Shared neurobiological mechanisms and behavioral strategies contribute to elevated substance use disorder risk in comorbid autism and ADHD

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While historically viewed as distinct entities, the comorbid "AuDHD" phenotype is now understood to represent a unique neurobiological state characterized by high susceptibility to substance use disorders (SUD). This integrative review synthesizes a decade of research, including pivotal 2024 and 2025 findings, to delineate the mechanisms underlying this vulnerability. We identified a synergistic interaction between shared genetic risk loci, convergent frontostriatal dysfunction, and a mesolimbic "reward deficiency" that predisposes individuals to seek external chemical regulation. Furthermore, we examine how behavioral adaptation strategies, such as social masking and functional self-medication, exacerbate this risk by creating chronic cognitive exhaustion. Our findings demonstrate that substance use in this population often emerges as a functional attempt at self-regulation rather than simple impulsivity. By integrating genomic architecture with circuit-level dynamics and social coping mechanisms, this report provides a comprehensive model for understanding addiction in neurodivergent populations. These insights advocate for concurrent, neuroaffirming treatment models that move beyond traditional diagnostic silos to address the specific needs of the comorbid individual. Health sciences/Diseases Biological sciences/Neuroscience Biological sciences/Psychology Social science/Psychology Autism spectrum disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Substance use disorder Neurobiology Reward system Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction The transition from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) to the Fifth Edition (DSM-5) in 2013 marked a watershed moment in psychiatry by removing the exclusionary criteria that prevented the dual diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [ 1 ] . This change was prompted by a growing body of clinical evidence suggesting that the two conditions often coexist, with current estimates indicating that 30% to 80% of individuals with ASD exhibit ADHD symptoms, whereas 20% to 50% of those with ADHD meet the criteria for ASD [ 1 ] . Rather than representing a mere overlap of symptoms, emerging research suggests that the comorbid state—often colloquially termed "AuDHD"—constitutes a distinct neurodevelopmental phenotype with unique cognitive, behavioral, and neurobiological signatures [ 2 , 3 ] . A primary area of concern for this comorbid population is the significantly elevated risk for substance use disorders (SUD) [ 2 , 5 , 6 ] . Historically, it was theorized that social isolation and adherence to rules characteristic of ASD might serve as protective factors against the exposure to and initiation of psychoactive substance use [ 13 ] . However, recent large-scale epidemiological data and longitudinal cohorts have debunked this "protection hypothesis," demonstrating that individuals with ASD, particularly when ADHD is present, face a risk of SUD that is two to four times greater than that of the neurotypical population [ 5 ] . This vulnerability is not evenly distributed across the neurodivergent spectrum but is most pronounced in individuals who possess average to high intellectual functioning, as they often face greater demands for social adaptation and are more likely to be exposed to environments where substances are available [ 5 , 17 ] . The mechanisms driving this susceptibility are multifactorial, involving an intricate interplay between a shared genetic architecture, dysfunctional neural circuits, and maladaptive coping strategies [ 8 ] . At the molecular level, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified risk loci that influence both conditions, particularly those involving synaptic plasticity and dopaminergic signaling [ 9 ] . At the circuit level, both ASD and ADHD are characterized by alterations in frontostriatal and mesolimbic pathways, which govern executive control, reward processing, and impulsivity [ 10 ] . When these conditions co-occur, the resulting "reward deficiency syndrome" (RDS) creates a state of chronic neurological understimulation, making the potent dopaminergic surge provided by psychoactive substances highly reinforcing [ 14 ] . Furthermore, the behavioral experience of being neurodivergent in a predominantly neurotypical world introduces specific stressors that contribute to substance seeking [ 22 ] . The phenomenon of "social masking" or "camouflaging"—the constant effort to hide neurodivergent traits to fit in—leads to cognitive burnout and emotional exhaustion [ 12 , 23 ] . In this context, substances such as alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine are often used not for hedonistic purposes, but as functional tools for "self-medication" to manage sensory overload, reduce social anxiety, or improve executive focus [ 14 , 17 ] . Despite the clinical significance of this comorbidity, treatment for SUD remains largely siloed, with traditional programs often being inaccessible or even counterproductive for neurodivergent individuals [ 11 ] . This integrative review aims to synthesize the current scientific evidence on the neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms of the ASD/ADHD comorbidity and its relationship with substance use [ 2 , 23 , 24 ] . By integrating the latest findings from 2024 and 2025, this report seeks to provide a comprehensive model of risk that can inform more effective, neuroaffirming prevention and intervention strategies [ 2 , 6 , 15 , 21 ] . Results The selection and synthesis process resulted in the identification of 17 core studies of high methodological quality, complemented by high-impact updates from 2024–2025 [ 2 , 6 , 23 ] . The analysis revealed a tiered mechanism of risk, starting with a polygenic foundation that manifests as circuit-level dysfunction, which is then exacerbated by the behavioral demands of social adaptation [ 2 , 15 ] . Shared genetic and neurobiological mechanisms The genetic architecture of the ASD/ADHD comorbidity is characterized by a high degree of pleiotropy, where common variants influence multiple clinical traits across the neurodevelopmental spectrum [ 8 ] . GWAS meta-analyses have identified specific loci, such as those on chromosome 16p11.2 and within the FOXP2 gene, that contribute to the development of both conditions [ 8 , 9 ] . These genetic factors are not only tied to the diagnosis of ASD or ADHD but also correlate with quantitative population measures of impulsivity and executive dysfunction, suggesting that clinical diagnoses represent the extreme end of a continuous heritable spectrum [ 4 , 9 ] . Table 1 Summary of key genetic risk loci and their neurobiological impact in ASD/ADHD comorbidity. GENETIC CONTEXT Key Risk Loci/Genes Neurobiological Impact Clinical Trait COMMON VARIANTS FOXP2 , DUSP6 Synaptic communication regulation Behavioral inhibition SHARED LOCI PIDD1 , ST3GAL3 Cortical tissue maturation Impulsivity, novelty seeking POLYGENIC SCORE Transdiagnostic Reduced tonic dopamine release Reward deficiency CHROMOSOME 16 16p11.2 Altered synaptic plasticity Vulnerability to addiction These genetic vulnerabilities translate into structural and functional alterations in the brain's "control" and "reward" centers [ 10 ] . Structural MRI analyses, notably those from the ENIGMA consortium, show that children with comorbid ASD and ADHD have overlapping subcortical volume reductions, particularly in the caudate nucleus and parts of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) [4]. Functional connectivity studies using fMRI and EEG data indicate that the comorbid state is characterized by unique internetwork dynamics. While individuals with "pure" ADHD show unstable activity primarily in the dorsal attention network (DAN), those with comorbid ASD+ADHD exhibit atypical transitions between the frontoparietal network (FPN) and the default mode network (DMN) [ 3 , 15 ] . The mesolimbic dopaminergic system serves as a central hub for this vulnerability [ 10 , 14 ] . Individuals with comorbidities often exist in a state of "dopaminergic hypoactivity," where the baseline (tonic) levels of dopamine are insufficient to maintain motivation or satisfy the reward requirements of the brain [ 14 , 18 ] . This neurological state is termed "reward deficiency syndrome." When these individuals are exposed to psychoactive substances, the resulting phasic bursts of dopamine are significantly more reinforcing than are neurotypical individuals, as they effectively "correct" the underlying deficit [ 14 ] . Epidemiological evidence and developmental risk factors The epidemiological data consistently highlight that the presence of ADHD in autistic individuals is a significant risk multiplier for the development of SUD [ 5 ] . Registry-based cohort studies have shown that while ASD alone increases the risk of SUD, the addition of ADHD symptoms elevates the risk significantly more than either condition alone does [ 5 , 16 ] . DIAGNOSIS Risk Ratio (OR) for SUD Key Risk Factor Table 2 Comparative risk ratios for Substance Use Disorder (SUD) across neurodivergent phenotypes. GENERAL POPULATION 1.0 (Baseline) N/A ASD ONLY 1.5–2.0 High-functioning traits ADHD ONLY 2.5–3.5 Childhood impulsivity ASD + ADHD 3.5–4.5 Executive dysfunction + Social stress Developmental trajectories indicate that childhood symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity are robust predictors of SUD development in adolescence and young adulthood [ 16 ] . Research from 2024 and 2025 further clarifies that early sensory processing deficits (measurable as early as 18 months) can create "developmental cascades" [ 15 ] . These cascades lead to early social failure and chronic stress, which in turn foster the use of substances as compensatory adaptations during the transition to independence [ 15 , 17 ] . Contrary to the belief that stimulants might lead to addiction, evidence suggests that adequate pharmacological management of ADHD in childhood—using methylphenidate or amphetamines—may actually reduce the long-term risk of illicit substance use by promoting dopaminergic stability and improving executive regulation [ 19 , 20 ] . The highest risk is observed in "undiagnosed" adults who have developed polysubstance use habits to cope with a lifetime of untreated neurodevelopmental challenges [ 11 , 14 ] . Behavioral strategies: Functional use and social masking A core finding of this review is that substance use in the ASD/ADHD population is frequently "functional" or "instrumental" in nature [ 17 ] . Individuals report using specific substances to address perceived deficits in their neurological functioning, a pattern known as the self-medication hypothesis [ 14 ] . The use of stimulants, primarily nicotine and caffeine, is strongly associated with attempts to improve attention, motivation, and the ability to "start" tasks (overcoming executive dysfunction) [ 14 , 18 ] . Nicotine has been shown to enhance cognitive performance specifically in ADHD patients, making it highly addictive as a functional aid [ 18 ] . Conversely, the use of depressants such as alcohol and cannabis is linked to the management of "ASD-type" symptoms [ 17 ] . Alcohol is frequently used as a social lubricant to reduce the cognitive effort of social interaction and to "numb" sensory hyperresponsivity in loud or crowded environments [ 12 , 17 ] . Cannabis is used for emotional regulation, anxiety reduction, and as a sleep aid for individuals with chronic hyperarousal [ 17 ] . A critical behavioral driver identified in 2024 is the role of "social masking" or "camouflaging" [ 12 ] . Autistic individuals, particularly those with comorbid ADHD who are often socially motivated but socially clumsy, engage in exhaustive efforts to appear neurotypical [ 12 , 15 ] . This continuous performance leads to "autistic burnout," a state of complete physical and mental exhaustion. The data show a direct positive correlation between the degree of masking and the frequency of alcohol use, as individuals use alcohol to both facilitate social performance and to decompress from the resulting stress [ 12 ] . Discussion The integration of current evidence reveals that vulnerability to substance use in individuals with comorbid ASD and ADHD is an emergent property of a complex system involving biological predisposition and environmental pressure [ 1 , 2 ] . The findings suggest that we must move away from viewing addiction in this population as a simple behavioral failure or a lack of willpower; instead, it must be understood as a physiological response to a neurobiological "mismatch" between the individual and their environment [ 3 , 4 ] . The shared pathophysiology of frontostriatal and mesolimbic circuits provides the biological "engine" for this risk [ 5 ] . The state of dopamine hypoactivity means that the brain is essentially starved for chemical signals that provide a sense of reward and focus [ 6 , 7 ] . When psychoactive substances are introduced, they do not just provide a "high" but often represent the first time the individual feels "normal" or "focused" [ 8 ] . This explains the rapid transition from use to dependence observed in this population [ 9 ] . The circuit-level evidence from 2024 further suggests that the ASD/ADHD comorbidity creates a specific form of "temporal network inflexibility," making it harder for these individuals to shift away from the rewarding stimuli of drug use once the habit is formed [ 10 ] . A profound insight derived from the 2024–2025 literature is the causal relationship between social masking and addiction [ 11 , 12 ] . Traditional behavioral interventions have often emphasized "normalization"—training autistic people to suppress their natural behaviors and mimic neurotypical ones [ 13 ] . However, the evidence now suggests that this act of masking is a primary driver of the stress and exhaustion that leads to alcohol and cannabis misuse [ 14 ] . This finding indicates that the "successful" masking of autistic traits comes at a high psychological cost, potentially trading social acceptance for substance dependence [ 15 ] . Clinical implications are significant and demand a reorganization of SUD services [ 16 ] . The high prevalence of undiagnosed ASD/ADHD in the SUD population—estimated at nearly one in four patients—suggests that standard addiction programs fail in a large portion of their clients [ 17 , 18 ] . Because "AuDHD" individuals use substances functionally, simply removing the substance without addressing the underlying neurodevelopmental deficit is likely to lead to relapse [ 19 ] . Concurrent treatment is essential: stabilizing ADHD symptoms with appropriate medication while providing a sensory-friendly, neuroaffirming therapeutic environment [ 20 ] . Pharmacological strategies must also be refined [ 21 ] . While there is a valid concern regarding the misuse of stimulant medications, the data suggest that untreated ADHD is a much greater risk factor for addiction than the medications used to treat it [ 21 , 22 ] . The use of extended-release (ER) formulations and nonstimulant options such as atomoxetine can mitigate these risks while still providing the necessary dopaminergic support [ 22 ] . Furthermore, emerging research into nature-based and traitbased therapies suggests that reducing environmental stress and focusing on strengths-based identities can significantly improve recovery outcomes—with completion rates exceeding 90% in some specialized programs [ 25 ] . In conclusion, the susceptibility to SUD in the comorbid ASD/ADHD population is driven by a synergistic "pincer movement": a neurobiological drive for dopaminergic compensation and a behavioral drive for relief from the exhaustion of social adaptation. Future research must prioritize longitudinal studies that track these trajectories from early childhood and investigate the efficacy of neuro-affirming intervention models that prioritize quality of life and sensory regulation over behavioral "normalization." Methods This study utilized an integrative literature review methodology, a systematic approach designed to synthesize research from diverse designs (quantitative, qualitative, and experimental) to provide a comprehensive understanding of a complex clinical phenomenon [ 23 ] . This methodology is particularly suitable for ASD/ADHD comorbidity, as it allows for the integration of data from genomic studies, neuroimaging, epidemiological registries, and qualitative behavioral assessments into a unified model [ 23 ] . The review followed the five stages of the Whittemore and Knafl (2005) framework: (1) problem identification; (2) literature search; (3) data evaluation; (4) data analysis; and (5) presentation [ 23 ] . The synthesis was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) recommendations to ensure methodological transparency and reproducibility [ 24 ] . Search strategy and information sources A comprehensive electronic search was conducted across four major databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and Scopus, which represent the primary repositories for psychiatry, neuroscience, and mental health literature [ 24 ] . The search strategy employed a combination of Boolean operators and keywords: ("Autism Spectrum Disorder" OR "ASD") AND ("ADHD" OR "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder") AND ("Substance-Related Disorders" OR "Addiction" OR "Substance Abuse") AND ("Neurobiology" OR "Reward System" OR "Dopamine"). The search was restricted to peer-reviewed articles published between January 2014 and March 2025 [ 1 , 2 ] . This timeframe was selected on the basis of the 2013 publication of the DSM-5, which fundamentally changed the diagnostic criteria for the comorbidity [ 3 ] . A secondary search phase involving "snowballing" (reference chaining) and forward citation checks for highimpact 2024 and 2025 reviews the latest mechanistic insights into frontostriatal circuit dynamics and genetic pleiotropy [ 4 , 5 ] . Eligibility criteria and study selection Studies were eligible for inclusion if they (a) explicitly addressed the ASD/ADHD comorbidity or the overlap of traits; (b) investigated neurobiological (genomic, neuroimaging) or behavioral mechanisms of SUD susceptibility; (c) utilized empirical data or systematic synthesis methods; and (d) were available in English, Portuguese, or Spanish [ 24 ] . The exclusion criteria included studies focusing on only one disorder (ASD or ADHD) without comparative or comorbid analysis, case reports with low generalizability, and non-peer-reviewed content [ 24 ] . Table 3 Overview of the study selection process according to inclusion and quality criteria. SELECTION STAGE Criteria Outcome INITIAL SCREENING Titles and abstracts of 1375 records Identfied 149 potentially relevant full texts FULL-TEXT REVIEW Independent assessment by two reviewers Selected 17 core studies for primary analysis QUALITY CHECK Methodological rigor and relevance Validated using adapted GRADE system FINAL INCLUSION Core studies + 2024/2025 updates Final synthesis set Data analysis and evaluation Data were extracted into a structured matrix including author information, study design, participant characteristics (e.g., age, co-occurring conditions), primary neurobiological findings, and behavioral outcomes [ 23 ] . The quality of evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system, adapted for observational and prognostic studies, which considers factors like risk of bias, consistency, and precision [ 23 ] . The synthesis utilized a thematic and narrative approach to weave together the multi-scalar data [ 23 ] . Causal relationships were inferred by analyzing the overlap between circuit deficits (e.g., frontostriatal hypoactivity) and behavioral patterns (e.g., functional self-medication) [ 6 , 7 ] . The role of environmental stressors, specifically social masking, was integrated as a mediating factor between neurobiology and substance use [ 11 ] . Declarations Data availability This study is an integrative review and does not report a new primary dataset. All the data analyzed are available within the referenced peer-reviewed articles cited in the text. No additional source data are required to interpret or replicate the findings. Funding Declaration The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Author contributions statement M.S.R. conceived the review, performed the literature search, conducted the data analysis, and wrote the manuscript. All the authors reviewed the final manuscript and agreed to its submission. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial or nonfinancial interests. References Hours, C., Recasens, C. & Baleyte, J. M. ASD and ADHD comorbidity: what are we talking about? Front. Psychiatry . 13 , 837424 (2022). Hassan, A. et al. The co-occurrence of ADHD and autism: neurobiological mechanisms and clinical implications for substance use. J. Neurodev Disord . 16 , 12 (2024). Lau-Zhu, A., Fritz, A. & McLoughlin, G. Overlaps and distinctions between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in young adulthood: systematic review and guiding framework for EEG-imaging research. Neurosci. Biobehav Ver. 96 , 93–115 (2019). Kernbach, J. M. et al. Shared endophenotypes of microstructure and macrostructure in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a widespread mechanism for comorbidity. JAMA Psychiatry . 75 , 1094–1101 (2018). Butwicka, A. et al. Increased risk for substance use-related problems in autism spectrum disorders: a population-based cohort study. J. Autism Dev. Disord . 47 , 80–89 (2017). Bossie, M. Addiction co-occurring with autism spectrum disorder. J. Addict. Sci. 10 , 13 (2024). Santosh, P. J. & Mijovic, A. Drug abuse and dependence in autism. J. Autism Dev. Disord . 36 , 1143–1148 (2006). Rylaarsdam, L. & Guemez-Gamboa, A. Genetic causes and modifiers of autism spectrum disorder. Front. Psychiatry . 10 , 385 (2019). Demontis, D. et al. Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nat. Genet. 51 , 63–75 (2019). Langen, M. et al. Frontostriatal circuitry and social motivation in autism spectrum disorder. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 6 , 72 (2012). Preuss, U. W. et al. Dual diagnosis of substance use disorder and ADHD: clinical characteristics and treatment. Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci. 61 , 123–149 (2022). Bowden, S. C. et al. Coping with camouflaging: an exploration of the relationship between camouflaging autistic traits and substance use in autistic adults. Autism Adulthood . 4 , 234–242 (2022). Ressel, M. et al. Systematic review of risk and protective factors associated with substance use and abuse in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Autism 24 , 899–918 (2020). Preuss, U. W. et al. Self-medication and dopaminergic stability in ADHD and comorbid addictions. Drug Alcohol Depend. 133 , 114–121 (2013). Tamon, H. et al. Developmental cascades and temporal network inflexibility in neurodevelopmental comorbidity. Nat. Ment Health . 2 , 876–888 (2024). Groenman, A. P., Janssen, T. W. P. & Oosterlaan, J. Childhood psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders: findings from a prospective birth cohort study. J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry . 58 , 1026–1037 (2017). Sizoo, B. et al. Using substances to cope with autism: a clinical study. J. Autism Dev. Disord . 40 , 1593–1601 (2010). Sullivan, M. A. & Rudnik-Levin, F. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 931 , 251–270 (2001). Solmi, M. et al. Safety of psychostimulants in people with, or at risk of, substance use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol. Psychiatry . 25 , 2738–2753 (2020). Cortese, S. et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry . 5 , 727–738 (2018). Roop, J. et al. Trait-based model of recovery: powerful clinical outcomes in neurodivergent populations. Sci. Rep. 15 , 6384 (2025). Barber, W. et al. Nature-based therapies for addiction: a systematic review. Sci. Rep. 14 , 11570 (2024). Whittemore, R. & Knafl, K. The integrative review: updated methodology. J. Adv. Nurs. 52 , 546–553 (2005). Page, M. J. et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: na updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372 , n71 (2021). Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Policy on the use of AI in scientific reporting. (2024). https://publicationethics.org/ Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9065458","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":603218438,"identity":"b0a2b3af-d697-4629-82c2-161a072d6f9c","order_by":0,"name":"Mayky Sousa Rodrigues","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABCElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACZhh94ECCgQ2Qwdh4gEgtbIkPPlSkgbQ0EKuFx9hwxpnDYCZeLbrtZ4yNef7YJM5vP2Amzdt23m5t+2GgLTU20bi0mJ3JMU7mbUtL3HAmIQ2o5XbytjOJQC3H0nIbcGk5kGN8mLfhcOIGhoRjYC1mB4BaGBsO49Zy/o3xYZ4/hxPn9z9sA2o5l2x2/iEBLTeADuNhO5zYcCOZGej9A3ZmNwjZcuNZseHctjTjDTeeMQIDOTnB7AbQlgR8fjmfvFnizR8b2fn9+R+AUWlnb3Y+/eGDDzU2OLUwMHAYMPEgcRPBKhNwKgcB9geMP5C49ngVj4JRMApGwYgEAKpJbVCt8YfUAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de São José dos Campos","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mayky","middleName":"Sousa","lastName":"Rodrigues","suffix":""},{"id":603218439,"identity":"3d2764f9-6c20-40eb-9a02-7fe56e5fc8b3","order_by":1,"name":"Lara Marques Rafael","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de São José dos Campos","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lara","middleName":"Marques","lastName":"Rafael","suffix":""},{"id":603218440,"identity":"0a1dec16-e9f2-4b9f-8329-41dc289ad28a","order_by":2,"name":"Karine Antonia da Silva Martins dos Santos","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de São José dos Campos","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Karine","middleName":"Antonia da Silva Martins dos","lastName":"Santos","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-08 16:08:45","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9065458/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9065458/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104288804,"identity":"f6301520-323b-4a4b-bd3f-d74246ab8743","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-10 06:15:04","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":910155,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe synergistic risk model for substance use disorder (SUD) vulnerability in comorbid ASD and ADHD. The schematic integrates multi-scalar risk factors across molecular, circuit, and behavioral domains. (a) Molecular level: shows shared genetic risk loci such as \u003cem\u003eFOXP2\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eDRD2\u003c/em\u003e influencing neurodevelopmental maturation. (b) Circuit level: illustrates the convergence of frontostriatal and mesolimbic dysfunction, resulting in \"Reward Deficiency Syndrome\" and chronic neurological understimulation. (c) Environmental and behavioral factors: highlights the pressure for social masking leading to cognitive burnout and emotional exhaustion. The arrows demonstrate the progression from biological predisposition to the functional use of substances (nicotine, caffeine, alcohol, cannabis) as tools for neurological and emotional self-regulation. Note: citation placeholders in the figure must correspond to the final reference list numbering.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9065458/v1/90347ce6b53b77ead64ba825.png"},{"id":104288805,"identity":"d603e6cb-76a6-4c4d-a86b-07359b66b17d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-10 06:15:04","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1035105,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePRISMA 2020 flow diagram of the integrative literature review selection process. The flowchart details the identification, screening, and inclusion phases used to synthesize evidence. From an initial identification of 1,375 records through database searching, 1,228 records were excluded during the title and abstract screening phase. Of the 149 reports sought for retrieval, 147 were assessed for eligibility. The final inclusion of 17 core studies resulted from the exclusion of 130 reports based on study design (non-observational) or incompatible data types, ensuring the synthesis focuses on high-quality neurobiological and clinical evidence.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9065458/v1/6e6e80e0c558b275a378f484.png"},{"id":104514316,"identity":"295b8ff3-853a-4416-92e7-e51d854b7cca","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-12 16:55:22","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2586155,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9065458/v1/2fcbd5d9-e302-477e-98c3-c8a14e470c8e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Shared neurobiological mechanisms and behavioral strategies contribute to elevated substance use disorder risk in comorbid autism and ADHD","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe transition from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) to the Fifth Edition (DSM-5) in 2013 marked a watershed moment in psychiatry by removing the exclusionary criteria that prevented the dual diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. This change was prompted by a growing body of clinical evidence suggesting that the two conditions often coexist, with current estimates indicating that 30% to 80% of individuals with ASD exhibit ADHD symptoms, whereas 20% to 50% of those with ADHD meet the criteria for ASD \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Rather than representing a mere overlap of symptoms, emerging research suggests that the comorbid state\u0026mdash;often colloquially termed \"AuDHD\"\u0026mdash;constitutes a distinct neurodevelopmental phenotype with unique cognitive, behavioral, and neurobiological signatures \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA primary area of concern for this comorbid population is the significantly elevated risk for substance use disorders (SUD) \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Historically, it was theorized that social isolation and adherence to rules characteristic of ASD might serve as protective factors against the exposure to and initiation of psychoactive substance use \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. However, recent large-scale epidemiological data and longitudinal cohorts have debunked this \"protection hypothesis,\" demonstrating that individuals with ASD, particularly when ADHD is present, face a risk of SUD that is two to four times greater than that of the neurotypical population \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. This vulnerability is not evenly distributed across the neurodivergent spectrum but is most pronounced in individuals who possess average to high intellectual functioning, as they often face greater demands for social adaptation and are more likely to be exposed to environments where substances are available \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mechanisms driving this susceptibility are multifactorial, involving an intricate interplay between a shared genetic architecture, dysfunctional neural circuits, and maladaptive coping strategies \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. At the molecular level, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified risk loci that influence both conditions, particularly those involving synaptic plasticity and dopaminergic signaling \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. At the circuit level, both ASD and ADHD are characterized by alterations in frontostriatal and mesolimbic pathways, which govern executive control, reward processing, and impulsivity \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. When these conditions co-occur, the resulting \"reward deficiency syndrome\" (RDS) creates a state of chronic neurological understimulation, making the potent dopaminergic surge provided by psychoactive substances highly reinforcing \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Furthermore, the behavioral experience of being neurodivergent in a predominantly neurotypical world introduces specific stressors that contribute to substance seeking \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The phenomenon of \"social masking\" or \"camouflaging\"\u0026mdash;the constant effort to hide neurodivergent traits to fit in\u0026mdash;leads to cognitive burnout and emotional exhaustion \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. In this context, substances such as alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine are often used not for hedonistic purposes, but as functional tools for \"self-medication\" to manage sensory overload, reduce social anxiety, or improve executive focus \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite the clinical significance of this comorbidity, treatment for SUD remains largely siloed, with traditional programs often being inaccessible or even counterproductive for neurodivergent individuals \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. This integrative review aims to synthesize the current scientific evidence on the neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms of the ASD/ADHD comorbidity and its relationship with substance use \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. By integrating the latest findings from 2024 and 2025, this report seeks to provide a comprehensive model of risk that can inform more effective, neuroaffirming prevention and intervention strategies \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe selection and synthesis process resulted in the identification of 17 core studies of high methodological quality, complemented by high-impact updates from 2024\u0026ndash;2025 \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The analysis revealed a tiered mechanism of risk, starting with a polygenic foundation that manifests as circuit-level dysfunction, which is then exacerbated by the behavioral demands of social adaptation \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eShared genetic and neurobiological mechanisms\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe genetic architecture of the ASD/ADHD comorbidity is characterized by a high degree of pleiotropy, where common variants influence multiple clinical traits across the neurodevelopmental spectrum \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. GWAS meta-analyses have identified specific loci, such as those on chromosome 16p11.2 and within the \u003cem\u003eFOXP2\u003c/em\u003e gene, that contribute to the development of both conditions \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. These genetic factors are not only tied to the diagnosis of ASD or ADHD but also correlate with quantitative population measures of impulsivity and executive dysfunction, suggesting that clinical diagnoses represent the extreme end of a continuous heritable spectrum \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of key genetic risk loci and their neurobiological impact in ASD/ADHD comorbidity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGENETIC CONTEXT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Risk Loci/Genes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurobiological Impact\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Trait\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCOMMON VARIANTS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFOXP2\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDUSP6\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynaptic communication regulation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehavioral inhibition\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSHARED LOCI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePIDD1\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eST3GAL3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCortical tissue maturation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpulsivity, novelty seeking\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePOLYGENIC SCORE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransdiagnostic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReduced tonic dopamine release\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReward deficiency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHROMOSOME 16\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16p11.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAltered synaptic plasticity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVulnerability to addiction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese genetic vulnerabilities translate into structural and functional alterations in the brain's \"control\" and \"reward\" centers \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Structural MRI analyses, notably those from the ENIGMA consortium, show that children with comorbid ASD and ADHD have overlapping subcortical volume reductions, particularly in the caudate nucleus and parts of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) [4]. Functional connectivity studies using fMRI and EEG data indicate that the comorbid state is characterized by unique internetwork dynamics. While individuals with \"pure\" ADHD show unstable activity primarily in the dorsal attention network (DAN), those with comorbid ASD+ADHD exhibit atypical transitions between the frontoparietal network (FPN) and the default mode network (DMN) \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mesolimbic dopaminergic system serves as a central hub for this vulnerability \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Individuals with comorbidities often exist in a state of \"dopaminergic hypoactivity,\" where the baseline (tonic) levels of dopamine are insufficient to maintain motivation or satisfy the reward requirements of the brain \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. This neurological state is termed \"reward deficiency syndrome.\" When these individuals are exposed to psychoactive substances, the resulting phasic bursts of dopamine are significantly more reinforcing than are neurotypical individuals, as they effectively \"correct\" the underlying deficit \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEpidemiological evidence and developmental risk factors\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe epidemiological data consistently highlight that the presence of ADHD in autistic individuals is a significant risk multiplier for the development of SUD \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Registry-based cohort studies have shown that while ASD alone increases the risk of SUD, the addition of ADHD symptoms elevates the risk significantly more than either condition alone does \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eDIAGNOSIS\u003c/b\u003e Risk Ratio (OR) for SUD Key Risk Factor\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative risk ratios for Substance Use Disorder (SUD) across neurodivergent phenotypes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGENERAL POPULATION\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0 (Baseline)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eASD ONLY\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026ndash;2.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh-functioning traits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eADHD ONLY\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u0026ndash;3.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChildhood impulsivity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eASD\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;ADHD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026ndash;4.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExecutive dysfunction\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Social stress\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopmental trajectories indicate that childhood symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity are robust predictors of SUD development in adolescence and young adulthood \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Research from 2024 and 2025 further clarifies that early sensory processing deficits (measurable as early as 18 months) can create \"developmental cascades\" \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. These cascades lead to early social failure and chronic stress, which in turn foster the use of substances as compensatory adaptations during the transition to independence \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContrary to the belief that stimulants might lead to addiction, evidence suggests that adequate pharmacological management of ADHD in childhood\u0026mdash;using methylphenidate or amphetamines\u0026mdash;may actually reduce the long-term risk of illicit substance use by promoting dopaminergic stability and improving executive regulation \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The highest risk is observed in \"undiagnosed\" adults who have developed polysubstance use habits to cope with a lifetime of untreated neurodevelopmental challenges \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBehavioral strategies: Functional use and social masking\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA core finding of this review is that substance use in the ASD/ADHD population is frequently \"functional\" or \"instrumental\" in nature \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Individuals report using specific substances to address perceived deficits in their neurological functioning, a pattern known as the self-medication hypothesis \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe use of stimulants, primarily nicotine and caffeine, is strongly associated with attempts to improve attention, motivation, and the ability to \"start\" tasks (overcoming executive dysfunction) \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Nicotine has been shown to enhance cognitive performance specifically in ADHD patients, making it highly addictive as a functional aid \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Conversely, the use of depressants such as alcohol and cannabis is linked to the management of \"ASD-type\" symptoms \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Alcohol is frequently used as a social lubricant to reduce the cognitive effort of social interaction and to \"numb\" sensory hyperresponsivity in loud or crowded environments \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Cannabis is used for emotional regulation, anxiety reduction, and as a sleep aid for individuals with chronic hyperarousal \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA critical behavioral driver identified in 2024 is the role of \"social masking\" or \"camouflaging\" \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Autistic individuals, particularly those with comorbid ADHD who are often socially motivated but socially clumsy, engage in exhaustive efforts to appear neurotypical \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. This continuous performance leads to \"autistic burnout,\" a state of complete physical and mental exhaustion. The data show a direct positive correlation between the degree of masking and the frequency of alcohol use, as individuals use alcohol to both facilitate social performance and to decompress from the resulting stress \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe integration of current evidence reveals that vulnerability to substance use in individuals with comorbid ASD and ADHD is an emergent property of a complex system involving biological predisposition and environmental pressure \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The findings suggest that we must move away from viewing addiction in this population as a simple behavioral failure or a lack of willpower; instead, it must be understood as a physiological response to a neurobiological \"mismatch\" between the individual and their environment \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe shared pathophysiology of frontostriatal and mesolimbic circuits provides the biological \"engine\" for this risk \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The state of dopamine hypoactivity means that the brain is essentially starved for chemical signals that provide a sense of reward and focus \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. When psychoactive substances are introduced, they do not just provide a \"high\" but often represent the first time the individual feels \"normal\" or \"focused\" \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. This explains the rapid transition from use to dependence observed in this population \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The circuit-level evidence from 2024 further suggests that the ASD/ADHD comorbidity creates a specific form of \"temporal network inflexibility,\" making it harder for these individuals to shift away from the rewarding stimuli of drug use once the habit is formed \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA profound insight derived from the 2024\u0026ndash;2025 literature is the causal relationship between social masking and addiction \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Traditional behavioral interventions have often emphasized \"normalization\"\u0026mdash;training autistic people to suppress their natural behaviors and mimic neurotypical ones \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. However, the evidence now suggests that this act of masking is a primary driver of the stress and exhaustion that leads to alcohol and cannabis misuse \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. This finding indicates that the \"successful\" masking of autistic traits comes at a high psychological cost, potentially trading social acceptance for substance dependence \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical implications are significant and demand a reorganization of SUD services \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The high prevalence of undiagnosed ASD/ADHD in the SUD population\u0026mdash;estimated at nearly one in four patients\u0026mdash;suggests that standard addiction programs fail in a large portion of their clients \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Because \"AuDHD\" individuals use substances functionally, simply removing the substance without addressing the underlying neurodevelopmental deficit is likely to lead to relapse \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Concurrent treatment is essential: stabilizing ADHD symptoms with appropriate medication while providing a sensory-friendly, neuroaffirming therapeutic environment \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacological strategies must also be refined \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. While there is a valid concern regarding the misuse of stimulant medications, the data suggest that untreated ADHD is a much greater risk factor for addiction than the medications used to treat it \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The use of extended-release (ER) formulations and nonstimulant options such as atomoxetine can mitigate these risks while still providing the necessary dopaminergic support \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Furthermore, emerging research into nature-based and traitbased therapies suggests that reducing environmental stress and focusing on strengths-based identities can significantly improve recovery outcomes\u0026mdash;with completion rates exceeding 90% in some specialized programs\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, the susceptibility to SUD in the comorbid ASD/ADHD population is driven by a synergistic \"pincer movement\": a neurobiological drive for dopaminergic compensation and a behavioral drive for relief from the exhaustion of social adaptation. Future research must prioritize longitudinal studies that track these trajectories from early childhood and investigate the efficacy of neuro-affirming intervention models that prioritize quality of life and sensory regulation over behavioral \"normalization.\"\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study utilized an integrative literature review methodology, a systematic approach designed to synthesize research from diverse designs (quantitative, qualitative, and experimental) to provide a comprehensive understanding of a complex clinical phenomenon \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. This methodology is particularly suitable for ASD/ADHD comorbidity, as it allows for the integration of data from genomic studies, neuroimaging, epidemiological registries, and qualitative behavioral assessments into a unified model \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe review followed the five stages of the Whittemore and Knafl (2005) framework: (1) problem identification; (2) literature search; (3) data evaluation; (4) data analysis; and (5) presentation \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The synthesis was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) recommendations to ensure methodological transparency and reproducibility \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSearch strategy and information sources\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA comprehensive electronic search was conducted across four major databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and Scopus, which represent the primary repositories for psychiatry, neuroscience, and mental health literature \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The search strategy employed a combination of Boolean operators and keywords: (\"Autism Spectrum Disorder\" OR \"ASD\") AND (\"ADHD\" OR \"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder\") AND (\"Substance-Related Disorders\" OR \"Addiction\" OR \"Substance Abuse\") AND (\"Neurobiology\" OR \"Reward System\" OR \"Dopamine\").\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe search was restricted to peer-reviewed articles published between January 2014 and March 2025 \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. This timeframe was selected on the basis of the 2013 publication of the DSM-5, which fundamentally changed the diagnostic criteria for the comorbidity \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. A secondary search phase involving \"snowballing\" (reference chaining) and forward citation checks for highimpact 2024 and 2025 reviews the latest mechanistic insights into frontostriatal circuit dynamics and genetic pleiotropy\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEligibility criteria and study selection\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies were eligible for inclusion if they (a) explicitly addressed the ASD/ADHD comorbidity or the overlap of traits; (b) investigated neurobiological (genomic, neuroimaging) or behavioral mechanisms of SUD susceptibility; (c) utilized empirical data or systematic synthesis methods; and (d) were available in English, Portuguese, or Spanish \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The exclusion criteria included studies focusing on only one disorder (ASD or ADHD) without comparative or comorbid analysis, case reports with low generalizability, and non-peer-reviewed content \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of the study selection process according to inclusion and quality criteria.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSELECTION STAGE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCriteria\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutcome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eINITIAL SCREENING\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTitles and abstracts of 1375 records\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentfied 149 potentially relevant full texts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFULL-TEXT REVIEW\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndependent assessment by two reviewers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected 17 core studies for primary analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eQUALITY CHECK\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethodological rigor and relevance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eValidated using adapted GRADE system\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFINAL INCLUSION\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCore studies\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;2024/2025 updates\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinal synthesis set\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"609\" height=\"387\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData analysis and evaluation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData were extracted into a structured matrix including author information, study design, participant characteristics (e.g., age, co-occurring conditions), primary neurobiological findings, and behavioral outcomes \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The quality of evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system, adapted for observational and prognostic studies, which considers factors like risk of bias, consistency, and precision \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe synthesis utilized a thematic and narrative approach to weave together the multi-scalar data \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Causal relationships were inferred by analyzing the overlap between circuit deficits (e.g., frontostriatal hypoactivity) and behavioral patterns (e.g., functional self-medication) \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The role of environmental stressors, specifically social masking, was integrated as a mediating factor between neurobiology and substance use \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study is an integrative review and does not report a new primary dataset. All the data analyzed are available within the referenced peer-reviewed articles cited in the text. No additional source data are required to interpret or replicate the findings. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding Declaration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions statement \u0026nbsp; \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eM.S.R. conceived the review, performed the literature search, conducted the data analysis, and wrote the manuscript. All the authors reviewed the final manuscript and agreed to its submission. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing financial or nonfinancial interests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHours, C., Recasens, C. \u0026amp; Baleyte, J. M. 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Nurs.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e52\u003c/b\u003e, 546\u0026ndash;553 (2005).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePage, M. J. et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: na updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. \u003cem\u003eBMJ\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e372\u003c/b\u003e, n71 (2021).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCommittee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Policy on the use of AI in scientific reporting. (2024). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://publicationethics.org/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://publicationethics.org/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Autism spectrum disorder, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Substance use disorder, Neurobiology, Reward system","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9065458/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9065458/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe clinical landscape of neurodevelopmental psychiatry has fundamentally shifted following the formal recognition that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently cooccur. While historically viewed as distinct entities, the comorbid \"AuDHD\" phenotype is now understood to represent a unique neurobiological state characterized by high susceptibility to substance use disorders (SUD). This integrative review synthesizes a decade of research, including pivotal 2024 and 2025 findings, to delineate the mechanisms underlying this vulnerability. We identified a synergistic interaction between shared genetic risk loci, convergent frontostriatal dysfunction, and a mesolimbic \"reward deficiency\" that predisposes individuals to seek external chemical regulation. Furthermore, we examine how behavioral adaptation strategies, such as social masking and functional self-medication, exacerbate this risk by creating chronic cognitive exhaustion. Our findings demonstrate that substance use in this population often emerges as a functional attempt at self-regulation rather than simple impulsivity. By integrating genomic architecture with circuit-level dynamics and social coping mechanisms, this report provides a comprehensive model for understanding addiction in neurodivergent populations. These insights advocate for concurrent, neuroaffirming treatment models that move beyond traditional diagnostic silos to address the specific needs of the comorbid individual.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Shared neurobiological mechanisms and behavioral strategies contribute to elevated substance use disorder risk in comorbid autism and ADHD","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-10 06:14:59","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9065458/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"cc562c96-889c-4834-92ce-e3afdba561f7","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 10th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":64186921,"name":"Health sciences/Diseases"},{"id":64186922,"name":"Biological sciences/Neuroscience"},{"id":64186923,"name":"Biological sciences/Psychology"},{"id":64186924,"name":"Social science/Psychology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-12T16:54:34+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-10 06:14:59","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9065458","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9065458","identity":"rs-9065458","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}