CSIDH-Based Quantum-Safe Authentication Protocol for Cross-Slice Communication in 5G Networks

CSIDH-Based Quantum-Safe Authentication Protocol for Cross-Slice Communication in 5G Networks | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article CSIDH-Based Quantum-Safe Authentication Protocol for Cross-Slice Communication in 5G Networks Sweta Mishra, Bhaskar Mondal, Rishi Kumar Jha This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6903899/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Fifth-generation (5G) network technology is not just an improved extension of the fourth generation; it possesses several key properties, including high capacity, network slicing, low latency, high throughput, and network virtualisation.5G aims to provide a better-quality network. Users can access a variety of web services from any location at any time, thanks to the rapid advancements in wireless communication technologies and the increasing popularity of mobile devices. To provide secure communication, numerous schemes have been developed using the elliptic curve and problems based on the hardness of integer factorisation. However, these problems can be solved by quantum computers in polynomial time. Hence, these protocols are no longer safe on quantum computers. This article proposes a quantum-safe and efficient 5G cross-network slice authentication scheme to counter quantum adversaries. We have utilised the CSIDH-based key exchange protocol to enhance its security against quantum attacks. This scheme is based on the mathematical hard problem of computing the action of an ideal over an elliptic curve that is a commutative isogeny Diffie-Hellman problem (CSIDH). The security of the protocol is proved on the BPR model. Additionally, a comparison of all possible post-quantum 5G solutions using key exchange protocols such as Kyber, Classic McEliece, and SPHINCS+5G has been made. Authentication CSIDH Network slicing Quantum computers Session key Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 16 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 13 Jul, 2025 Reviews received at journal 04 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Jun, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 25 Jun, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 17 Jun, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 16 Jun, 2025 First submitted to journal 16 Jun, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6903899","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":477221501,"identity":"aec65842-45e2-48d8-92be-984707146feb","order_by":0,"name":"Sweta Mishra","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"National Institute of Technology Patna","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sweta","middleName":"","lastName":"Mishra","suffix":""},{"id":477221502,"identity":"f917086c-333b-4245-b457-d9cc751082da","order_by":1,"name":"Bhaskar Mondal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Institute of Technology Patna","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bhaskar","middleName":"","lastName":"Mondal","suffix":""},{"id":477221503,"identity":"ae614169-8d31-4cc9-8542-d8203175d277","order_by":2,"name":"Rishi Kumar Jha","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Institute of Technology Patna","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rishi","middleName":"Kumar","lastName":"Jha","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-16 09:23:25","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6903899/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6903899/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":85686052,"identity":"d22d9cff-8044-44d8-b655-8ecf9aead201","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-30 16:01:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":575615,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PostCopy.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6903899/v1_covered_f34fd0b1-dab3-40ab-868f-1e0ded68242e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"CSIDH-Based Quantum-Safe Authentication Protocol for Cross-Slice Communication in 5G Networks","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"cluster-computing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Cluster Computing](https://www.springer.com/journal/10586)","snPcode":"10586","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10586/3","title":"Cluster Computing","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Authentication, CSIDH, Network slicing, Quantum computers, Session key","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6903899/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6903899/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eFifth-generation (5G) network technology is not just an improved extension of the fourth generation; it possesses several key properties, including high capacity, network slicing, low latency, high throughput, and network virtualisation.5G aims to provide a better-quality network. Users can access a variety of web services from any location at any time, thanks to the rapid advancements in wireless communication technologies and the increasing popularity of mobile devices. To provide secure communication, numerous schemes have been developed using the elliptic curve and problems based on the hardness of integer factorisation. However, these problems can be solved by quantum computers in polynomial time. Hence, these protocols are no longer safe on quantum computers. This article proposes a quantum-safe and efficient 5G cross-network slice authentication scheme to counter quantum adversaries. We have utilised the CSIDH-based key exchange protocol to enhance its security against quantum attacks. This scheme is based on the mathematical hard problem of computing the action of an ideal over an elliptic curve that is a commutative isogeny Diffie-Hellman problem (CSIDH). The security of the protocol is proved on the BPR model. Additionally, a comparison of all possible post-quantum 5G solutions using key exchange protocols such as Kyber, Classic McEliece, and SPHINCS+5G has been made.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"CSIDH-Based Quantum-Safe Authentication Protocol for Cross-Slice Communication in 5G Networks","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-30 15:29:23","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6903899/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-09-16T21:22:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-07-13T07:43:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-07-04T06:42:49+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"317864232613094052875838040586722532586","date":"2025-07-01T07:02:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"101960508688630540381788517017433211490","date":"2025-06-25T11:12:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-06-25T06:14:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-06-17T06:26:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-06-17T01:17:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Cluster Computing","date":"2025-06-16T09:15:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"cluster-computing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Cluster Computing](https://www.springer.com/journal/10586)","snPcode":"10586","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10586/3","title":"Cluster Computing","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a8775253-4eef-4e6b-aa08-158cf63f8707","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 30th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-27T15:53:15+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-30 15:29:23","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6903899","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6903899","identity":"rs-6903899","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}