Assessment of emotional intelligence and influencing factors among Moroccan radiologic technologists

Assessment of emotional intelligence and influencing factors among Moroccan radiologic technologists | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Assessment of emotional intelligence and influencing factors among Moroccan radiologic technologists Jaouad Elkhalladi, Mohamed El Fahssi, Fatima Zahra Ramdani, Chaima Jaouad, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8574607/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 15 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objectives The hospital environment in radiology is highly demanding, making emotional intelligence (EI) essential for radiologic technologists to manage emotions and communicate effectively. The objective is to assess the level of emotional intelligence among radiologic technologists in Morocco and to examine the sociodemographic and professional factors associated with variations in emotional intelligence scores. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study with analytical aims included 130 radiologic technologists working in seven hospitals in Morocco. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS), along with sociodemographic and professional variables. Results EI was significantly associated with gender, age, professional seniority, workplace, marital status, job satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and prior knowledge of EI, whereas no associations were found with academic level, type of establishment, means of transportation, or formal EI training. After multivariable adjustment, working in a private hospital, higher job satisfaction, and prior knowledge of EI remained independently associated with higher EI scores. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of integrating EI into the professional development of radiologic technologists. By enhancing communication, emotional regulation, and stress management, EI contributes to better patient care, improved healthcare experiences, and overall public health outcomes. Tailored training programs, improved working conditions, and the integration of emotional intelligence into workforce management policies are therefore recommended. Emotional intelligence health radiology soft skills stress TMMS 1 Introduction Healthcare professionals work in environments characterized by a high emotional burden, significant relational complexity, and increasing organizational and technological demands [ 1 ]. In this context, emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one’s own emotions as well as those of others in order to promote optimal adaptation and effective functioning [ 2 ]. EI plays a critical role in regulating stress, emotional distress, and the challenging situations commonly encountered in healthcare settings. It contributes to the preservation of healthcare workers’ psychological well-being, enhances peer support, and helps maintain the quality of patient care [ 3 ]. However, repeated exposure to crises, patient loss, and the death of colleagues has led to a marked deterioration in the mental health of healthcare professionals, a phenomenon that was further exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 4 , 5 ]. While many medical specialties now widely recognize the importance of Emotional Intelligence (EI), technical disciplines like radiology have not sufficiently studied it. Radiologic technologists, who interact directly with patients often experiencing anxiety related to their health status or awaiting diagnostic results, must rely on essential emotional skills to build trust and ensure effective communication within healthcare teams [ 6 ]. Nevertheless, research examining EI and personality traits among radiologic technologists remains limited [ 7 ]. Given the scarcity of studies focusing on EI among radiologic technologists, and considering the recognized importance of this competency in managing occupational stress, promoting healthcare workers' well-being, and improving the quality of patient care and overall population well-being, this study is necessary. The primary objective of this study is to assess the level of EI among radiologic technologists in Morocco. A secondary objective is to identify the sociodemographic and professional factors that may influence EI scores. 2 Methodology 2.1 Study Design This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical aim, conducted to assess EI among radiological technologists working in the Souss-Massa region of Morocco between April and May 2025. 2.2 Population and Sampling The study population consisted of radiologic technologists working in hospitals in the Souss-Massa region (N = 142). A census sampling approach was used, based on an exhaustive list of all radiologic technologists working in the region. Inclusion criteria were full-time employment, a bachelor’s degree in radiologic technology, and at least six months of professional experience, with voluntary participation. Radiologic technologists who were unavailable during the data collection period were excluded. A total of 130 radiologic technologists participated in the study, distributed as follows: RHC Agadir (n = 70), Provincial Hospital Inzegane (n = 13), Provincial Hospital Tata (n = 6), Provincial Hospital Tiznit (n = 6), Provincial Hospital Chtouka (n = 3), Provincial Hospital Taroudant (n = 7), and private hospitals (n = 25). The overall participation rate was 91.5%, indicating good representativeness of the sample relative to the target population. 2.3 Data Collection Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of two main sections. The first section examined the sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the participants, whereas the second section concentrated on the assessment of perceived EI. The sociodemographic section included variables such as gender, age, academic level, seniority, workplace, type of hospital (public or private), primary means of transportation, and marital status. Additional variables assessed included job satisfaction related to the work environment and satisfaction with professional relationships, as well as knowledge and training related to EI. The second section assessed EI using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS), a psychometric instrument originally developed by Salovey and Mayer [ 8 ], and subsequently adapted and widely validated across different cultural contexts [ 9 ]. The French version of the TMMS, validated by Maria et al. (2016) and demonstrating good psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity, was used in the present study [ 10 ]. This version consists of 30 items distributed across three dimensions: emotional attention (14 items), emotional clarity (10 items), and emotional repair (6 items). Responses were recorded on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (“strongly disagree”) to 5 (“strongly agree”). In the absence of validated cut-off values for this scale, EI scores were interpreted using a quartile-based theoretical classification [ 11 ], allowing a relative description of EI levels within the study population. This scale in the present study demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.825 (attention: 0.778; clarity: 0.700; reparation: 0.535). Prior to final administration, the questionnaire was reviewed by two experts in the field and pilot-tested with three participants to ensure clarity and comprehension of the items. These pilot participants were excluded from the final study sample. The questionnaire was administered using two modalities: paper-based, in-person administration, and online distribution via Google Forms. This mixed-method approach was adopted to facilitate participation among radiological technologists working in geographically remote areas, thereby maximizing the response rate and enhancing the representativeness of the sample. 2.4 Statistical Analysis Data analysis was examined using Jamovi software. The normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages, whereas continuous variables were expressed as means ± standard deviations (SD). Bivariate analyses were conducted after checking the assumptions of homogeneity of variances using the Levene test. The Student’s t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for comparisons of continuous variables when the assumption of equal variances was met. When this assumption was violated, the Welch test was used. Multivariable analysis was used with linear regression modeling to identify factors associated with the dependent variable. Variables showing a potential association with the outcome in bivariate analyses (p < 0.20) were included in the multivariable regression model. A two-tailed p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. 3 Results As shown in Table 1 , EI scores were significantly higher among female participants (p = 0.011), individuals aged over 27 years (p < 0.001), and those with more than five years of seniority (p < 0.001). Married participants also demonstrated higher EI scores compared with single participants (p = 0.009). Higher levels of job satisfaction (p < 0.001) and relationship satisfaction (p < 0.001) were strongly associated with increased EI scores. In addition, participants who reported having prior knowledge of EI showed significantly higher EI scores (p < 0.001), and a significant relationship was also observed between EI and the workplace context (p < 0.05). In contrast, academic level (p = 0.237), type of establishment (p = 0.351), means of transport (p = 0.112), and formal training in EI (p = 0.234) were not significantly associated with EI scores. Table 1 Distribution of sociodemographic and professional characteristics according to EI scores Variables EI score N (%) Mean Sd p-value Gender 0.011* Male 44 (33.8) 68.3 13.9 Female 86 (66.2) 75.2 14.5 Age 27 60 (46.2) 77.5 15.2 Academic level 0.237 Bachelor 108 (83.1) 73.8 14.6 Master 20 (15.4) 69.2 13.9 Doctorate 2 (1.5) 69.5 24.7 Seniority 5 53 (40.8) 78.4 15.2 Workplace 0.050* RHC Agadir 70 (53.8) 70.1 13.5 PH Inzegane 13 (10.0) 77.1 14.2 PH Tata 6 (4.6) 75.7 20.1 PH Tiznit 6 (4.6) 78.8 13.7 PH Chtouka 3 (2.3) 81.7 19.7 PH Taroudant 7 (5.4) 63.0 10.6 Private Hospital 25 (9.2) 78.2 15.3 Type of establishment 0.351 Public 105 (80.8) 72.2 13.5 Private 25 (19.2) 75.7 18.2 Means of transport 0.112 Personal car 44 (33.8) 77.2 14.8 Public transport 59 (45.4) 70.2 14.1 Motorcycles 8 (6.2) 71.0 16.6 Bike or walk 19 (14.6) 72.3 13.8 Marital status 0.009* Single 89 (68.5) 70.3 13.3 Married 39 (30.0) 78.2 15.8 Divorced 2 (1.5) 84.5 23.3 Work satisfaction < .001* Not satisfied at all 12 (9.2) 61.4 12.8 Not satisfied 28 (21.5) 66.3 15.2 Neutral 31 (23.8) 67.7 10.3 Satisfied 46 (35.4) 80.4 12.4 Very satisfied 13 (10.0) 83.5 12.3 Relationship satisfaction < .001* Not satisfied at all 8 (6.2) 61.4 13.64 Not satisfied 21 (16.2) 64.6 14.66 Neutral 32 (24.6) 69.8 10.96 Satisfied 44 (33.8) 77.5 16.32 Very satisfied 25 (19.2) 79.3 9.20 Knowledge in EI < .001* No 73 (56.2) 66.9 13.5 Yes 57 (43.8) 80.5 12.3 Training in EI 0.234* No 122 (93.8) 72.5 14.4 Yes 8 (6.2) 78.9 17.1 *<0.05, Sd: Standard deviation, RHC: Regional Hospital Center, PH: Provincial Hospital Differences in EI dimensions according to gender, age, and professional seniority are presented in Table 2 . Significant differences were observed in favor of women for emotional clarity, emotional repair, and total EI, while higher scores across all dimensions were found among participants older than 27 years and those with more than five years of professional experience. Table 2 Differences in EI Dimensions According to Gender, Age, and Professional Seniority Emotional dimensions Gender Age Seniority Group Mean ± Sd p Group Mean ± Sd p Group Mean ± Sd p Emotional attention Male 30.9 ± 8.3 0.164 ≤ 27 30.4 ± 7.5 0.003* ≤ 5 30.7 ± 7.6 0.006* Female 33.0 ± 7.9 > 27 34.5 ± 8.1 > 5 34.6 ± 8.1 Emotional clarity Male 23.0 ± 6.6 0.043* ≤ 27 23.6 ± 6.5 0.048* ≤ 5 23.6 ± 6.5 0.023* Female 25.6 ± 6.7 > 27 26.0 ± 6.9 > 5 26.3 ± 6.8 Emotional repair Male 14.4 ± 4.1 0.007* ≤ 27 14.9 ± 4.3 0.009* ≤ 5 14.8 ± 4.3 0.001* Female 16.6 ± 4.3 > 27 16.9 ± 4.2 > 5 17.4 ± 4.1 Score EI Male 68.3 ± 13.9 0.011* ≤ 27 68.9 ± 12.9 < .001* ≤ 5 69.1 ± 12.9 27 77.5 ± 15.1 > 5 78.4 ± 15.2 As shown in Table 3 , the mean overall EI score was 72.9 ± 14.6 (range: 38–107). Mean scores for emotional attention, clarity, and repair were 32.2 ± 8.09, 24.7 ± 6.81, and 15.9 ± 4.40, respectively. Table 3 Descriptive statistics of EI dimensions Variable Mean Standard deviation Minimum Maximum Attention 32.2 8.09 14.0 50.0 Clarity 24.7 6.81 9.00 40.0 reparation 15.9 4.40 5.00 24.0 EI score 72.9 14.6 38.0 107 Numerous variables were significantly associated with EI scores in the univariate regression analysis (Table 4 ). After adjustment, only a limited number of variables remained independently associated with EI scores. Working in a private hospital was significantly associated with higher EI scores compared with working at RHC Agadir (β = 7.21 [0.86–13.57], p = 0.026). Moreover, higher levels of work satisfaction, specifically being satisfied (β = 13.14 [0.29–25.99], p = 0.045) or very satisfied (β = 16.09 [2.27–29.90], p = 0.023), were independently associated with increased EI scores. Moreover, participants reporting prior knowledge of EI had significantly higher EI scores (β = 10.40 [5.31–15.49], p < 0.001). In contrast, variables that were significant in univariate analyses, including gender, age, seniority, marital status, means of transport, and relationship satisfaction, were no longer statistically significant after multivariable adjustment. The overall regression model was statistically significant (p < .001) and explained 51.4% of the variability in the outcome variable (R² = 0.514), indicating a strong model fit. Table 4 Univariate and multivariate regression analyses of factors associated with EI scores Variables Univariate regression Multivariate regression Beta CI 95% p Beta CI 95% p Gender Female – male 6.88 1.63 ± 12.1 0.011 2.36 -2.92 ± 7.66 0.377 Age > 27 – ≤ 27 8.59 3.70 ± 13.5 5 – <=5 9.29 4.37 ± 14.2 < .001 -0.38 -7.11 ± 6.35 0.911 Workplace PH Inzegane – RHC Agadir 6.98 -1.54 ± 15.49 0.107 4.84 -3.01 ± 12.69 0.224 PH Tata – RHC Agadir 5.57 -6.43 ± 17.56 0.360 0.46 -10.24 ± 11.16 0.932 PH Tiznit – RHC Agadir 8.73 -3.26 ± 20.73 0.152 -1.98 -12.59 ± 8.63 0.712 PH Chtouka – RHC Agadir 11.57 -5.06 ± 28.19 0.171 5.88 -8.22 ± 19.99 0.410 PH Taroudant – RHC Agadir -7.10 -18.28 ± 4.08 0.211 -8.26 -19.10 ± 2.57 0.134 Private hospital – RHC Agadir 8.06 1.49 ± 14.63 0.017 7.21 0.861 ± 13.57 0.026 Type of establishment Private – Public 3.55 -2.70 ± 9.80 0.263 Means of Transport Public transport – Personal car -6.99 -12.7 ± -1.29 0.017 -3.86 -9.94 ± 2.20 0.210 Motorcycle – Personal car -6.16 -17.2 ± 4.83 0.270 0.89 -10.19 ± 11.99 0.873 Bike or walk – Personal car -4.90 -12.7 ± 2.96 0.219 -4.07 -12.06 ± 3.91 0.314 Marital situation Married – single 7.94 2.54 ± 13.3 0.004 0.39 -5.48 ± 6.27 0.895 Divorced – single 14.21 -5.88 ± 34.3 0.164 7.68 -10.60 ± 25.96 0.407 Work Satisfaction Not satisfied – Not satisfied at all 4.90 -3.71 ± 13.5 0.262 3.64 -7.99 ± 15.27 0.536 Neutral – Not satisfied at all 6.26 -2.23 ± 14.8 0.147 5.33 -7.77 ± 18.43 0.422 Satisfied – Not satisfied at all 19.00 10.90 ± 27.1 < .001 13.14 0.29 ± 25.99 0.045 Very satisfied – Not satisfied at all 22.04 12.05 ± 32.0 < .001 16.09 2.27 ± 29.90 0.023 Relationship Satisfaction Not satisfied– Not satisfied at all 3.20 -7.91 ± 14.3 0.570 -4.92 -17.05 ± 7.20 0.422 Neutral – Not satisfied at all 8.47 -2.10 ± 19.0 0.115 -1.36 -14.82 ± 12.10 0.842 Satisfied – Not satisfied at all 16.15 5.87 ± 26.4 0.002 -1.22 -14.40 ± 11.95 0.854 Very satisfied – Not satisfied at all 17.94 7.09 ± 28.8 0.001 -4.46 -18.15 ± 9.22 0.519 Knowledge EI Yes – No 13.6 9.04 ± 18.1 < .001 10.40 5.31 ± 15.49 < .001 Training EI Yes – No 6.38 -4.17 ± 16.9 0.234 Intercept 61.28 50.11 ± 72.45 < .001 CI: Confidence Interval, RHC: Regional Hospital Center, PH: Provincial Hospital 4 Discussion The study sample consisted of 130 radiological technologists working in various healthcare institutions in the Souss-Massa region. The sample was characterized by a predominance of female participants and a high proportion of early-career professionals, with 63.1% having five years of professional experience or less. This profile may influence the progressive development of emotional competencies over time [ 12 ]. Moreover, the present study found that participants exhibited a moderate to moderately high level of EI. This result is consistent with findings from an Egyptian study realized among radiologists, which reported that the majority of participants demonstrated moderate to high EI levels [ 13 ]. Gender emerged as a significant determinant of EI, with women scoring significantly higher than men in overall EI (73.06 vs. 67.23; p = 0.017). This result is consistent with the theoretical framework of Salovey (2001) [ 8 ], which emphasizes women’s greater ability to perceive and interpret emotions, as further supported by Mayer et al. (2011) [ 14 ]. In line with this perspective, Bar-On (2016) reported that women generally achieve higher scores in interpersonal dimensions of EI, including empathy and emotional responsibility—competencies that are particularly critical in hospital and healthcare settings [ 15 ]. In addition to gender differences, the findings of the present study showed significant associations between EI and both age (p = 0.031) and professional seniority (p = 0.034). Participants older than 27 years and those with more than five years of seniority exhibited higher EI scores across all dimensions. These results align with those of Fedorova et al. (2025), who demonstrated that older generations tend to obtain higher EI scores, possibly as a result of accumulated professional experience and prolonged exposure to complex social and emotional situations [ 16 ]. Comparable conclusions were documented by Lacomba-Trejo et al. (2024), who identified a positive correlation between age and EI [ 17 ]. Moreover, the present findings indicate that EI dimensions, particularly emotional clarity and emotional repair, vary significantly according to gender, age, and professional seniority. Furthermore, EI appears to function as an evolving competency, shaped not only by lived experience but also by individuals’ capacity for introspection and adaptive emotional regulation, as suggested by Aghabarary and Khedmatizare (2025) [ 18 ]. This perspective supports the view that EI is a dynamic construct that develops progressively through life experience and professional practice. However, no significant association was found between academic level and EI scores (p = 0.267). This lack of association may be explained by the limited number of respondents in certain academic categories. These findings are inconsistent with the study by Sen et al. (2020), which reported that EI tends to develop with higher levels of education [ 19 ]. The presence of a significant relationship between EI and marital status (p = 0.009) suggests that married life may contribute to the development of key skills such as emotion regulation and conflict resolution. Indeed, according to a meta-analysis, marital status influences both EI and relationship satisfaction, particularly through the management of disagreements related to cohabitation, division of household tasks, parenting skills, and everyday communication, which are commonly encountered in couple relationships [ 20 ]. Our findings showed no significant association between EI and either means of transportation or type of hospital, whereas workplace location was significantly related to EI. These results are consistent with previous research among radiology professionals in Australia and the United Kingdom, which reported no significant differences in EI levels across settings [ 21 ] . Furthermore, prior studies among nurses have demonstrated that EI is closely associated with work quality and overall performance, as individuals with higher EI provide better-quality care and exhibit superior professional performance [ 22 ]. In line with these findings, our study also revealed significant positive associations between EI and work satisfaction ( p < 0.001), as well as satisfaction with interprofessional relationships ( p < 0.001). More broadly, EI is strongly associated with effective communication and the quality of interpersonal relationships in the workplace, thereby contributing to higher job satisfaction and enhanced performance [ 23 ]. Research consistently links higher levels of EI across its three streams to greater organizational commitment, civic behavior, and work satisfaction, along with reduced work stress [ 24 ]. The results revealed a significant relationship between EI knowledge and the development of emotional competencies (p < .001). In contrast, no significant relationship was observed between EI training and the development of these competencies (p = 0.234). This lack of effect may be explained by the small number of participants who had received EI training, which likely limited the statistical power of the analysis. Furthermore, these results suggest that the development of EI depends less on participation in formal training programs than on the actual level of emotional knowledge effectively assimilated and applied in everyday situations. This observation is supported by the study conducted by Serrat (2017), which demonstrates that emotional competencies enhance emotion perception, understanding, and regulation, whereas short or insufficiently experiential formal training programs tend to have limited or non-significant effects [ 25 ]. After multivariable adjustment, higher EI scores were independently associated with employment in a private hospital, greater job satisfaction, and prior knowledge of EI, whereas sociodemographic and personal characteristics were no longer significant. The regression model demonstrated strong explanatory power, accounting for 51.4% of the variance in EI scores (p < 0.001). These results are consistent with recent studies reporting a significant association between EI and work satisfaction as well as working conditions [ 26 , 27 ]. Furthermore, previous study has confirmed the relationship between knowledge about emotions and the development of emotional competencies, supporting the observed association between prior EI knowledge and higher EI scores [ 28 ]. 4.1 Recommendations and Implications This study shows that radiological technologists need EI because of their high emotional demands, work stress, and constant patient engagement. A study of radiography students in Australia, Ireland, Hong Kong, and the UK found considerable cross-country variability in EI, highlighting contextual and cultural aspects [ 29 ]. This suggests considering local professional and organizational circumstances for developing EI. A U.S study found that emotionally intelligent radiologists are more effective, manage stress and emotions better, have better psychological well-being, and have stronger relationships with patients, families, and healthcare teams [ 30 ]. These findings suggest that enhancing EI among radiological technologists may positively impact both professional performance and quality of patient care. Accordingly, structured training programs focusing on stress management, adaptability, and emotional regulation are strongly warranted, as such interventions have been shown to significantly enhance EI [ 31 ]. Training approaches grounded in Gottman’s emotional coaching framework—emphasizing emotional awareness, validation, empathetic listening, emotional labeling, and adaptive problem-solving—combined with Bar-On’s EI components, may provide an effective and contextually relevant framework for professional development. Moreover, the scientific literature emphasizes the importance of integrating soft skills, particularly stress management, communication, and adaptability, into the training programs for radiology students [ 32 ], and healthcare professionals [ 33 ]. These skills, developed through continuous training and structured workshops, can significantly improve emotional intelligence, as well as contribute to the enhancement of care quality and the prevention of burnout. 4.2 Strengths and limits This study presents numerous strengths. First, this study adds novel evidence to a scarce body of literature, as EI among radiologic technologists has been only sparsely explored in previous research, with limited studies conducted in Egypt [ 13 ], Australia [ 21 ], and UK [ 21 ]. Second, although the study was conducted within a single geographical region, it included participants from six different provinces, which enhances the representativeness of the sample. Third, the inclusion of both public and private healthcare hospitals constitutes a major strength, as EI among radiologic technologists working in the private sector remains rarely explored in existing literature. Fourth, the completion of this study in seven hospitals including both the public and private sectors with a participation rate of 91%, which may indicate good representativeness and the generalizability of the results. Finally, the inclusion of a wide range of sociodemographic and professional variables allowed for a comprehensive analysis of factors associated with EI in this professional group. Despite its strengths, this study has numerous limitations. First, its cross-sectional design precludes causal inferences between EI and the associated factors identified. Second, the reliance on self-reported data may have introduced response and social desirability biases. In addition, the limited number of participants who received formal EI training may have reduced the statistical power to detect training-related effects. Finally, an inconsistency was observed in workplace-related variables, as working in a private hospital was significantly associated with EI scores, whereas the overall type of hospital (private versus public) was not. This disparity may be due to institutional heterogeneity or inadequate statistical power, therefore interpret with caution. Future multicenter and longitudinal studies are therefore recommended to support and extend these findings. 5 Conclusion This study reveals moderate to moderately high levels of EI among radiologic technologists in Morocco. The findings demonstrate that EI varies significantly according to key sociodemographic and professional factors, particularly gender, age, professional seniority, marital status, and workplace location, while no significant associations were observed with academic level, type of institution, or means of transportation. Moreover, the presence of a robust statistical model explaining more than 50% of the variability, including employment in private healthcare hospitals, higher job satisfaction, and prior knowledge of emotional intelligence, underscores the importance of these factors in understanding and developing emotional intelligence levels. Therefore, planned EI programs in professional training and continuing education may improve performance and patient care. Multicenter and long-term studies are needed to confirm these findings and support the development and application of EI strategies for radiologic technologists, with important implications for public health through improved healthcare workforce well-being and quality of care. Declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval and consent to participate In accordance with ethical recommendations and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, informed consent, anonymity, and confidentiality of all respondents were fully guaranteed. Participation in the study was entirely voluntary, and all data were collected anonymously. The study protocol was approved by the Regional Directorate of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection (approval number: 2045-25). Clinical Trial Number Not applicable. Consent to participate Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Consent for publication All authors agreed to the publication of the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Funding No funding sources. Author Contribution Conceptualization: JE, CJ, OB, and WA; Data Collection : JE, CJ, OB, and AE; Data analysis and interpretation WA, MEF, FZR, and HEG; Writing the manuscript draft: JE, CJ, and AE; Proof reading and editing: JE, OB, MEF and RO; Reviewing RO, HEG, AO, and MB; Supervision JE, FZR, and MB. Acknowledgement We would like to thank all the participants. Data Availability The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request References Mehralian G, Bordbar S, Bahmaei J, Yusefi AR. Examining the impact of emotional intelligence on job performance with the mediating role of clinical competence in nurses: a structural equation approach. BMC Nurs. 2025;24:384. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03002-2 . 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In: The Wiley Handbook of Personality Assessment. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016. pp. 104–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119173489.ch8 . Fedorova Y, Mikuš J, Pilková A, Holienka M, Korniush H. Emotional Intelligence in Business: Intergenerational Study. In: Auer ME, Rüütmann T, editors. Futureproofing Engineering Education for Global Responsibility. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2025. pp. 51–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-85652-5_5 . Lacomba-Trejo L, Delhom I, Donio-Bellegarde M, Mateu-Molla J. Mental health predictors in Spanish population: Age, gender, emotional intelligence and resilience. Rev Latinoam Psicol. 2024;56:45–54. https://doi.org/10.14349/rlp.2024.v56.5 . Aghabarary M, Khedmatizare M. Emotional intelligence as a predictor of clinical competence in nursing students. BMC Res Notes. 2025;18:25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07106-5 . Sen A, Thulasingam M, Olickal JJ, Sen A, Kalaiselvy A, Kandasamy P. Emotional intelligence and perceived stress among undergraduate students of arts and science colleges in Puducherry, India: A cross-sectional study. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2020;9:4942. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_823_20 . Jardine BB, Vannier S, Voyer D. Emotional intelligence and romantic relationship satisfaction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Personal Individ Differ. 2022;196:111713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111713 . Mackay SJ, Hogg P, Cooke G, Baker RD, Dawkes T. A UK-wide analysis of trait emotional intelligence within the radiography profession. Radiography. 2012;18:166–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2011.11.009 . Fashafsheh IH, Eqtait FA, Hammad BM, Ayed AJ, Salameh BS. The impact of emotional intelligence on work performance among ICU nurses in Palestine: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2025;24:413. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03068-y . Karimi L, Leggat SG, Bartram T, Afshari L, Sarkeshik S, Verulava T. Emotional intelligence: predictor of employees’ wellbeing, quality of patient care, and psychological empowerment. BMC Psychol. 2021;9:93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00593-8 . Doǧru Ç. A Meta-Analysis of the Relationships Between Emotional Intelligence and Employee Outcomes. Front Psychol. 2022;13:611348. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.611348 . Serrat O. Understanding and Developing Emotional Intelligence. In: Serrat O, editor. Knowledge Solutions: Tools, Methods, and Approaches to Drive Organizational Performance. Singapore: Springer; 2017. pp. 329–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0983-9_37 . Vali SMK. The impact of emotional intelligence on leadership effectiveness and organizational performance. Qual Quant. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-025-02421-2 . Zheng J, Hong H, Wang N, Sun J, Xu X. Impact of Mindfulness, Emotional Intelligence, and Employee Well-being on Mental Healthcare of Workers’ Affectiveness: The Mediating Role of Employee Satisfaction and the Moderating Effect of Digital Leadership. Health Care Anal. 2025;33:368–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10728-025-00523-4 . Fiori M, Agnoli S, Davis SK, Editorial. New trends in emotional intelligence: conceptualization, understanding, and assessment. Front Psychol. 2023;14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1266076 . McNulty JP, Mackay SJ, Lewis SJ, Lane S, White P. An international study of emotional intelligence in first year radiography students: The relationship to age, gender and culture. Radiography. 2016;22:171–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2015.10.008 . Miller E. The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Clinical Success at the Completion of One Year of Courses for Diagnostic Medical Sonography or Radiography Students. J Diagn Med Sonogr. 2023;39:227–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/87564793221138102 . Milani AS, Hosseini M, Matbouei M, Nasiri M. Effectiveness of emotional intelligence training program on marital satisfaction, sexual quality of life, and psychological well-being of women. J Educ Health Promot. 2020;9:149. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_124_20 . Elkhalladi J, Sefrioui A. The Impact of the Flipped Classroom on the Development of Radiology Students’ Soft Skills. J Radiol Nurs. 2024;43:142–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jradnu.2024.03.005 . Elkhalladi J, Sefrioui A, El Fahssi M, Tahiri M. Level of knowledge of nurses and healthcare technicians regarding soft skills: An exploratory study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2024;58:e20240124. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2024-0124en . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8574607","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":595892796,"identity":"6346375a-4846-44fc-9c13-cce68e7ae04b","order_by":0,"name":"Jaouad Elkhalladi","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Mohammed V University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jaouad","middleName":"","lastName":"Elkhalladi","suffix":""},{"id":595892797,"identity":"4d2b02d4-3c22-4cc8-90ec-9a4d5b6dfbd1","order_by":1,"name":"Mohamed El Fahssi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mohammed V University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"El","lastName":"Fahssi","suffix":""},{"id":595892798,"identity":"3aef4f96-a9d3-4111-961b-e1e70caa4b41","order_by":2,"name":"Fatima Zahra Ramdani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ibn Zohr University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fatima","middleName":"Zahra","lastName":"Ramdani","suffix":""},{"id":595892799,"identity":"7e8e4078-9318-4dff-96d9-5c6c667ca44c","order_by":3,"name":"Chaima Jaouad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Instituts Supérieurs des Professions Infirmières et Techniques de Santé","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chaima","middleName":"","lastName":"Jaouad","suffix":""},{"id":595892800,"identity":"657ff1d9-2edd-4bec-9087-24587461b9b7","order_by":4,"name":"Oumayma Benacer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Instituts Supérieurs des Professions Infirmières et Techniques de Santé","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Oumayma","middleName":"","lastName":"Benacer","suffix":""},{"id":595892801,"identity":"a08d571a-19e7-46a7-bd76-6851f2c067dc","order_by":5,"name":"Wissal Asrar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Instituts Supérieurs des Professions Infirmières et Techniques de Santé","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wissal","middleName":"","lastName":"Asrar","suffix":""},{"id":595892802,"identity":"8f7e8a72-13c5-4abf-bbb8-9de1794560fd","order_by":6,"name":"Raja Ouabich","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Caddi Ayyad University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Raja","middleName":"","lastName":"Ouabich","suffix":""},{"id":595892803,"identity":"a7060fc8-ebdf-4388-8519-ad76938ae3e9","order_by":7,"name":"Hanane El Ghazouani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mohammed V University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hanane","middleName":"El","lastName":"Ghazouani","suffix":""},{"id":595892804,"identity":"5060e905-fece-4c31-81a4-1012b8898e0e","order_by":8,"name":"Mohammed Bouchekourte","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mohammed V University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammed","middleName":"","lastName":"Bouchekourte","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-11 15:53:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8574607/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8574607/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":103505959,"identity":"d8738218-d98c-431a-9b60-e6da06be7e09","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-26 13:33:39","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1243850,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8574607/v1/c5244da2-666b-467c-a786-4d9323e5a63a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Assessment of emotional intelligence and influencing factors among Moroccan radiologic technologists","fulltext":[{"header":"1 Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eHealthcare professionals work in environments characterized by a high emotional burden, significant relational complexity, and increasing organizational and technological demands [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. In this context, emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one\u0026rsquo;s own emotions as well as those of others in order to promote optimal adaptation and effective functioning [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEI plays a critical role in regulating stress, emotional distress, and the challenging situations commonly encountered in healthcare settings. It contributes to the preservation of healthcare workers\u0026rsquo; psychological well-being, enhances peer support, and helps maintain the quality of patient care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. However, repeated exposure to crises, patient loss, and the death of colleagues has led to a marked deterioration in the mental health of healthcare professionals, a phenomenon that was further exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhile many medical specialties now widely recognize the importance of Emotional Intelligence (EI), technical disciplines like radiology have not sufficiently studied it. Radiologic technologists, who interact directly with patients often experiencing anxiety related to their health status or awaiting diagnostic results, must rely on essential emotional skills to build trust and ensure effective communication within healthcare teams [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Nevertheless, research examining EI and personality traits among radiologic technologists remains limited [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Given the scarcity of studies focusing on EI among radiologic technologists, and considering the recognized importance of this competency in managing occupational stress, promoting healthcare workers' well-being, and improving the quality of patient care and overall population well-being, this study is necessary. The primary objective of this study is to assess the level of EI among radiologic technologists in Morocco. A secondary objective is to identify the sociodemographic and professional factors that may influence EI scores.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2 Methodology","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Study Design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical aim, conducted to assess EI among radiological technologists working in the Souss-Massa region of Morocco between April and May 2025.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Population and Sampling\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study population consisted of radiologic technologists working in hospitals in the Souss-Massa region (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;142). A census sampling approach was used, based on an exhaustive list of all radiologic technologists working in the region. Inclusion criteria were full-time employment, a bachelor\u0026rsquo;s degree in radiologic technology, and at least six months of professional experience, with voluntary participation. Radiologic technologists who were unavailable during the data collection period were excluded.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e A total of 130 radiologic technologists participated in the study, distributed as follows: RHC Agadir (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;70), Provincial Hospital Inzegane (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;13), Provincial Hospital Tata (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6), Provincial Hospital Tiznit (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6), Provincial Hospital Chtouka (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3), Provincial Hospital Taroudant (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7), and private hospitals (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;25). The overall participation rate was 91.5%, indicating good representativeness of the sample relative to the target population.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Data Collection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of two main sections. The first section examined the sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the participants, whereas the second section concentrated on the assessment of perceived EI.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sociodemographic section included variables such as gender, age, academic level, seniority, workplace, type of hospital (public or private), primary means of transportation, and marital status. Additional variables assessed included job satisfaction related to the work environment and satisfaction with professional relationships, as well as knowledge and training related to EI.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe second section assessed EI using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS), a psychometric instrument originally developed by Salovey and Mayer [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e], and subsequently adapted and widely validated across different cultural contexts [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. The French version of the TMMS, validated by Maria et al. (2016) and demonstrating good psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity, was used in the present study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis version consists of 30 items distributed across three dimensions: emotional attention (14 items), emotional clarity (10 items), and emotional repair (6 items). Responses were recorded on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (\u0026ldquo;strongly disagree\u0026rdquo;) to 5 (\u0026ldquo;strongly agree\u0026rdquo;).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the absence of validated cut-off values for this scale, EI scores were interpreted using a quartile-based theoretical classification [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e], allowing a relative description of EI levels within the study population. This scale in the present study demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, with a Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficient of 0.825 (attention: 0.778; clarity: 0.700; reparation: 0.535). Prior to final administration, the questionnaire was reviewed by two experts in the field and pilot-tested with three participants to ensure clarity and comprehension of the items. These pilot participants were excluded from the final study sample.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire was administered using two modalities: paper-based, in-person administration, and online distribution via Google Forms. This mixed-method approach was adopted to facilitate participation among radiological technologists working in geographically remote areas, thereby maximizing the response rate and enhancing the representativeness of the sample.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 Statistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData analysis was examined using Jamovi software. The normality was assessed using the Shapiro\u0026ndash;Wilk test. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages, whereas continuous variables were expressed as means\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviations (SD).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBivariate analyses were conducted after checking the assumptions of homogeneity of variances using the Levene test. The Student\u0026rsquo;s t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for comparisons of continuous variables when the assumption of equal variances was met. When this assumption was violated, the Welch test was used.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultivariable analysis was used with linear regression modeling to identify factors associated with the dependent variable. Variables showing a potential association with the outcome in bivariate analyses (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.20) were included in the multivariable regression model. A two-tailed p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3 Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, EI scores were significantly higher among female participants (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.011), individuals aged over 27 years (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), and those with more than five years of seniority (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Married participants also demonstrated higher EI scores compared with single participants (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.009). Higher levels of job satisfaction (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and relationship satisfaction (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) were strongly associated with increased EI scores.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition, participants who reported having prior knowledge of EI showed significantly higher EI scores (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), and a significant relationship was also observed between EI and the workplace context (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). In contrast, academic level (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.237), type of establishment (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.351), means of transport (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.112), and formal training in EI (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.234) were not significantly associated with EI scores.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution of sociodemographic and professional characteristics according to EI scores\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEI score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSd\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.011*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (33.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86 (66.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (53.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (46.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAcademic level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.237\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBachelor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108 (83.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaster\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (15.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoctorate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSeniority\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77 (59.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53 (40.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWorkplace\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.050*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRHC Agadir\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (53.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePH Inzegane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (10.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePH Tata\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (4.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePH Tiznit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (4.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePH Chtouka\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (2.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePH Taroudant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (5.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrivate Hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (9.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eType of establishment\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.351\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105 (80.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrivate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (19.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMeans of transport\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.112\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonal car\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (33.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic transport\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59 (45.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotorcycles\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (6.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBike or walk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19 (14.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.009*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89 (68.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39 (30.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivorced\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWork satisfaction\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot satisfied at all\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (9.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot satisfied\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (21.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31 (23.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSatisfied\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (35.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVery satisfied\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (10.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRelationship satisfaction\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot satisfied at all\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (6.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot satisfied\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 (16.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (24.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSatisfied\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (33.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVery satisfied\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (19.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKnowledge in EI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73 (56.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57 (43.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraining in EI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.234*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122 (93.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (6.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e*\u0026lt;0.05, Sd: Standard deviation, RHC: Regional Hospital Center, PH: Provincial Hospital\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferences in EI dimensions according to gender, age, and professional seniority are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. Significant differences were observed in favor of women for emotional clarity, emotional repair, and total EI, while higher scores across all dimensions were found among participants older than 27 years and those with more than five years of professional experience.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferences in EI Dimensions According to Gender, Age, and Professional Seniority\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional dimensions\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeniority\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Sd\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Sd\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Sd\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional attention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.164\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.003*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.006*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional clarity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.043*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.048*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.023*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional repair\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.007*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.009*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScore EI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.011*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, the mean overall EI score was 72.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.6 (range: 38\u0026ndash;107). Mean scores for emotional attention, clarity, and repair were 32.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.09, 24.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.81, and 15.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.40, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics of EI dimensions\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard deviation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinimum\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaximum\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAttention\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClarity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ereparation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEI score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumerous variables were significantly associated with EI scores in the univariate regression analysis (Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). After adjustment, only a limited number of variables remained independently associated with EI scores. Working in a private hospital was significantly associated with higher EI scores compared with working at RHC Agadir (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.21 [0.86\u0026ndash;13.57], p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.026). Moreover, higher levels of work satisfaction, specifically being satisfied (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;13.14 [0.29\u0026ndash;25.99], p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.045) or very satisfied (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;16.09 [2.27\u0026ndash;29.90], p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.023), were independently associated with increased EI scores.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoreover, participants reporting prior knowledge of EI had significantly higher EI scores (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10.40 [5.31\u0026ndash;15.49], p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). In contrast, variables that were significant in univariate analyses, including gender, age, seniority, marital status, means of transport, and relationship satisfaction, were no longer statistically significant after multivariable adjustment. The overall regression model was statistically significant (p \u0026lt; .001) and explained 51.4% of the variability in the outcome variable (R\u0026sup2; = 0.514), indicating a strong model fit.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnivariate and multivariate regression analyses of factors associated with EI scores\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnivariate regression\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultivariate regression\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeta\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCI 95%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeta\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCI 95%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale \u0026ndash; male\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.377\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;27 \u0026ndash; \u0026le; 27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.463\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAcademic level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaster \u0026ndash; bachelor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-11.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.198\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-13.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.060\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoctorate \u0026ndash; bachelor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-12.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-32.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.240\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-19.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSeniority\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5 \u0026ndash; \u0026lt;=5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-7.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.911\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWorkplace\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePH Inzegane \u0026ndash; RHC Agadir\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.107\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.224\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePH Tata \u0026ndash; RHC Agadir\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.360\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-10.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePH Tiznit \u0026ndash; RHC Agadir\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.152\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-12.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.712\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePH Chtouka \u0026ndash; RHC Agadir\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;28.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.171\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.410\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePH Taroudant \u0026ndash; RHC Agadir\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-7.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-18.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.211\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-19.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.134\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrivate hospital \u0026ndash; RHC Agadir\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.861\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eType of establishment\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrivate \u0026ndash; Public\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.263\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMeans of Transport\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic transport \u0026ndash; Personal car\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-12.7 \u0026plusmn; -1.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-9.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.210\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotorcycle \u0026ndash; Personal car\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-17.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-10.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.873\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBike or walk \u0026ndash; Personal car\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-12.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.219\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-12.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.314\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital situation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried \u0026ndash; single\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.895\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivorced \u0026ndash; single\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.164\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-10.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.407\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWork Satisfaction\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot satisfied \u0026ndash; Not satisfied at all\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.262\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-7.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.536\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeutral \u0026ndash; Not satisfied at all\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.147\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-7.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.422\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSatisfied \u0026ndash; Not satisfied at all\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.045\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVery satisfied \u0026ndash; Not satisfied at all\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;32.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;29.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRelationship Satisfaction\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot satisfied\u0026ndash; Not satisfied at all\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-7.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.570\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-17.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.422\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeutral \u0026ndash; Not satisfied at all\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.115\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-14.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.842\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSatisfied \u0026ndash; Not satisfied at all\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;26.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-14.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.854\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVery satisfied \u0026ndash; Not satisfied at all\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;28.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-18.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.519\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKnowledge EI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes \u0026ndash; No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraining EI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes \u0026ndash; No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.234\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntercept\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;72.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003eCI: Confidence Interval, RHC: Regional Hospital Center, PH: Provincial Hospital\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4 Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study sample consisted of 130 radiological technologists working in various healthcare institutions in the Souss-Massa region. The sample was characterized by a predominance of female participants and a high proportion of early-career professionals, with 63.1% having five years of professional experience or less. This profile may influence the progressive development of emotional competencies over time [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, the present study found that participants exhibited a moderate to moderately high level of EI. This result is consistent with findings from an Egyptian study realized among radiologists, which reported that the majority of participants demonstrated moderate to high EI levels [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender emerged as a significant determinant of EI, with women scoring significantly higher than men in overall EI (73.06 vs. 67.23; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.017). This result is consistent with the theoretical framework of Salovey (2001) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e], which emphasizes women\u0026rsquo;s greater ability to perceive and interpret emotions, as further supported by Mayer et al. (2011) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. In line with this perspective, Bar-On (2016) reported that women generally achieve higher scores in interpersonal dimensions of EI, including empathy and emotional responsibility\u0026mdash;competencies that are particularly critical in hospital and healthcare settings [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition to gender differences, the findings of the present study showed significant associations between EI and both age (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.031) and professional seniority (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.034). Participants older than 27 years and those with more than five years of seniority exhibited higher EI scores across all dimensions. These results align with those of Fedorova et al. (2025), who demonstrated that older generations tend to obtain higher EI scores, possibly as a result of accumulated professional experience and prolonged exposure to complex social and emotional situations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Comparable conclusions were documented by Lacomba-Trejo et al. (2024), who identified a positive correlation between age and EI [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoreover, the present findings indicate that EI dimensions, particularly emotional clarity and emotional repair, vary significantly according to gender, age, and professional seniority. Furthermore, EI appears to function as an evolving competency, shaped not only by lived experience but also by individuals\u0026rsquo; capacity for introspection and adaptive emotional regulation, as suggested by Aghabarary and Khedmatizare (2025) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. This perspective supports the view that EI is a dynamic construct that develops progressively through life experience and professional practice.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, no significant association was found between academic level and EI scores (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.267). This lack of association may be explained by the limited number of respondents in certain academic categories. These findings are inconsistent with the study by Sen et al. (2020), which reported that EI tends to develop with higher levels of education [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe presence of a significant relationship between EI and marital status (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.009) suggests that married life may contribute to the development of key skills such as emotion regulation and conflict resolution. Indeed, according to a meta-analysis, marital status influences both EI and relationship satisfaction, particularly through the management of disagreements related to cohabitation, division of household tasks, parenting skills, and everyday communication, which are commonly encountered in couple relationships [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur findings showed no significant association between EI and either means of transportation or type of hospital, whereas workplace location was significantly related to EI. These results are consistent with previous research among radiology professionals in Australia and the United Kingdom, which reported no significant differences in EI levels across settings [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e] .\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurthermore, prior studies among nurses have demonstrated that EI is closely associated with work quality and overall performance, as individuals with higher EI provide better-quality care and exhibit superior professional performance [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. In line with these findings, our study also revealed significant positive associations between EI and work satisfaction (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), as well as satisfaction with interprofessional relationships (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). More broadly, EI is strongly associated with effective communication and the quality of interpersonal relationships in the workplace, thereby contributing to higher job satisfaction and enhanced performance [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. Research consistently links higher levels of EI across its three streams to greater organizational commitment, civic behavior, and work satisfaction, along with reduced work stress [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results revealed a significant relationship between EI knowledge and the development of emotional competencies (p \u0026lt; .001). In contrast, no significant relationship was observed between EI training and the development of these competencies (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.234). This lack of effect may be explained by the small number of participants who had received EI training, which likely limited the statistical power of the analysis. Furthermore, these results suggest that the development of EI depends less on participation in formal training programs than on the actual level of emotional knowledge effectively assimilated and applied in everyday situations. This observation is supported by the study conducted by Serrat (2017), which demonstrates that emotional competencies enhance emotion perception, understanding, and regulation, whereas short or insufficiently experiential formal training programs tend to have limited or non-significant effects [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter multivariable adjustment, higher EI scores were independently associated with employment in a private hospital, greater job satisfaction, and prior knowledge of EI, whereas sociodemographic and personal characteristics were no longer significant. The regression model demonstrated strong explanatory power, accounting for 51.4% of the variance in EI scores (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). These results are consistent with recent studies reporting a significant association between EI and work satisfaction as well as working conditions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, previous study has confirmed the relationship between knowledge about emotions and the development of emotional competencies, supporting the observed association between prior EI knowledge and higher EI scores [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.1 Recommendations and Implications\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study shows that radiological technologists need EI because of their high emotional demands, work stress, and constant patient engagement. A study of radiography students in Australia, Ireland, Hong Kong, and the UK found considerable cross-country variability in EI, highlighting contextual and cultural aspects [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. This suggests considering local professional and organizational circumstances for developing EI. A U.S study found that emotionally intelligent radiologists are more effective, manage stress and emotions better, have better psychological well-being, and have stronger relationships with patients, families, and healthcare teams [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. These findings suggest that enhancing EI among radiological technologists may positively impact both professional performance and quality of patient care.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccordingly, structured training programs focusing on stress management, adaptability, and emotional regulation are strongly warranted, as such interventions have been shown to significantly enhance EI [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. Training approaches grounded in Gottman\u0026rsquo;s emotional coaching framework\u0026mdash;emphasizing emotional awareness, validation, empathetic listening, emotional labeling, and adaptive problem-solving\u0026mdash;combined with Bar-On\u0026rsquo;s EI components, may provide an effective and contextually relevant framework for professional development. Moreover, the scientific literature emphasizes the importance of integrating soft skills, particularly stress management, communication, and adaptability, into the training programs for radiology students [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e], and healthcare professionals [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. These skills, developed through continuous training and structured workshops, can significantly improve emotional intelligence, as well as contribute to the enhancement of care quality and the prevention of burnout.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2 Strengths and limits\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study presents numerous strengths. First, this study adds novel evidence to a scarce body of literature, as EI among radiologic technologists has been only sparsely explored in previous research, with limited studies conducted in Egypt [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e], Australia [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e], and UK [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. Second, although the study was conducted within a single geographical region, it included participants from six different provinces, which enhances the representativeness of the sample. Third, the inclusion of both public and private healthcare hospitals constitutes a major strength, as EI among radiologic technologists working in the private sector remains rarely explored in existing literature. Fourth, the completion of this study in seven hospitals including both the public and private sectors with a participation rate of 91%, which may indicate good representativeness and the generalizability of the results. Finally, the inclusion of a wide range of sociodemographic and professional variables allowed for a comprehensive analysis of factors associated with EI in this professional group.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite its strengths, this study has numerous limitations. First, its cross-sectional design precludes causal inferences between EI and the associated factors identified. Second, the reliance on self-reported data may have introduced response and social desirability biases. In addition, the limited number of participants who received formal EI training may have reduced the statistical power to detect training-related effects. Finally, an inconsistency was observed in workplace-related variables, as working in a private hospital was significantly associated with EI scores, whereas the overall type of hospital (private versus public) was not. This disparity may be due to institutional heterogeneity or inadequate statistical power, therefore interpret with caution. Future multicenter and longitudinal studies are therefore recommended to support and extend these findings.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5 Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study reveals moderate to moderately high levels of EI among radiologic technologists in Morocco. The findings demonstrate that EI varies significantly according to key sociodemographic and professional factors, particularly gender, age, professional seniority, marital status, and workplace location, while no significant associations were observed with academic level, type of institution, or means of transportation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoreover, the presence of a robust statistical model explaining more than 50% of the variability, including employment in private healthcare hospitals, higher job satisfaction, and prior knowledge of emotional intelligence, underscores the importance of these factors in understanding and developing emotional intelligence levels. Therefore, planned EI programs in professional training and continuing education may improve performance and patient care. Multicenter and long-term studies are needed to confirm these findings and support the development and application of EI strategies for radiologic technologists, with important implications for public health through improved healthcare workforce well-being and quality of care.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003e In accordance with ethical recommendations and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, informed consent, anonymity, and confidentiality of all respondents were fully guaranteed. Participation in the study was entirely voluntary, and all data were collected anonymously. The study protocol was approved by the Regional Directorate of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection (approval number: 2045-25).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eClinical Trial Number\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eConsent to participate\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003e All authors agreed to the publication of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo funding sources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eConceptualization: JE, CJ, OB, and WA; Data Collection : JE, CJ, OB, and AE; Data analysis and interpretation WA, MEF, FZR, and HEG; Writing the manuscript draft: JE, CJ, and AE; Proof reading and editing: JE, OB, MEF and RO; Reviewing RO, HEG, AO, and MB; Supervision JE, FZR, and MB.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe would like to thank all the participants.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMehralian G, Bordbar S, Bahmaei J, Yusefi AR. 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Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2024;58:e20240124. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2024-0124en\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2024-0124en\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Public Health](https://link.springer.com/journal/12982)","snPcode":"12982","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/12982/3","title":"Discover Public Health","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Emotional intelligence, health, radiology, soft skills, stress, TMMS","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8574607/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8574607/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjectives\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe hospital environment in radiology is highly demanding, making emotional intelligence (EI) essential for radiologic technologists to manage emotions and communicate effectively. The objective is to assess the level of emotional intelligence among radiologic technologists in Morocco and to examine the sociodemographic and professional factors associated with variations in emotional intelligence scores.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMaterials and Methods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study with analytical aims included 130 radiologic technologists working in seven hospitals in Morocco. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS), along with sociodemographic and professional variables.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eEI was significantly associated with gender, age, professional seniority, workplace, marital status, job satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and prior knowledge of EI, whereas no associations were found with academic level, type of establishment, means of transportation, or formal EI training. After multivariable adjustment, working in a private hospital, higher job satisfaction, and prior knowledge of EI remained independently associated with higher EI scores.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study highlights the importance of integrating EI into the professional development of radiologic technologists. By enhancing communication, emotional regulation, and stress management, EI contributes to better patient care, improved healthcare experiences, and overall public health outcomes. Tailored training programs, improved working conditions, and the integration of emotional intelligence into workforce management policies are therefore recommended.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Assessment of emotional intelligence and influencing factors among Moroccan radiologic technologists","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-24 13:42:37","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8574607/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-03-10T15:27:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-10T11:40:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-10T09:38:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-03T01:54:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"159088299772854401073001399209451033863","date":"2026-02-26T02:21:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"175884632243819069527386497986889096615","date":"2026-02-25T13:15:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"174640440809602508300444251521534791089","date":"2026-02-24T10:14:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"249398956900794737275490065413415252729","date":"2026-02-23T12:45:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-22T08:59:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"184932763382629107093838675547332144797","date":"2026-02-22T08:23:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-20T11:55:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-02-20T11:55:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-27T16:07:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-01-24T14:16:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Public Health","date":"2026-01-24T14:05:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Public Health](https://link.springer.com/journal/12982)","snPcode":"12982","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/12982/3","title":"Discover Public Health","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e415ebb0-8348-4ce0-af05-859df6443f14","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 24th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-04T23:53:13+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-24 13:42:37","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8574607","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8574607","identity":"rs-8574607","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}