Optimal Dimensions and Performance Evaluation of a Truncated Spherical Dielectric Lens Antenna at X-Band Frequencies

Optimal Dimensions and Performance Evaluation of a Truncated Spherical Dielectric Lens Antenna at X-Band Frequencies | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Optimal Dimensions and Performance Evaluation of a Truncated Spherical Dielectric Lens Antenna at X-Band Frequencies Syed Zeeshan Ali, Kamran Ahsan, Danish-ul-Khairi Khairi, syed akhter Raza This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3936563/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study presents the design and development of a truncated spherical dielec-tric lens antenna. The objective was to enhance and optimize the directivity and beamwidth of the feed antenna by adjusting the feed position around the focal point of the lens. Polyetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), with a dielectric constant of 2.1, was chosen as the lens medium. Simulations were conducted using CST Studio Suite over a frequency range of 8 to 12 GHz. Experimental validation was performed using a vector network analyzer (VNA) and an anechoic chamber. The optimized dimensions of the dielectric lens antenna were determined as follows: lens thickness (T) = 24.34 mm, center of curvature (R) = 55 mm, and lens aperture (L) = 110 mm. This configuration achieved a directivity of 21.9 dBi and a beamwidth of 13.1°. The resulting dielectric lens antenna exhibits a compact size, simple geometric shape, and ease of design and construction. These characteristics make it highly suitable for RF applications, particularly when energy concentration is required. Truncated spherical lens antenna directivity PTFE CST simulation X-band reflection coefficient. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3936563","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":271689086,"identity":"339e7f4a-c828-4c1f-84af-06b140329d6a","order_by":0,"name":"Syed Zeeshan Ali","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA50lEQVRIie2PvwrCMBCHUwNxOemaUmhfIRDo+4iQqYPgqKBQqIs418F38BEqB3kGoR38A06CQkGcxDi6tHUTzAd3/Ib7uDtCLJYfhZoKWIjbPSF5e0W6nA3EV0p/lUHEWynhPMFqOCmdTZGqMUzKwCX0cNzVKM5CKz/TZypK1AXos/RmTMq47igeRxQYMpErVZjQ3+TA/DqFhdeqgieCyONoZEKzAhyI30uRe5lZZ0KzwkFFfm+JwgU98NZLlF7S8Es4x1MFd5ym3WR7u9wxcLvJ4VSnfNCBd6dtx984j2+mLRaL5W94Af0eTgRm3HSHAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Federal Urdu University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Syed","middleName":"Zeeshan","lastName":"Ali","suffix":""},{"id":271689087,"identity":"d518d937-2760-4ffc-a353-9014276b550a","order_by":1,"name":"Kamran Ahsan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal Urdu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kamran","middleName":"","lastName":"Ahsan","suffix":""},{"id":271689088,"identity":"ca25ae23-ffaf-4823-b66a-bba6ee25b4a5","order_by":2,"name":"Danish-ul-Khairi Khairi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal Urdu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Danish-ul-Khairi","middleName":"","lastName":"Khairi","suffix":""},{"id":271689089,"identity":"d5025dde-5636-4549-97d1-ddcd341e9947","order_by":3,"name":"syed akhter Raza","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal Urdu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"syed","middleName":"akhter","lastName":"Raza","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-02-07 10:50:32","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3936563/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3936563/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":50980890,"identity":"8e43e0db-3939-451d-a8b7-db0d9a3186bc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-12 05:23:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":973730,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SubmittedTelcomsystemOptimalDimensionsandPerformanceEvaluationofaTruncatedSphericalDielectricLensAntennaatXBandFrequencies.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3936563/v1_covered_e6187ac2-6040-49a2-9904-241c521eac32.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Optimal Dimensions and Performance Evaluation of a Truncated Spherical Dielectric Lens Antenna at X-Band Frequencies","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Truncated spherical lens antenna, directivity, PTFE, CST simulation, X-band, reflection coefficient.","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3936563/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3936563/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This study presents the design and development of a truncated spherical dielec-tric lens antenna. 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