Study on the Reduction of Residual Stress in Laser Cladding Layers through Groove Texture

Abstract In seeking a method to produce crack-free overlay layers, we combined surface texturing technology with laser cladding, establishing a multi-field coupled numerical simulation model. We separately investigated the temperature, stress, and fluid fields in laser cladding processes with and without texturing, seeking optimal cladding parameters, and conducted experiments. Numerical simulation results indicate that pre-set texturing effectively reduces the temperature gradient during the cladding process, making the thermal cycle curve smoother. The residual stresses in the X, Y, and Z directions are reduced by 34.84%, 3.94%, and 50.22%, respectively. The introduction of texturing reduces the internal flow velocity of the melt pool, preventing the occurrence of a double vortex effect. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to non-textured cladding, pre-set texturing reduces residual stresses in the X, Y, and Z directions by 41.42%, 8.04%, and 47.02%, respectively. This effectively improves surface roughness and internal grain size of the cladding layer, and no apparent defects occur at the metallurgical bonding site. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing the quality of subsequent cladding layers.