterile calyx notch margins, calyx whorl count, calyx overlap degree, calyx shape, and growth vigor. Ten quantitative phenotypic traits were also measured, including plant height, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, lateral vein count, sterile calyx length, calyx width, calyx diameter, sterile calyx quantity, individual calyx quantity, and 10 quantitative phenotypic traits. Three replicates were established for each material, comprising three different plants of the same variety. To facilitate statistical analysis, the evaluation of descriptive traits was assigned numerical values from 1 to 7, in accordance with the "Test Guidelines for Specificity, Consistency, and Stability of New Plant Varieties- Hydrangea LY/T3397-2024 and considering the ornanental characteristics of hydrangeas. Statistical analysis was conducted using Excel2019. For quantitative traits, a ten-level classification system was implemented: levels 1 to 10, with each level separated by s intervals. Key parameters included mean (X), standard deviation (S), coefficient of variation (CV), and Shannon-Wiener genetic diversity index (H '). For qualitative traits, frequency distribution and H' were calculated according to predefined criteria. Phenotypic diversity and systematic cluster analysis (SCA) were performed for all 27 traits, while correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and clustering were conducted for 12 quantitative traits. The diversity indices for 15 qualitative traits were calculated using the [13] method developed by Wang Yanlan et al(Y et al. 2021). Results and analysis 2.1 Phenotypic diversity analysis of hydrangea germplasm resources The genetic diversity analysis of 190 hydrangea species resources is shown in Table 2. Among 17 quality traits, the Shannon-Wiener index (H') ranged from 0.3143 to 1.3671, indicating significant variation patterns in hydrangea quality traits. Frequency comparisons revealed that sterile calyx overlap and growth vigor exhibited weak, moderate, and strong characteristics respectively, with uniform distribution and higher genetic diversity indices. The inflorescence type showed the highest genetic diversity index, predominantly featuring umbels. The phenotypic distribution of the other 15 traits demonstrated clear trends, clustering around one or two traits, resulting in lower H' values. The genetic diversity analysis of 190 hydrangea species resources is shown in Table 3. The coefficient of variation (CV) for 10 quantitative traits ranged from 23.54% to 121.87%, indicating significant genetic variation. The highest CV was observed in sterile flower sepals, followed by petiole length, plant height, and single sepals per flower, suggesting high genetic potential for improvement. Conversely, the logarithmic CV for leaf lateral veins was the lowest, indicating relatively stable distribution among hydrangea varieties. The Shannon-Wiener index (H') for trait expression showed a range of 0.6134 to 1.4507. Leaf width and sterile sepals width exhibited H' values close to 1.45, indicating dispersed traits susceptible to environmental influences. In contrast, the diversity index (DI) for single-stem plants was the lowest at approximately 1.0, reflecting stable traits with simple genetic foundations. Table 2 Genetic diversity analysis of quality traits morphological characters code name frequency distribution Genetic diversity index H' 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stem pubescent NBM No 64.21 There's 35.79 0.6522 Number of stem pits NBS 53.68 less Mid-May 2021 Plus 25.26 1.0096 Stem pith size SBS Little 55.79 Middle 34.21 Ten o'clock 0.9228 Shape of leaf base LBS Hexagonal 88.95 Round 4.47 Heart shape 17.65 0.5548 blade profile LY Oval 15.26 Pinny-shaped 3.68 The elongated ellipse is 31.05 Oval 6.23 The broad ellipse is 42.63 Round 1.05 1.3575 Shape of the leaf edge LMS Fine serrations 16.84 Ditch 3.68 Rough sawtooth 75.26 Heavy teeth 4.21 0.7689 Leaf tip length LTL Round dull 7.73 Jiji 10.00 The tip of the short tail is 56.32 The tip is 1.58 long The tip of the long tail is 24.74 1.1568 Surface gloss of leaves GSL Paper 39.47 Thin paper 6.32 The leather quality is 54.21 0.8733 The underside of the leaf is hairy LCB No 60.53 There are 39.47 0.6708 Shape of leaf midvein LVP The lateral raise was 90.53 Bend 39.47 0.3134 inflorescence types IT Corymbose inflorescence/corymbic corymbose inflorescence 24.74 Uppercallium inflorescence 33.16 Rotund inflorescence 22.11 Corymbose inflorescence 20.00 1.3671 The sterile sepals have notched edges SMN Total edge 66.84 Wave 21.58 Fine teeth 3.68 Coarse teeth 7.89 0.9222 Number of petal whorls in the flower NRS Single round 78.42 Two rounds 7.89 Round 13.68 0.6632 The main color of sterile sepals MCS White 24.74 Green 1.58 Yellow 4.21 Blue 1.58 Purple 8.42 Mix color 59.47 1.1273 Incompatible petal overlap DOS Weak 44.74 14.74 in China 40.53 strong 1.0081 Shape of sterile sepals SSS Oval 25.26 Circular 8.95 Wind turbine shape 65.79 0.8390 Growth potential GP Weak 16.84 Middle 38.95 Strong 44.21 1.0281 Genetic diversity analysis of quantitative traits in Table 3 morphological characters code name crest value least value average value standard deviation range CV% Genetic diversity index H' plant height （m） PH 5.00 0.20 1.01 0.76 0.80 75.24 1.2362 Leaf length (cm) LL 33.10 2.20 13.28 4.28 30.90 32.20 1.2817 Width of leaves (cm) LW 17.00 1.10 6.52 2.33 15.90 35.74 1.4507 Leaf length (cm) PL 19.10 0.30 2.08 1.60 18.80 76.70 1.0212 Number of lateral leaf veins (pairs) LLV 10.00 4.00 6.36 1.50 6.00 23.54 1.3627 Length of sterile sepals (cm) SSL 4.80 0.26 1.39 0.55 4.53 39.60 1.3455 Width of sterile sepals (cm) SSW 3.70 0.25 1.20 0.50 3.45 41.52 1.4422 Diameter of sterile sepals (cm) SSD 5.30 0.60 2.69 0.84 4.70 31.18 1.4086 Number of sterile flower sepals (pieces) NSF 3510.00 3.00 375.66 457.82 3507.00 121.87 0.9469 Number of single sepals (perianth) NSP 21.00 1.00 5.43 3.56 20.00 65.56 0.6134 2.2 Correlation analysis of hydrangea germplasm resources The correlation analysis of 190 hydrangea resources (Figure 1) reveals significant quantitative trait relationships among tested hydrangea varieties. Fourteen traits showed highly significant positive correlations (P<0.01), including plant height with logarithmic leaf venation and sterile flower sepals, leaf length with leaf width, plant height, logarithmic leaf venation, sterile calyx width, and sterile calyx diameter. Seven traits demonstrated statistically significant positive correlations (P<0.05): leaf length with sterile calyx length, leaf width with logarithmic leaf venation and sterile calyx length, logarithmic leaf venation with sterile calyx number, sterile calyx diameter with sterile calyx number, and sterile calyx width with sterile calyx diameter. The strongest correlation was observed between sterile calyx width and sterile calyx length (0.81), while plant height showed the most negative correlation (-0.5). Future hydrangea breeding should prioritize selecting cultivars with balanced trait combinations -such as leaf length, leaf width, sterile calyx width, sterile calyx diameter, logarithmic leaf venation, sterile calyx number, and sterile calyx length-as parental lines to enhance cultivar quality. 2.3 Principal component analysis of hydrangea germplasm resources Principal component analysis (Table 4) was conducted on 10 quantitative traits of hydrangeas (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, logarithmic leaf veins, sterile calyx length, sterile calyx width, sterile calyx diameter, sterile calyx number, and single calyx number). The first four principal components (PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4) all showed eigenvalues greater than 1.00, indicating their significance in explaining data variations. Their respective contribution rates were 28.59%,18.23%,16.65%, and 10.65%. The cumulative contribution rate of these components reached 74.12%, demonstrating their substantial information extraction from the ten traits. PC1, with an eigenvalue of 2.86, exhibited higher values for sterile calyx length, width, and diameter, suggesting its primary focus on calyx-related indicators. This indicates that these three dimensions significantly contribute to overall variation in hydrangea varieties. PC2, with an eigenvalue of 1.82, highlighted plant height as a key factor, indicating its dominant role in height-related variations. PC3, with an eigenvalue of 1.67, emphasized petiole-related traits such as logarithmic leaf veins, leaf length, and leaf width. PC4, with an eigenvalue of 1.07 and a high single calyx number exceeding 0.9, demonstrated that the number of individual calyxes serves as a decisive factor in this component. Table 4. Principal component analysis of phenotypic traits of hydrangea plant resources PC PH LL LW PL LLV SSL SSW SSD NSF NSP eigenvalue variance contribution rate% Cumulative contribution rate% PC1 -0.11 0.60 0.58 0.30 0.26 0.80 0.84 0.81 0.08 0.02 2.86 28.59 28.59 PC2 0.81 0.11 0.16 0.20 -0.68 -0.05 -0.11 0.15 0.75 -0.12 1.82 18.23 46.82 PC3 -0.16 0.59 0.57 0.60 0.32 -0.50 -0.35 -0.35 0.08 0.06 1.67 16.65 63.47 PC4 0.18 0.06 0.12 -0.10 -0.16 0.03 -0.10 0.05 -0.23 0.96 1.07 10.65 74.12 Figure 2 presents the principal component analysis (PCA) biplot of 190 hydrangea cultivars, revealing distinct clustering patterns in the reduced-dimensional space. Most data points cluster near the origin, indicating high similarity among varieties in measured traits. A minority of cultivars show significant deviations from others, suggesting unique phenotypes or ecological adaptations. The overall distribution pattern demonstrates inherent variability within hydrangea cultivars, predominantly characterized by homogeneity. Principal Component 1 (PC1) values show nearly identical correlations for sterile calyx length, width, and diameter, while plant height correlates closely with PC2 values. These findings align with related analyses, confirming significant correlations between traits. In summary, PCA analysis reveals that hydrangea cultivars exhibit variation but are predominantly homogeneous. The first four PCs effectively capture variations across 10 trait indicators: PC1 primarily reflects sterile calyx-related traits, PC2 is influenced by plant height, PC3 shows leaf-related characteristics, and PC4 is determined by individual calyx number. These insights provide crucial insights into key factors contributing to hydrangea phenotypic diversity. 2.4 Cluster analysis of hydrangea germplasm resources After standardizing data from 10 quantitative traits, a systematic cluster analysis of hydrangea germplasm resources was conducted as shown in Figure 3. The 190 hydrangea plant resources were classified into five groups. Group I included 40 plants exhibiting long and broad leaves with elongated petioles, large sterile sepals, moderate numbers of sterile flower sepals (typically 4 per flower), and relatively short plant height. Group II comprised 18 plants characterized by taller stature, long and broad leaves, elongated petioles, large sterile sepals, fewer sterile flower sepals (mostly 4 per flower), and mostly 4 per flower. Group III included 32 plants showing taller stature with long and narrow leaves, short petioles, large sterile sepals, the highest number of sterile flower sepals (most 4 per flower), and mostly 4 per flower. Group IV contained 32 plants with shorter stature, long and narrow leaves, short petioles, large sterile sepals, moderate numbers of sterile flowers (4-20 per flower), and mostly 4 per flower. Group V consisted of 68 plants exhibiting shorter stature with narrow leaves, longer petioles, small sterile sepals, the highest number of sterile flowers (most 4 per flower), and mostly 4 per flower. The average clustering analysis provides insights into the grouping patterns and characteristics of hydrangeas , and helps to classify them into different groups according to quantitative indicators such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width, etc., which helps us to understand the genetic diversity and classification of hydrangeas. 2.5 Comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of hydrangea resources Weight coefficients were determined based on the variance contribution rates of four principal components, with the composite score (F total) calculated as 0.39PCk1+0.25PCk2+0.22PCk3+0.14PCk4(PCki, where PCki represents the k-th principal component score for the i-th sample). Varieties were ranked according to their composite scores, where higher scores indicate better overall performance (as shown in Table 5). The composite scores for 190 hydrangea germplasm resources ranged from-2.0713 to 4.0553. The top ten varieties included H.glancophylla. C.C.Yang var.scricea, H.m. 'Mengjing', H. Rehd.var.giraldii Wei, H.mollis (Rhed)W.T.Wang, H.m. 'Bikong', H.m. 'Ruixue', H.m. 'Bingta', H.s. 'Lushan', H.m. 'Jingui', and H.s. 'Sanseziyanghua'. These varieties shared common phenotypic traits: long and broad leaves, large sterile sepals, numerous sterile floral sepals, and each flower containing exactly four sepals. Cluster analysis revealed that varieties in Group V—shorter plant height, narrower leaves, and smaller sterile sepals—ranked higher overall, while those in Group I with moderate sterile floral sepals and shorter plant height placed at the bottom. Table 5 Comprehensive evaluation of hydrangea germplasm resources No. Overall score ranking No. Overall score ranking No. Overall score ranking No. Overall score ranking 1 -0.7377 142 49 -0.3729 117 98 0.5747 62 147 0.1564 82 2 -0.6257 136 50 -0.8641 151 99 0.6416 58 148 1.1794 32 3 -0.5762 134 51 -0.7999 146 100 0.6030 60 149 1.1185 35 4 -1.1279 162 52 -1.5845 182 101 0.8461 49 150 1.1875 31 5 -0.5509 131 53 -1.3968 172 102 0.7514 54 151 -0.1028 100 6 -1.3158 167 54 -0.9859 157 103 1.3753 24 152 -0.2674 108 7 -0.9484 154 55 -0.9733 155 104 0.7520 52 153 0.3945 74 8 -1.8769 187 56 0.0437 91 105 0.4371 68 154 1.4680 22 9 -1.4489 179 57 -0.1530 102 106 1.2109 29 155 2.0947 11 10 -0.5862 135 58 0.4340 69 107 0.3577 75 156 1.8103 19 11 -1.2142 166 59 0.1093 85 108 0.5402 65 157 0.4413 67 12 -0.7335 141 60 -0.2259 107 109 -0.7396 143 158 0.0900 87 13 -1.9077 188 61 -0.4629 124 110 -0.5722 132 159 -0.4631 125 14 -1.7739 185 62 -0.2187 106 111 -0.3788 118 160 0.5917 61 15 -2.0713 190 63 0.2056 79 112 1.0478 40 161 1.3635 25 16 3.8829 3 64 0.7518 53 113 1.2615 27 162 0.4291 70 17 2.9869 4 65 0.6666 56 114 1.0330 41 163 1.9185 16 18 4.0553 1 66 0.8717 47 115 -0.2788 109 164 2.0693 12 19 1.9078 17 67 3.9942 2 116 -0.3391 113 165 1.9642 15 20 0.0989 86 68 2.6499 6 117 -0.4179 120 166 -0.3008 110 21 -0.0171 95 69 2.3826 9 118 -0.6771 138 167 -0.5481 130 22 -0.5749 133 70 0.1204 84 119 -0.0853 98 168 -0.5197 129 23 -0.7072 139 71 0.3116 76 120 -0.3801 119 169 1.0146 43 24 -0.2149 104 72 0.4132 71 121 1.0734 39 170 0.2029 80 25 1.1473 34 73 0.9516 45 122 0.8362 50 171 0.8659 48 26 1.8448 18 74 1.1893 30 123 1.0887 37 172 -1.3599 169 27 2.0968 10 75 1.0787 38 124 -1.7424 184 173 -0.8049 147 28 0.3948 73 76 -0.2168 105 125 -1.4117 175 174 -0.8430 150 29 0.1447 83 77 -1.0640 159 126 -1.3996 173 175 -1.5064 180 30 0.2230 77 78 -1.1474 163 127 0.6327 59 176 -1.8416 186 31 0.6504 57 79 2.7395 5 128 1.3269 26 177 -1.3729 170 32 -0.4183 121 80 1.7021 20 129 -0.0996 99 178 -0.0196 96 33 0.0687 88 81 2.0563 13 130 -0.3465 115 179 -0.8207 148 34 -1.2094 165 82 -0.9759 156 131 -0.3399 114 180 0.0093 92 35 -1.4420 178 83 -0.8348 149 132 -0.3147 111 181 -0.0499 97 36 -0.7559 144 84 -0.3385 112 133 -1.4301 177 182 -0.0137 94 37 0.9925 44 85 0.9271 46 134 -1.5299 181 183 -0.8753 153 38 0.4049 72 86 0.5130 66 135 -1.4052 174 184 -1.6601 183 39 0.5543 63 87 0.0451 90 136 0.0580 89 185 -1.3800 171 40 -0.7961 145 88 2.6179 7 137 -0.3714 116 186 -1.9396 189 41 -1.0578 158 89 1.5500 21 138 -0.1366 101 187 2.0078 14 42 -0.5104 128 90 1.4646 23 139 -1.0959 161 188 2.5860 8 43 0.7098 55 91 -0.4525 123 140 -1.3338 168 189 1.1569 33 44 1.1102 36 92 -0.8643 152 141 -0.6765 137 190 -0.1752 103 45 1.0277 42 93 -0.7116 140 142 -1.0728 160 46 -0.4685 126 94 0.0047 93 143 -1.1950 164 47 0.2001 81 95 0.5507 64 144 -1.4128 176 48 0.8141 51 96 0.2221 78 145 -0.4201 122 49 -0.3729 117 97 1.2170 28 146 -0.5011 127 Discussion Genetic resources form the material foundation for plant genetic improvement and related research, while phenotypic trait diversity serves as the cornerstone for genetic diversity studies(L et al. 2015). Therefore, investigating the diversity of phenotypic traits in hydrangea varieties can rapidly and intuitively reveal inter-individual phenotypic differences, reflecting the degree of trait variation among hydrangea plants. The coefficient of variation (CV) is an indicator used to measure the dispersion of phenotypic traits across different hydrangea varieties. An increase in CV signifies greater dispersion in traits(B et al. 2002). In this study, the coefficient of variation (CV) range for quantitative traits ranged from 23.54% to 121.87%, indicating abundant genetic diversity in 190 hydrangea species resources, making them suitable as germplasm for innovative breeding. The phenotypic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 226 rose germplasm resources by Cheng Wenhui et al. showed trends similar to the variation levels observed in this study(W et al. 2024). The diversity index directly reflects the richness or poverty of trait genetic resources. In this study, the diversity indices for quality traits (0.3143-1.3671) and quantitative traits (0.6134-1.4507) were significantly higher than those for quantitative traits, consistent with previous findings on the genetic diversity of Bougainvillea phenotypic traits(J et al. 2022). Comparative analysis of CV and diversity indices revealed no significant correlation, aligning with Li Ying et al.'s study on genetic diversity of 398 naked barley germplasm resources(L et al. 2023). Correlation analysis between quantitative traits provides crucial breeding guidance, serving both as early screening targets and for understanding trait relationships to inform genetic improvement. This study analyzed 10 quantitative traits, identifying 14 pairs with highly significant positive correlations and 7 pairs with significant positive correlations. The highly significant positive correlation between leaf length and leaf width in cut rose phenotypic diversity and comprehensive evaluation by Han Dandan et al. was consistent with these findings(D et al. 2024). Through cluster analysis, this study classified 190 hydrangea species into five groups. Group I hydrangeas exhibit shorter plant stature with large leaves and flowers, making them suitable as parent material for cultivating potted ornamental germplasm resources. Group II hydrangeas demonstrate higher plant stature, large leaves, and flowers, serving as excellent parent plants for developing multi-purpose traits. Group III hydrangeas show taller stature with narrow leaves and large flowers. Group IV hydrangeas have shorter stature with narrow leaves and large flowers. Group V hydrangeas exhibit shorter stature with narrow leaves and small flowers. The results indicate significant phenotypic trait differences among groups, with plant height, leaf characteristics, and floral traits being key phenotypic markers distinguishing different groups of hydrangea germplasm resources. These findings provide diverse material types for future new hydrangea variety breeding, facilitate the selection of parent plants with specific traits, enhance breeding efficiency, and reduce breeding costs. Principal component analysis (PCA), grounded in dimensionality reduction principles, simplifies variables to identify more prominent traits. This method effectively evaluates and screens plant phenotypic characteristics while enabling comprehensive assessments of target traits with streamlined processes, demonstrating scientific validity(X et al. 2010, X et al. 2018). In this study, four principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were selected from 10 quantitative traits across 190 hydrangea varieties, collectively explaining 74.12% of phenotypic variation. Key factors influencing eigenvalues include sterile calyx length, sterile calyx width, sterile calyx diameter, plant height, logarithmic leaf venation count, leaf length, leaf width, and individual calyx number. These traits encompass most genetic information, reflecting essential hydrangea characteristics and serving as primary evaluation indicators. As breeding research requires comprehensive analysis of germplasm traits, integrated evaluation of plant germplasm resources has become a critical component widely incorporated into modern breeding systems. This study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of 190 hydrangea germplasm resources using principal component analysis, identifying the top ten varieties as H.glancophylla. C.C.Yang var.scricea, H.m. 'Mengjing', H. Rehd.var.giraldii Wei, H.mollis (Rhed)W.T.Wang, H.m. 'Bikong', H.m. 'Ruixue', H.m. 'Bingta', H.s. 'Lushan', H.m. 'Jingui', and H.s. 'Sanseziyanghua'.. The evaluation system quantified the diversity of phenotypic traits in hydrangeas, with rankings reflecting trait aggregation levels. These rankings facilitate the selection of target-specific hydrangea varieties for breeding. Through integrated evaluation combined with cluster analysis, the study revealed that Type V hydrangeas exhibited the most outstanding ornamental qualities, followed by Types IV, III, and II. In contrast, Type I hydrangeas demonstrated the poorest ornamental performance. These findings establish a crucial foundation for developing new hydrangea varieties with superior comprehensive characteristics and high ornamental value in future breeding programs. This study conducted genetic diversity analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis to evaluate 26 phenotypic traits across 190 hydrangea germplasm resources. The results revealed that all 26 traits exhibit substantial genetic diversity with significant variation ranges. Moreover, distinct correlations were observed between these traits. Based on their clustering patterns, the 190 hydrangea germplasm resources were classified into five groups through cluster analysis, from which visually appealing cultivars were selected through comprehensive evaluation. However, phenotypic traits are susceptible to dual influences from genetic and environmental factors. Future research should integrate modern biotechnologies like molecular markers to conduct comprehensive and precise genetic analysis of germplasm resources, thereby enhancing the scientific rigor and accuracy of studies. Funding statement: Yunnan Major Science and Technology Special Project (202202AE090028); Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Fund Project (2025Y0866); Yunnan College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project (20200554052) About the author: Xu Tongfen (1997-), female, master's student, research direction is horticulture (E-mail: [email protected] ) * Corresponding author: Chao Wang (1980-), male, PhD, associate professor, mainly engaged in the direction of functional plant resources and utilization (E-mail: [email protected] ) Declarations Author Contribution X.T.F、L.A、C.Y.S Write content，L.Z.M、Z.M、X.H.Y、L.G.Y Prepare the diagram，Y.Z.Y、Y.C.H、T.Y providedMaterials，W.C is the corresponding author。All authors reviewed the manuscripts. References Juan C W, Shuang C S, Jing F , Jie C H, Min Z H, Tong L X, Hui Z X, Ming D Y. 2025. 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15:24:06","extension":"xml","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":161369,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"36dc3ffa5dde48c7a03d77500dc1f76c1structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7406367/v1/2ee53113b060186180284113.xml"},{"id":94033061,"identity":"21f93dbc-092c-47e1-b456-7756a8b4bacf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-21 15:16:06","extension":"html","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":171916,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7406367/v1/7dfb4452396c258f239a7019.html"},{"id":94033048,"identity":"fdd00adf-cdfe-4c9b-b3b0-29cbf0309f49","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-21 15:16:06","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":104711,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCorrelation analysis of quantitative traits of ornamental plant resources\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: *: Significant correlation at the P \u0026lt;0.05 level; **: Significant correlation at the P \u0026lt;0.01 level\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7406367/v1/8a8a76a678ae1bdceaa0dd4b.png"},{"id":94033049,"identity":"2759bca8-37c6-4d7d-81f0-36622bd978b4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-21 15:16:06","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":98260,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePrincipal component analysis of quantitative traits of Cyrtospora plant resources (combined score diagram and load diagram)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7406367/v1/3868a879dcfbb81c26f7644b.png"},{"id":94033052,"identity":"fb2f3d34-3632-41b7-a809-908415052c14","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-21 15:16:06","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":224065,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSystematic clustering analysis of quantitative traits of hydrangea varieties\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7406367/v1/168bb2729249566ace34594f.png"},{"id":109618770,"identity":"1c2a43aa-54a6-4da4-852f-583a7e7d8116","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-20 08:57:14","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1064347,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7406367/v1/99f8b9e2-c4b2-4ca7-9424-d5c1db393ca5.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Phenotypic Diversity of Hydrangea Germplasm Resources","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHydrangea macrophylla\u003c/em\u003e, a perennial shrub in the Hydrangeaceae family, is also known as \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e. This plant boasts remarkable ornamental and medicinal value, ranking among the world's three most celebrated garden plants(W et al. 2025, Get al. 2024). Its large, dense inflorescences feature diverse flower shapes and vibrant colors, while glossy leaves make it both a flowering and foliage highlight, making it a key ornamental species in landscaping(Y et al. 2023). Globally, there are approximately 73 species, with China hosting 47 species and 11 varieties(Y 2009). As one of the global hubs for hydrangea resources, China preserves abundant wild populations. Initially cultivated for landscaping and potted flowers, \u003cem\u003ehydrangeas\u003c/em\u003e have recently gained prominence in cut flower production, emerging as the sixth major cut flower after roses, carnations, lilies, bellflowers, and African daisies(Z 2018). Recent growth in sales and cultivation areas indicates promising prospects. However, issues like haphazard introduction and non-standard procedures have led to unclear domestic variety resources and application status, coupled with an underdeveloped germplasm evaluation system(Z 1994). Exploring phenotypic diversity helps researchers understand species' evolutionary potential and genetic stability, providing scientific references for quality germplasm screening and gene research(Z et al. 2019). Establishing a scientific and accurate germplasm evaluation system is therefore crucial for advancing the \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCurrent methods for evaluating phenotypic traits in sugar beets include diversity analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis(B et al. 2021,A et al. 2010). Liu Dali employed these three approaches to assess genetic variation levels of 215 sugar beet germplasm resources, categorizing them into four groups to provide theoretical support for germplasm selection, utilization, and breeding(D et al. 2022). Miao Yanhua conducted comprehensive evaluations of 17 traits across 114 \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e varieties, classifying them into three ornamental categories to identify varieties with excellent aesthetic appeal suitable for regional applications(Y et al. 2022). Current research on \u003cem\u003ehydrangeas\u003c/em\u003e primarily focuses on development and utilization. Sun Xiaobo successfully screened aluminum salt concentrations, achieving the first direct blue-changing effect in red \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e cut flowers(X et al. 2025), thereby enhancing commercial ornamental value and expanding market demand for related products. However, phenotypic trait analysis remains underexplored, with studies on diversity and comprehensive evaluation lacking nationwide standardized criteria. This study employs multiple analytical methods including diversity analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis to elucidate genetic diversity and phenotypic characteristics of\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;hydrangea\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003egermplasm resources. It clarifies evolutionary relationships and morphological variation patterns among varieties, establishing a scientific germplasm evaluation system. These findings provide theoretical foundations for \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e improvement, core germplasm construction, and molecular marker-assisted breeding. It is helpful to optimize the protection strategy of \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003egermplasm resources, accelerate the screening process of excellent traits, and finally improve the accuracy and efficiency of new \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e variety breeding.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e1.1 Plant materials\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlant materials were investigated in Nanguoshan \u003cem\u003eHydrangea\u003c/em\u003e Base, Yangzong County, Yunnan Province (24\u0026deg;85 \u0026apos;N, 102\u0026deg;97\u0026apos; E), and a total of 190 plant materials were collected.There are a total of 190 plant materials in the text, the first 19 belong to the original species of hydrangeas, which have been clearly identified in the plant catalog. There are many citation numbers mentioned, and I will not list them all here. The remaining 171 species belong to hydrangea varieties, identified by Mr. Yang Yuyong. The demonstration base is Kunming Yangyueji Horticultural Co., Ltd. in Yunnan Province.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1. Serial number of \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e varieties\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"Left\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"602\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 129px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eName\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eName\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eName\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eName\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eName\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003echinensis.\u003c/em\u003eMaxim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;oak hill\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hulan\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e115\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Wedding March\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Feicuita\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003eshaochingii Chun\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Enchantress\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Ziyuan\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH.i.\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Satin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Fangjingta\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003egracilis W.T.Wang et Nie\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Benediction\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Bikong\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Shuiyu\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e155\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Fendaita\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003eZhewanensisHSU Hsu.et X.p.Zhang\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Kaleidoscope\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Xuehua\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Zhu zi zhi feng\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Yuta\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003ecoenobialis Chun\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Baby blue\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Qingquan\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Liulita\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003estenophylla Merr.et Chen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Adula lila\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Xingkong\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;. Princess Anne\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e158\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Yingshita\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003estenohylla Merr.et Chen.var.\u0026apos;Duo Hua\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Purple Melody\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Zijuan\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Uniqeue\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e159\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hongshita\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003estenohylla. var\u0026apos;Hua Ye\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Masja\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Shenshizhihua\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Dolly\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Shuijingta\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003eStrigosa Rehd\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Bowen\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Zhuyuanyurun\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Diamond\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Gaota\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003estrigosa Rehd var.\u0026apos;Fen E\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Mona Lisa\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Fanhua\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Grandiflora\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Linglongcaita\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003ecoacta Wei\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Mameili\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Yingta\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Limelight\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e163\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Yanzhita\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003ecoacta Wei.var.\u0026lsquo;Duo Hua\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Tianmihuanxiang\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Bingta\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;White Moth\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e164\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Roufen Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003eglabripes. Rehd\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Rock and Roll\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Caishita\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Little Lamb\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Yanfen Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003erosthornii Diels\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Masja\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Caixia\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Praecox\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Xiangyase Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003e Rehd\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Xin xiang yin\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Duohuaroumaoxiuqio\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Pink elf\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Jiaoyan Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH\u003c/em\u003e.Rehd.var.giraldii Wei\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Bodalan\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lsquo;Colouredglaze\u0026rsquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Strawberrysundae\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Zhenzhu Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH\u003c/em\u003e.mollis（Rehd）W.T.Wang\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Qiaobanlan\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Classcrood\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Smhpfl\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e169\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Daban Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eglancophylla.\u003c/em\u003eC.C.Yang var.scricea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Sapphire\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Jewel\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Snowseductive\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e170\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos; Zifen Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;quercifolia.\u003c/em\u003e W. Bartram\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Chaziyanhong\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Topaz\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Bobo\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Zijia Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Shuijingzi\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Huatuanjincu\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Bayitianshi\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Polarbear\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e172\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Gudian Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;First love\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Qingshanlvshui\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Ball\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Polarstar\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e173\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Jianzhuang Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Pink memories\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Ao shuang hong\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Floweret\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Summerbeauty\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Nenjia Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Marisli\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Lantian\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Komachi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH.p.\u0026apos;Huoliqingning\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e175\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Huancai Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Seafoam\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Tuan yuan\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Fuji Waterfall\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH.p.\u0026apos;Pilibeibei\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e176\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Xiaoban Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Ted meredith\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Yuan ye\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Kitchen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Magiccandles\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Shexiang Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Tosaryokufu\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Shen lan\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.The Milky Way\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e140\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Phantom\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Caihong Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Sanseziyanghua\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hu Po\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Hand bow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Baiyu\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e179\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003earborescens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Yuanjiang\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Qianying\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Fashion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;mohunyueguang\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Ziri\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Mengjing\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Evita\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH.p.\u0026apos;MOjituo\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e181\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Worth cherish\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Huakaifugui\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Ruixue\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Altair\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Limelight\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Invincible Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Magica Opal\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Jingui\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Miss yarn Weave\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH.p.\u0026apos;Yingyuan\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Pink Annabelle\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Marsepein\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Renmiantaohua\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Kaleidoscope\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Littlemurals\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.a.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Bellaanna\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Qingdaobaxianhua\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Lanyun\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Ten Er Chan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e147\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Caihongdunta\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.l.\u003c/em\u003e \u0026apos;Baobaotang\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Endless summer\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Jiaorongsanbian\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Inspie\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Liaowangta\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e186\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.l.\u003c/em\u003e \u0026apos;Qingshan\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Flying legend\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Biyu\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Flower\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e149\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Baoguanta\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e187\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e \u0026apos;Bishan\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;New Endless summer\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Jinseshiyun\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Kitchen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Nincuidunta\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e \u0026apos;Lushan\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Shamrock\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e \u0026apos;Wanziqianhong\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.PrrincessDiana\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e151\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Feihongdunta\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.l\u003c/em\u003e. \u0026apos;Huatelasaier\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;David ramsey\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Lan shui jing\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.i.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Hortensis\u0026apos;.Fare You Well\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.p.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Xiwahongdunta\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e190\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH.l.\u003c/em\u003e \u0026apos;Lansexingqiu\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2 Measurement items and methods\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe experimental study was conducted at the \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e cultivation base from May to October 2023, with standard water and fertilizer management maintained throughout. Sixteen descriptive traits were investigated: stem pubescence, number and size of stomata, leaf base shape, leaf form, leaf margin characteristics, leaf tip length, leaf surface glossiness, leaf undersurface pubescence, lateral vein patterns, inflorescence type, sterile calyx notch margins, calyx whorl count, calyx overlap degree, calyx shape, and growth vigor. Ten quantitative phenotypic traits were also measured, including plant height, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, lateral vein count, sterile calyx length, calyx width, calyx diameter, sterile calyx quantity, individual calyx quantity, and 10 quantitative phenotypic traits. Three replicates were established for each material, comprising three different plants of the same variety. To facilitate statistical analysis, the evaluation of descriptive traits was assigned numerical values from 1 to 7, in accordance with the \u0026quot;Test Guidelines for Specificity, Consistency, and Stability of New Plant\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVarieties-\u003cem\u003eHydrangea\u003c/em\u003e LY/T3397-2024 and considering the ornanental characteristics of \u003cem\u003ehydrangeas.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStatistical analysis was conducted using Excel2019. For quantitative traits, a ten-level classification system was implemented: levels \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;1 to 10, with each level separated by s intervals. Key parameters included mean (X), standard deviation (S), coefficient of variation (CV), and Shannon-Wiener genetic diversity index (H \u0026apos;). For qualitative traits, frequency distribution and H\u0026apos; were calculated according to predefined criteria. Phenotypic diversity and systematic cluster analysis (SCA) were performed for all 27 traits, while correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and clustering were conducted for 12 quantitative traits. The diversity indices for 15 qualitative traits were calculated using the [13] method developed by Wang Yanlan et al(Y et al. 2021).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results and analysis","content":"\u003cp\u003e2.1 Phenotypic diversity analysis of hydrangea germplasm resources\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe genetic diversity analysis of 190 hydrangea species resources is shown in Table 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong 17 quality traits, the Shannon-Wiener index (H\u0026apos;) ranged from 0.3143 to 1.3671,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eindicating significant variation patterns in \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e quality traits. Frequency comparisons revealed that sterile calyx overlap and growth vigor exhibited weak, moderate, and strong characteristics respectively, with uniform distribution and higher genetic diversity indices. The inflorescence type showed the highest genetic diversity index, predominantly featuring umbels. The phenotypic distribution of the other 15 traits demonstrated clear trends, clustering around one or two traits, resulting in lower H\u0026apos; values.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe genetic diversity analysis of 190 \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e species resources is shown in Table 3. The coefficient of variation (CV) for 10 quantitative traits ranged from 23.54% to 121.87%, indicating significant genetic variation. The highest CV was observed in sterile flower sepals, followed by petiole length, plant height, and single sepals per flower, suggesting high genetic potential for improvement. Conversely, the logarithmic CV for leaf lateral veins was the lowest, indicating relatively stable distribution among \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e varieties. The Shannon-Wiener index (H\u0026apos;) for trait expression showed a range of 0.6134 to 1.4507. Leaf width and sterile sepals width exhibited H\u0026apos; values close to 1.45, indicating dispersed traits susceptible to environmental influences. In contrast, the diversity index (DI) for single-stem plants was the lowest at approximately 1.0, reflecting stable traits with simple genetic foundations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2 Genetic diversity analysis of quality traits\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"120%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;morphological characters\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;code name\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efrequency distribution\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGenetic diversity index H\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStem pubescent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNBM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo 64.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThere\u0026apos;s 35.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6522\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of stem pits\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNBS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.68 less\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMid-May 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlus 25.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0096\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStem pith size\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSBS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLittle 55.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMiddle 34.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTen o\u0026apos;clock\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9228\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShape of leaf base\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLBS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHexagonal 88.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRound 4.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeart shape 17.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5548\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;blade profile\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOval 15.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePinny-shaped 3.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe elongated ellipse is 31.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOval 6.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe broad ellipse is 42.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRound 1.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3575\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShape of the leaf edge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLMS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFine serrations 16.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDitch 3.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRough sawtooth 75.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeavy teeth 4.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7689\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf tip length\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLTL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRound dull 7.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJiji 10.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe tip of the short tail is 56.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe tip is 1.58 long\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe tip of the long tail is 24.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1568\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurface gloss of leaves\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGSL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePaper 39.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThin paper 6.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe leather quality is 54.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8733\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe underside of the leaf is hairy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLCB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo 60.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThere are 39.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6708\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShape of leaf midvein\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLVP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe lateral raise was 90.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBend 39.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3134\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;inflorescence types\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCorymbose inflorescence/corymbic corymbose inflorescence 24.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUppercallium inflorescence 33.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRotund inflorescence 22.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCorymbose inflorescence 20.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3671\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe sterile sepals have notched edges\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSMN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal edge 66.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWave 21.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFine teeth 3.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCoarse teeth 7.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9222\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of petal whorls in the flower\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNRS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle round 78.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTwo rounds 7.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRound 13.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6632\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe main color of sterile sepals\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhite 24.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGreen 1.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYellow 4.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBlue 1.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePurple 8.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMix color 59.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1273\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncompatible petal overlap\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDOS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWeak 44.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.74 in China\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.53 strong\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0081\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShape of sterile sepals\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOval 25.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCircular 8.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWind turbine shape 65.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8390\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrowth potential\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWeak 16.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMiddle 38.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrong 44.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0281\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGenetic diversity analysis of quantitative traits in Table 3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"105%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;morphological characters\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;code name\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;crest value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;least value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;average value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;standard deviation\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;range\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCV%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGenetic diversity index H\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;plant height （m）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2362\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf length (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.10\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.28\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.28\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.90\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2817\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWidth of leaves (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLW\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.10\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.52\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.33\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.90\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.74\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4507\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf length (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.10\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.08\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.60\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.80\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.70\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0212\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of lateral leaf veins (pairs)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLLV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.36\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.54\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3627\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLength of sterile sepals (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.80\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.39\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.55\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.53\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.60\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3455\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWidth of sterile sepals (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSW\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.70\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.45\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.52\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4422\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiameter of sterile sepals (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.30\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.69\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.70\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.18\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4086\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of sterile flower sepals (pieces)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNSF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3510.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e375.66\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e457.82\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3507.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121.87\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9469\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of single sepals (perianth)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.43\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.56\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.56\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6134\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2 Correlation analysis of hydrangea germplasm resources\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe correlation analysis of 190 \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e resources (Figure 1) reveals significant quantitative trait relationships among tested \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e varieties. Fourteen traits showed highly significant positive correlations (P\u0026lt;0.01), including plant height with logarithmic leaf venation and sterile flower sepals, leaf length with leaf width, plant height, logarithmic leaf venation, sterile calyx width, and sterile calyx diameter. Seven traits demonstrated statistically significant positive correlations (P\u0026lt;0.05): leaf length with sterile calyx length, leaf width with logarithmic leaf venation and sterile calyx length, logarithmic leaf venation with sterile calyx number, sterile calyx diameter with sterile calyx number, and sterile calyx width with sterile calyx diameter. The strongest correlation was observed between sterile calyx width and sterile calyx length (0.81), while plant height showed the most negative correlation (-0.5). Future \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ebreeding should prioritize selecting cultivars with balanced trait combinations -such as leaf length, leaf width, sterile calyx width, sterile calyx diameter, logarithmic leaf venation, sterile calyx number, and sterile calyx length-as parental lines to enhance cultivar quality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.3 Principal component analysis of \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e germplasm resources\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrincipal component analysis (Table 4) was conducted on 10 quantitative traits of hydrangeas (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, logarithmic leaf veins, sterile calyx length, sterile calyx width, sterile calyx diameter, sterile calyx number, and single calyx number). The first four principal components (PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4) all showed eigenvalues greater than 1.00, indicating their significance in explaining data variations. Their respective contribution rates were 28.59%,18.23%,16.65%, and 10.65%. The cumulative contribution rate of these components reached 74.12%, demonstrating their substantial information extraction from the ten traits. PC1, with an eigenvalue of 2.86, exhibited higher values for sterile calyx length, width, and diameter, suggesting its primary focus on calyx-related indicators. This indicates that these three dimensions significantly contribute to overall variation in hydrangea varieties. PC2, with an eigenvalue of 1.82, highlighted plant height as a key factor, indicating its dominant role in height-related variations. PC3, with an eigenvalue of 1.67, emphasized petiole-related traits such as logarithmic leaf veins, leaf length, and leaf width. PC4, with an eigenvalue of 1.07 and a high single calyx number exceeding 0.9, demonstrated that the number of individual calyxes serves as a decisive factor in this component.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4. Principal component analysis of phenotypic traits of hydrangea plant resources\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"102%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLW\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLLV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSW\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNSF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;eigenvalue\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003evariance contribution rate%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCumulative contribution rate%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePC1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.11\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.81\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.86\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.59\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.59\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePC2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.81\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.68\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.11\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.12\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.82\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.23\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.82\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePC3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.59\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.57\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.50\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.35\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.35\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.67\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.65\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.47\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePC4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.10\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.10\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.23\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.07\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.65\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.12\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigure 2 presents the principal component analysis (PCA) biplot of 190 \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e cultivars, revealing distinct clustering patterns in the reduced-dimensional space. Most data points cluster near the origin, indicating high similarity among varieties in measured traits. A minority of cultivars show significant deviations from others, suggesting unique phenotypes or ecological adaptations. The overall distribution pattern demonstrates inherent variability within \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ecultivars, predominantly characterized by homogeneity. Principal Component 1 (PC1) values show nearly identical correlations for sterile calyx length, width, and diameter, while plant height correlates closely with PC2 values. These findings align with related analyses, confirming significant correlations between traits. In summary, PCA analysis reveals that \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e cultivars exhibit variation but are predominantly homogeneous. The first four PCs effectively capture variations across 10 trait indicators: PC1 primarily reflects sterile calyx-related traits, PC2 is influenced by plant height, PC3 shows leaf-related characteristics, and PC4 is determined by individual calyx number. These insights provide crucial insights into key factors contributing to \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e phenotypic diversity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4 Cluster analysis of \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e germplasm resources\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter standardizing data from 10 quantitative traits, a systematic cluster analysis of \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003egermplasm resources was conducted as shown in Figure 3. The 190 hydrangea plant resources were classified into five groups. Group I included 40 plants exhibiting long and broad leaves with elongated petioles, large sterile sepals, moderate numbers of sterile flower sepals (typically 4 per flower), and relatively short plant height. Group II comprised 18 plants characterized by taller stature, long and broad leaves, elongated petioles, large sterile sepals, fewer sterile flower sepals (mostly 4 per flower), and mostly 4 per flower. Group III included 32 plants showing taller stature with long and narrow leaves, short petioles, large sterile sepals, the highest number of sterile flower sepals (most 4 per flower), and mostly 4 per flower. Group IV contained 32 plants with shorter stature, long and narrow leaves, short petioles, large sterile sepals, moderate numbers of sterile flowers (4-20 per flower), and mostly 4 per flower. Group V consisted of 68 plants exhibiting shorter stature with narrow leaves, longer petioles, small sterile sepals, the highest number of sterile flowers (most 4 per flower), and mostly 4 per flower.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe average clustering analysis provides insights into the grouping patterns and characteristics of \u003cem\u003ehydrangeas\u003c/em\u003e, and helps to classify them into different groups according to quantitative indicators such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width, etc., which helps us to understand the genetic diversity and classification of\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;hydrangeas.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.5 Comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eresources\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWeight coefficients were determined based on the variance contribution rates of four principal components, with the composite score (F total) calculated as 0.39PCk1+0.25PCk2+0.22PCk3+0.14PCk4(PCki, where PCki represents the k-th principal component score for the i-th sample). Varieties were ranked according to their composite scores, where higher scores indicate better overall performance (as shown in Table 5). The composite scores for 190 hydrangea germplasm resources ranged from-2.0713 to 4.0553. The top ten varieties included \u003cem\u003eH.glancophylla.\u003c/em\u003eC.C.Yang var.scricea, \u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Mengjing\u0026apos;, \u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003eRehd.var.giraldii Wei, \u003cem\u003eH.mollis\u003c/em\u003e(Rhed)W.T.Wang, \u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Bikong\u0026apos;, \u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Ruixue\u0026apos;,\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;H.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Bingta\u0026apos;, \u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Lushan\u0026apos;, \u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Jingui\u0026apos;, and \u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;Sanseziyanghua\u0026apos;. These varieties shared common phenotypic traits: long and broad leaves, large sterile sepals, numerous sterile floral sepals, and each flower containing exactly four sepals. Cluster analysis revealed that varieties in Group V\u0026mdash;shorter plant height, narrower leaves, and smaller sterile sepals\u0026mdash;ranked higher overall, while those in Group I with moderate sterile floral sepals and shorter plant height placed at the bottom.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5 Comprehensive evaluation of hydrangea germplasm resources\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"Left\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"637\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOverall score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eranking\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOverall score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eranking\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;No.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOverall score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eranking\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;No.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOverall score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eranking\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.7377\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.3729\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5747\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e147\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1564\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.6257\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.8641\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e151\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6416\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1794\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5762\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.7999\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6030\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e149\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1185\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.1279\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.5845\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8461\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1875\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5509\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.3968\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e172\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7514\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e151\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1028\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.3158\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.9859\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3753\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.2674\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.9484\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.9733\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e155\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7520\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3945\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.8769\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e187\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0437\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4371\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4680\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.4489\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e179\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1530\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2109\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e155\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0947\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5862\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4340\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3577\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8103\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.2142\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1093\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5402\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4413\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n 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style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.4179\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.3008\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0171\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.3826\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.6771\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5481\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5749\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1204\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0853\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5197\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.7072\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3116\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.3801\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e169\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n 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style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.2094\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.9759\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.3399\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0093\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.4420\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.8348\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e149\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.3147\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e181\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0499\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.7559\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.3385\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.4301\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0137\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9925\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9271\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.5299\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e181\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.8753\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4049\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5130\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.4052\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.6601\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5543\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0451\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0580\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.3800\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.7961\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.6179\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.3714\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e186\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.9396\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.0578\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e158\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5500\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1366\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e187\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0078\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5104\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4646\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.0959\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5860\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7098\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.4525\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e140\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.3338\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1569\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1102\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.8643\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.6765\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e190\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1752\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0277\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.7116\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e140\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.0728\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.4685\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0047\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.1950\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e164\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5507\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.4128\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e176\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8141\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2221\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.4201\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.3729\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2170\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 46px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5011\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 37px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eGenetic resources form the material foundation for plant genetic improvement and related research, while phenotypic trait diversity serves as the cornerstone for genetic diversity studies(L\u0026nbsp;et al. 2015). Therefore, investigating the diversity of phenotypic traits in \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e varieties can rapidly and intuitively reveal inter-individual phenotypic differences, reflecting the degree of trait variation among \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e plants. The coefficient of variation (CV) is an indicator used to measure the dispersion of phenotypic traits across different \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e varieties. An increase in CV signifies greater dispersion in traits(B\u0026nbsp;et al. 2002).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, the coefficient of variation (CV) range for quantitative traits ranged from 23.54% to 121.87%, indicating abundant genetic diversity in 190 hydrangea species resources, making them suitable as germplasm for innovative breeding. The phenotypic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 226 rose germplasm resources by Cheng Wenhui et al. showed trends similar to the variation levels observed in this study(W\u0026nbsp;et al. 2024). The diversity index directly reflects the richness or poverty of trait genetic resources. In this study, the diversity indices for quality traits (0.3143-1.3671) and quantitative traits (0.6134-1.4507) were significantly higher than those for quantitative traits, consistent with previous findings on the genetic diversity of Bougainvillea phenotypic traits(J\u0026nbsp;et al. 2022). Comparative analysis of CV and diversity indices revealed no significant correlation, aligning with Li Ying et al.'s study on genetic diversity of 398 naked barley germplasm resources(L\u0026nbsp;et al. 2023). Correlation analysis between quantitative traits provides crucial breeding guidance, serving both as early screening targets and for understanding trait relationships to inform genetic improvement. This study analyzed 10 quantitative traits, identifying 14 pairs with highly significant positive correlations and 7 pairs with significant positive correlations. The highly significant positive correlation between leaf length and leaf width in cut rose phenotypic diversity and comprehensive evaluation by Han Dandan et al. was consistent with these findings(D\u0026nbsp;et al. 2024).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThrough cluster analysis, this study classified 190 \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e species into five groups. Group I\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;hydrangeas\u003c/em\u003e exhibit shorter plant stature with large leaves and flowers, making them suitable as parent material for cultivating potted ornamental germplasm resources. Group II \u003cem\u003ehydrangeas\u003c/em\u003e demonstrate higher plant stature, large leaves, and flowers, serving as excellent parent plants for developing multi-purpose traits. Group III \u003cem\u003ehydrangeas\u003c/em\u003e show taller stature with narrow leaves and large flowers. Group IV \u003cem\u003ehydrangeas\u003c/em\u003e have shorter stature with narrow leaves and large flowers. Group V \u003cem\u003ehydrangeas\u003c/em\u003e exhibit shorter stature with narrow leaves and small flowers. The results indicate significant phenotypic trait differences among groups, with plant height, leaf characteristics, and floral traits being key phenotypic markers distinguishing different groups of hydrangea germplasm resources. These findings provide diverse material types for future new hydrangea variety breeding, facilitate the selection of parent plants with specific traits, enhance breeding efficiency, and reduce breeding costs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrincipal component analysis (PCA), grounded in dimensionality reduction principles, simplifies variables to identify more prominent traits. This method effectively evaluates and screens plant phenotypic characteristics while enabling comprehensive assessments of target traits with streamlined processes, demonstrating scientific validity(X\u0026nbsp;et al. 2010, X et al. 2018). In this study, four principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were selected from 10 quantitative traits across 190 hydrangea varieties, collectively explaining 74.12% of phenotypic variation. Key factors influencing eigenvalues include sterile calyx length, sterile calyx width, sterile calyx diameter, plant height, logarithmic leaf venation count, leaf length, leaf width, and individual calyx number. These traits encompass most genetic information, reflecting essential hydrangea characteristics and serving as primary evaluation indicators. As breeding research requires comprehensive analysis of germplasm traits, integrated evaluation of plant germplasm resources has become a critical component widely incorporated into modern breeding systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of 190 \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e germplasm resources using principal component analysis, identifying the top ten varieties as \u003cem\u003eH.glancophylla.\u003c/em\u003eC.C.Yang var.scricea, \u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e'Mengjing', \u003cem\u003eH.\u003c/em\u003eRehd.var.giraldii Wei, \u003cem\u003eH.mollis\u003c/em\u003e(Rhed)W.T.Wang, \u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e'Bikong', \u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e'Ruixue',\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;H.m.\u003c/em\u003e'Bingta', \u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e'Lushan', \u003cem\u003eH.m.\u003c/em\u003e'Jingui', and \u003cem\u003eH.s.\u003c/em\u003e'Sanseziyanghua'.. The evaluation system quantified the diversity of phenotypic traits in hydrangeas, with rankings reflecting trait aggregation levels. These rankings facilitate the selection of target-specific \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003evarieties for breeding. Through integrated evaluation combined with cluster analysis, the study revealed that Type V \u003cem\u003ehydrangeas\u003c/em\u003e exhibited the most outstanding ornamental qualities, followed by Types IV, III, and II. In contrast, Type I \u003cem\u003ehydrangeas\u003c/em\u003e demonstrated the poorest ornamental performance. These findings establish a crucial foundation for developing new hydrangea varieties with superior comprehensive characteristics and high ornamental value in future breeding programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study conducted genetic diversity analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis to evaluate 26 phenotypic traits across 190 \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003egermplasm resources. The results revealed that all 26 traits exhibit substantial genetic diversity with significant variation ranges. Moreover, distinct correlations were observed between these traits. Based on their clustering patterns, the 190 \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003egermplasm resources were classified into five groups through cluster analysis, from which visually appealing cultivars were selected through comprehensive evaluation. However, phenotypic traits are susceptible to dual influences from genetic and environmental factors. Future research should integrate modern biotechnologies like molecular markers to conduct comprehensive and precise genetic analysis of germplasm resources, thereby enhancing the scientific rigor and accuracy of studies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFunding statement: Yunnan Major Science and Technology Special Project (202202AE090028); Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Fund Project (2025Y0866); Yunnan College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project (20200554052)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbout the author: Xu Tongfen (1997-), female, master's student, research direction is horticulture (E-mail:[email protected])\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e* Corresponding author: Chao Wang (1980-), male, PhD, associate professor, mainly engaged in the direction of functional plant resources and utilization (E-mail:[email protected])\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eX.T.F、L.A、C.Y.S Write content，L.Z.M、Z.M、X.H.Y、L.G.Y Prepare the diagram，Y.Z.Y、Y.C.H、T.Y providedMaterials，W.C is the corresponding author。All authors reviewed the manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJuan C W, Shuang C S, Jing F , Jie C H, Min Z H, Tong L X, Hui Z X, Ming D Y. 2025. Aluminum stress-induced aluminum uptake capacity and its physiological and biochemical mechanisms in different varieties of hydrangea seedlings [J]. Journal of Applied Ecology. 36(04):1099-1108.DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202504.019.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKai G, Shuai Q , You P Y , Fen W J, Ji W, Na S L.2024. New variety of hydrangea \u0026apos;Qingshan Shuguang\u0026apos; [J]. Journal of Horticulture. (S2):199-200.doi:10.16420./j.issn.0513-353 x.2024-0217.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMing D Y, Jie C H , Shuang C S, Jing F, Yu Q X, Yan J Y, hua M Y. 2023 Research on the Cultural Connotation of Hydrangea and Its Application in Leisure Agriculture [J]. Modern Rural Science and Technology. (11):75-77.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003exiang L Y. 2009. SRAP analysis of 19 species of hydrangea germplasm resources [D]. Hunan Agricultural University, (S1).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYi Z.2018. Study on drought resistance of five varieties of hydrangea [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang A\u0026amp;F University .\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFen W Z. 1994. Revision of the genus Hydrangea in China [J]. Guangxi Botanical Journal. (02):101-121.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eZhen D Z, Xiang L X, PingS J, Hong W Y, Qing Z, Ting X, Ping W H. 2019. 228 Phenotypic diversity analysis and preliminary evaluation of adaptability of introduced garlic resources [J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources.20(5):1186-1196.doi:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20190119001.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBin Z B, Xiang C Z, Jun S Z, Juan Y,Juan M R , Liang Y M.2021. Evaluation of phenotypic trait diversity in ornamental peach germplasm resources [J]. Acta Agricultural Sciences Sinica. (11):2406-2420.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAhmet Balkaya,Ruhsar Yanmaz , Mehtap \u0026Ouml;zbakir. 2010. The phenotypic diversity and fruit characterization of winter squash (Cucurbita maxima) populations from the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 9(9), 152- 162.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLiu D, Wang X Q, Li W S, Li J J, Tan W B, Xing W. 2022. Genetic Diversity Analysis of the Phenotypic Traits of 215 Sugar Beet Germplasm Resources[J].Sugar Tech:An international journal of sugar crops and related industries. 24(6):1790-1800. doi: 10.1007/s12355-022-01120-8\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHua M Y, Ying X F, Yan Z, Chun L J, Zhong T J. 2023. Aesthetic Evaluation of 114 Balladia species in Suzhou Region [J]. Zhejiang Agricultural Science. (01):184-189.doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20220224.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBo S X, Shuang C S, Jie C H, Jing F, Yu Q X, 2025. Ming D Y. Research on Blue Tone Technology of Cut Bouquets [J]. Zhejiang Agricultural Science.(04):958-963.doi:10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20231202.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLan W Y, Guang L J, Qun W L, Jing D, Rui T, Ghong Y Y. 2021. Phenotypic diversity evaluation of local germplasm resources in Hunan Province [J]. 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Genetic diversity analysis of phenotypic traits in Bougainvillea germplasm resources[J]. Journal of Tropical Crops. 43(09):1801-1811.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYing L, Cui L H, Xu S X, Lv S, Xiao H, Jian L, Feng W Y . 2023. Genetic diversity analysis of phenotypic traits in 398 naked barley germplasm resources[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 24(05),1311-1320.doi:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230301002.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDan H D, Fang R, Hui Z X, Jun L C, Ce M. 2024. 102-day-old rose varieties phenotypic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation [J/OL]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 1-17.https://link.cnki.net/urlid/46.1068.S.20240430.1354.012.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eQian Z X, Hui L J, Jie Q B. 2010. Genetic diversity analysis of main agronomic traits in oat germplasm resources [J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 11(02):168-174.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMan L X, Meng D M, Pen W, Lei W J, Hui Z X, Yang Q, Ping W H, Ping S J, Xiang L X.2018. Phenotypic diversity analysis of above-ground parts of cultivated radish plants [J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 19(04):668-675.doi:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20171124001.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"hydrangea, phenotypic traits, quantitative traits, quality traits, diversity, comprehensive evaluation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7406367/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7406367/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e, a traditional ornamental flower in Chinese history, holds significant ornamental and practical value. This study conducted genetic diversity, correlation, clustering, and principal component analyses on 26 phenotypic traits across 190 \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e germplasm resources, providing theoretical foundations for future breeding and germplasm innovation. Results revealed that the coefficient of variation (CV) for quantitative traits ranged from 23.54% to 121.87%, with the CV for sterile flower calyx number being the highest. Diversity indices for quality and quantitative traits were 0.3143-1.3671 and 0.6134-1.4507 respectively, indicating greater genetic diversity than quantitative traits. These findings demonstrate rich phenotypic diversity and extensive trait variation in \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e germplasm resources, suggesting substantial breeding potential. Correlation analysis showed 14 pairs of traits exhibited highly significant positive correlations, while 7 pairs demonstrated significant positive correlations, indicating inherent phenotypic associations. Clustering analysis divided the 190 hydrangea varieties into five groups, with plant height, leaf length, leaf width, sterile calyx diameter, and sterile flower calyx number being key phenotypic traits for group classification. Principal component analysis revealed that the first four principal components (PCs) with cumulative variance contribution exceeding 74.12% captured most information, effectively reflecting fundamental characteristics of hydrangea varieties. Comprehensive evaluations ranked Group V \u003cem\u003ehydrangeas\u003c/em\u003e as the most ornamental, followed by Groups IV, III, and II, while Group I hydrangeas showed the poorest ornamental performance. These findings establish a foundation for developing new \u003cem\u003ehydrangea\u003c/em\u003e varieties with superior overall characteristics and high ornamental value.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Phenotypic Diversity of Hydrangea Germplasm Resources","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-21 15:16:01","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7406367/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c3ea95ee-e82e-4679-bb53-e2cffb361e0b","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 21st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"decision","content":"Withdrawn","date":"2026-05-20T08:40:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":56598886,"name":"Biological sciences/Genetics"},{"id":56598887,"name":"Biological sciences/Plant sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-20T08:55:22+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-21 15:16:01","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7406367","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7406367","identity":"rs-7406367","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}