Physical and Chemical Characterization of Experimental Newly Formulated Resin Infiltrated Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Network versus Resin Infiltrated Feldspathic Ceramic Network(An in-vitro study)

Physical and Chemical Characterization of Experimental Newly Formulated Resin Infiltrated Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Network versus Resin Infiltrated Feldspathic Ceramic Network(An in-vitro study) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Physical and Chemical Characterization of Experimental Newly Formulated Resin Infiltrated Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Network versus Resin Infiltrated Feldspathic Ceramic Network(An in-vitro study) Alaa Hussein, Moustafa Aboushlieb, Nour Habib This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4893198/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Oral Health → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background polymer infiltrated ceramic network is hybrid dental ceramic that mimic the properties of tooth structures, unfortunately commercially available PICN still present limitations such as low strength thus, the current study was assigned to prepare resin infiltrated lithium disilicate ceramic network (PILN) and compare with commercially available PICN regarding microstructure and biaxial flexural strength. Methodology: a fine powder of lithium disilicate was produced by grounding IPS e.max CAD/CAM blocks, a porous lithium disilicate ceramic networks containing 25% (PILN-25) and 20% (PILN-20) porosity were produced by firing at 820 O C and 830 O C respectively. Resin was infiltrated and polymerized to form a dense PILN. A total of 69 specimens were prepared and assigned into three groups (n = 23) according to the type of ceramic used in fabrication of the ceramic network. The comparable group was Enamic, while the intervention groups were (PILN-25) and (PILN-20). For two intervention groups, porosity and density were measured before and after resin infiltration using helium pycnometer (n = 3 at each stage). SEM for microstructure analysis (n = 9) and One specimen was examined under FESEM for better visualization of the crystalline phases. Another three specimens (n = 3) in each group were assigned for XRD testing and lastly ten specimens for each group (n = 10) were subjected to biaxial flexural strength test. The statistical significance level was set at p ≤ 0.005. Results There was statistically significant difference in biaxial flexural strength, PILN-20 recorded the highest significant strength followed by PILN-25 and Enamic. PILN-25 showed higher porosity% than PILN-20 and the porosity decreased after resin infiltration. PILN-20 showed higher density than PILN-25 and density increased after resin infiltration. XRD revealed the presence of lithium disilicate crystals in both PILN-25 and PILN-20. SEM revealed highly interlocked ceramic and polymeric networks. FESEM revealed the presence of spherical lithium disilicate crystals. Conclusion PILN is a new type of hybrid ceramic material with enhanced mechanical properties. Clinical implication: PILN can be used as a promising CAD/CAM block to make high strength high esthetics dental restorations. PICN PILN polymer infiltrated lithium disilicate ceramics hybrid ceramics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Oral Health → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 14 Aug, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 12 Aug, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 12 Aug, 2024 First submitted to journal 10 Aug, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4893198","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":340245779,"identity":"70eaa82a-b5de-4e16-a2de-e0f747ed544d","order_by":0,"name":"Alaa 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study)","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-oral-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ohea","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Oral Health](http://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ohea/default.aspx","title":"BMC Oral Health","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"PICN, PILN, polymer infiltrated lithium disilicate ceramics, hybrid ceramics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4893198/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4893198/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003epolymer infiltrated ceramic network is hybrid dental ceramic that mimic the properties of tooth structures, unfortunately commercially available PICN still present limitations such as low strength thus, the current study was assigned to prepare resin infiltrated lithium disilicate ceramic network (PILN) and compare with commercially available PICN regarding microstructure and biaxial flexural strength.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethodology:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ea fine powder of lithium disilicate was produced by grounding \u003csup\u003eIPS\u003c/sup\u003ee.max CAD/CAM blocks, a porous lithium disilicate ceramic networks containing 25% (PILN-25) and 20% (PILN-20) porosity were produced by firing at 820\u003csup\u003eO\u003c/sup\u003eC and 830\u003csup\u003eO\u003c/sup\u003eC respectively. Resin was infiltrated and polymerized to form a dense PILN. A total of 69 specimens were prepared and assigned into three groups (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;23) according to the type of ceramic used in fabrication of the ceramic network. The comparable group was Enamic, while the intervention groups were (PILN-25) and (PILN-20). For two intervention groups, porosity and density were measured before and after resin infiltration using helium pycnometer (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3 at each stage). SEM for microstructure analysis (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9) and One specimen was examined under FESEM for better visualization of the crystalline phases. Another three specimens (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3) in each group were assigned for XRD testing and lastly ten specimens for each group (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10) were subjected to biaxial flexural strength test. The statistical significance level was set at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.005.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere was statistically significant difference in biaxial flexural strength, PILN-20 recorded the highest significant strength followed by PILN-25 and Enamic. PILN-25 showed higher porosity% than PILN-20 and the porosity decreased after resin infiltration. PILN-20 showed higher density than PILN-25 and density increased after resin infiltration. XRD revealed the presence of lithium disilicate crystals in both PILN-25 and PILN-20. SEM revealed highly interlocked ceramic and polymeric networks. FESEM revealed the presence of spherical lithium disilicate crystals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePILN is a new type of hybrid ceramic material with enhanced mechanical properties.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eClinical implication:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePILN can be used as a promising CAD/CAM block to make high strength high esthetics dental restorations.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Physical and Chemical Characterization of Experimental Newly Formulated Resin Infiltrated Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Network versus Resin Infiltrated Feldspathic Ceramic Network(An in-vitro study)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-09-11 18:14:48","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4893198/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-08-14T12:25:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-08-12T14:47:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-08-12T14:47:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Oral Health","date":"2024-08-10T22:41:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-oral-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ohea","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Oral Health](http://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ohea/default.aspx","title":"BMC Oral Health","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f39af581-f678-4b1a-8a02-94e6960320ef","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 11th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-09T16:03:04+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4893198","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06134-8","journal":{"identity":"bmc-oral-health","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Oral Health"},"publishedOn":"2025-06-05 15:57:02","publishedOnDateReadable":"June 5th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-09-11 18:14:48","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06134-8","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06134-8","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4893198","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4893198","identity":"rs-4893198","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}