Mortality Rate and Clinical Profiles of Patients with Spine Disorders Admitted in a Tertiary Government Hospital: A 7-year Epidemiology Study

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Ella Muriel Valdevieso This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4578785/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose This study aims to have a thorough understanding of the epidemiology of patients with spine disorders in our region. Specifically, to determine the demographic profiles, level of spinal disorders, type of management, and mortality rate. Methods This study utilized a descriptive retrospective cohort study design. The hospital database was utilized and included all patients with spine disorders from January 1, 2016-December 31, 2022. Patient records were reviewed, and data collected according to the objectives of the study. Results The demographic profile of 474 patients were primarily young and older adults at 31.4% and 36.3%, respectively. Majority were males at 70.3%. Traumatic spinal disorders are more common at 66.2%. The infectious type is the most common among non-traumatic disorders at 56.9%. The cervical spine is the most affected level with traumatic etiology at 56.1%. The thoracic spine is the most affected by non-traumatic etiologies at 57.5%. Among non-traumatic categories, infectious causes have the majority number of cases followed by degenerative causes and tumors at 74.7%, 70.0%, and 25.8%, respectively. Surgical management was done mostly on the traumatic spinal disorders while non-traumatic spinal disorders underwent conservative treatment at 55.1% and 72.5%, respectively. There has been a steady decrease in mortality for spinal disorders for the past 7 years. Among non-traumatic etiologies, mortality rates have a normal distribution for tumors and infections at 29.0% and 20.9%, respectively. Conclusion Traumatic cases show a steady decrease in mortality rate, which may indicate an improvement in the hospital’s orthopaedic spine service. Level of Evidence: III Spinal Cord Injury Traumatic Spine Injury Non-Traumatic Spine Injury Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction Spinal disorders include a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of diseases that affect the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, facet joints, tendons, ligaments, muscles, spinal cord, and nerve roots of the spine that often lead to permanent changes in strength, sensation, and other body functions below the site of the injury. Cervical SCI caused the most severe mortality, morbidity, and disability. Improvement on effective measures to prevent and manage SCI remain significant in a growing population of SCI patients. 1 Traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCI) are increasingly recognized as a global health priority. Worldwide, TSCIs have a represent a burden for healthcare institutions due to the expensive and complex medical support required. 2,3,4 This condition is a leading cause of disability due to the loss of productivity. 5,6 The incidence of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar or sacral injuries, varies in published literature. In China, cervical lesions account for less than < 5% of patients hospitalized with traumatic spinal cord injuries, while in Turkey this percentage rises to 92%. 7 This variability and underreporting in several countries may be partly explained by different causes, presence of adequate treatment, geographical and financial factors. Socio-economic disparities could play a role in the low rates of patients presenting with cervical injuries given their higher risk of death prior to reaching the hospital and being therefore identified as incident TSCI cases. 8 Data of epidemiologic information in TSCI are available for 41 countries of the world, which are mostly European and high-income countries. Research and efforts should be made to gather information in developing and low-income countries to plan appropriate cost-effective preventive strategies in fight against TSCI. 9 Epidemiological data on SCI in China are only available for a limited number of provinces and mostly outdated. Updated data on incidence with accurate geographical information and etiology across populations are needed for targeted implementation of preventive strategies. 10 The collection of population-based epidemiological data on traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) is encouraged worldwide, to assist with service development and prevention. 11 Incidence of NTSCI in Ireland is now 26.9 per million per year, more than double the incidence of TSCI. Degenerative and neoplastic conditions are the most common causes. Older females are more likely to be affected and incomplete paraplegia is the most common neurological outcome. 12 The incidence of NTSCI has increased more rapidly than that of TSCI in recent years. The incidence rates of both TSCI and NTSCI are higher in older individuals, particularly those in their 70s and 80s. For TSCI, falls and traffic accidents are the most common causes, with falls being more prevalent in older adults. Cervical SCIs are the most common TSCI, especially in high-income countries like South Korea. 13 Current published literatures and systematic reviews demonstrated limitations and it is difficult to acquire accurate epidemiological data for TSCI in Asia. 14 Despite a growing body of literature about spine disorders, we found several limitations of Asian epidemiology due to the scarcity of population based published data. This study aims to have a thorough understanding of the epidemiology of patients with spine disorders commonly seen and managed in a tertiary government hospital setting in the Philippines. Methods This study utilized a descriptive retrospective cohort study design and was done in Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital (CLMMRH), a tertiary government hospital in Bacolod City, Negros Occidental. The study was approved by the institution’s PHREB Accredited Research Ethics Review Committee. The study included all 474 admitted patients with spine disorders treated by the Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology from January 1, 2016-December 31, 2022. The database of the hospital was utilized to screen patients, patient records were retrieved, and data collected according to the demographic profile, level of spinal disorders, management of patients, and mortality rate. Statistical analysis was done using the Excel and SPSS (v.26, IBM) applications. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistic (D) was used to calculate normality, The Chi-Square Test of Independence was used to test for association among observations and Shapiro-Wilk statistic (W) was used to calculate normality. Results The study results show the demographic profile of 474 patients with spinal disorders admitted in our institution for 7 years. The patients were primarily young adults and older adults at 31.4% and 36.3%, respectively. 36.3%). Males were more affected than females at 70.3% and 29.7%, respectively. Traumatic are more common than non-traumatic spinal disorders at 66.2%. Among non-traumatic disorders, the infectious type is the most common at 56.9%. All these epidemiological data for the past seven years are claimed to be representative of the population as inferential testing demonstrates no significant deviation from normality for all categories of data as shown in Table 1 . Table 1 Demographic Profile of Patients with Spinal Disorders and Test for Their Normality Patient Characteristics f % KS (D) p A. Age 0.155 0.338 Children ( 1 – 12 ) 13 2.7 Adolescence (13–20 years old) 53 11.2 Young Adult (21–39 years old) 149 31.4 Older adult (40–59 years old) 172 36.3 Geriatric (60 years old and above) 87 18.4 B. Sex 0.212 0.489 Male 333 70.3 Female 141 29.7 C. Nature of Spine Disorders 0.174 0.730 Traumatic 314 66.2 Non-traumatic 160 33.8 0.197 0.198 c.1) Tumor 31 19.4 c.2) Infectious 91 56.9 c.3) Degenerative 30 18.8 c.4) Deformity 8 5.0 Note. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistic (D) was used to calculate normality; all p-values suggest no deviation from normality. The study demonstrated that the cervical spine is the most affected level for spinal disorders with traumatic etiology at 56.1%. On the other hand, the thoracic spine is the most affected by non-traumatic etiologies at 57.5%. Among non-traumatic categories, infectious causes have the majority number of cases followed by degenerative causes and tumors at 74.7%, 70.0%, and 25.8%, respectively. All these findings are statistically significant as the chi-square test for independence demonstrates a significant difference among observations as shown in Table 2 . Table 2 Incidence of Spinal Injury by Spinal Level According to Nature of Spine Disorder Spinal Levels: Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral N X 2 p f % f % f % f % Nature of Disorder : 81.460 < 0.001 Traumatic 176 56.1 84 26.8 51 16.2 3 0.9 314 Non-traumatic 21 13.1 92 57.5 45 28.1 2 1.3 160 49.370 < 0.001 c.1) Tumor 8 25.8 12 38.7 10 32.3 1 3.2 31 c.2) Infectious 9 9.9 68 74.7 13 14.3 1 1.1 91 c.3) Degenerative 4 13.3 5 16.7 21 70.0 0 0.0 30 c.4) Deformity 0 0.0 7 87.5 1 12.5 0 0.0 8 Note. The Chi-Square Test of Independence was used to test for association among observations. Surgical management was done mostly on the traumatic spinal disorders at 55.1% while non-traumatic spinal disorders underwent conservative treatment at 55.1% and 72.5%, respectively. Clinically, a patient with a traumatic spinal disorder may more likely undergo surgical treatment while a patient with a non-traumatic spinal disorder may more likely undergo conservative treatment as shown in Table 3 . This is supported by the chi-square statistic where testing shows significance in observations of epidemiological data. Descriptive claims with confidence that this study regarding the management of spinal disorders can be claimed with confidence towards the population by nature and their frequency of observations. Table 3 Management of Patients with Spine Disorders by Nature of Spinal Disorder Management of Spinal Disorders: Conservative Surgical N X 2 p f % f % Nature of Disorder : 32.517 < 0.001 Traumatic 141 44.9 173 55.1 314 Non-traumatic 116 72.5 44 27.5 160 6.6854 0.0826* c.1) Tumor 20 64.5 11 35.5 31 c.2) Infectious 70 76.9 21 23.1 91 c.3) Degenerative 22 73.3 8 26.7 30 c.4) Deformity 3 37.5 5 62.5 8 Note. The Chi-Square Test of Independence was used to test for the association among observations; the asterisk (*) denotes no significant association among observations. There has been a steady decrease in mortality for spinal disorders for the past 7 years as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 . Traumatic cases show a steady decrease in mortality rate, which may indicate an improvement in the hospital’s orthopaedic spine service, a spine specialist physician, and/or reduce psychosocial risks for deaths. There is no significant difference in the mortality rates when traumatic and non-traumatic causes were compared at p = 0.1667. In this study, both etiologies statistically have the same mortality rates as shown in Table 4 . Hence, it cannot be inferentially concluded that non-traumatic cases have a higher mortality rate than traumatic cases. Table 4 Mortality Rates of Patients with Spinal Disorders in 7 Years and per year Year n of Mortality N Mortality Rate W p As a Whole : 0.9035 0.3373 2022 4 37 10.8% 2021 3 16 18.8% 2020 5 30 16.7% 2019 17 82 20.7% 2018 23 112 20.5% 2017 26 123 21.1% 2016 20 74 27.0% Total as a Whole 98 474 20.7% Traumatic : 0.8897 0.2503 2022 4 27 14.8% 2021 3 13 23.1% 2020 4 18 22.2% 2019 11 50 22.0% 2018 11 65 16.9% 2017 17 94 18.1% 2016 13 47 27.7% Traumatic as a Whole 63 314 20.1% Non-traumatic : 0.9182 0.4575 2022 0 10 0.00% 2021 0 3 0.00% 2020 1 12 8.33% 2019 6 32 18.8% 2018 12 47 25.5% 2017 9 29 31.0% 2016 7 27 25.9% Non-traumatic as a Whole 35 160 21.9% Note. Shapiro-Wilk statistic (W) was used to calculate normality; all p-values suggest no deviation from normality. Among non-traumatic etiologies, mortality rates have a normal distribution for tumors and infections at 29.0% and 20.9%, respectively. Mortality rates for degenerative and deformity etiologies are unlikely to represent the population as their observations of frequencies show significant deviation from normality. The lack of sample size is attributed to the design of the study that only includes admitted patients. Other patients with deformity and degenerative etiologies are out-patients. Mortality rates for non-traumatic etiologies are shown in Table 5 . Table 5 Mortality Rates of Spinal Disorders by Non-traumatic Nature Non-traumatic Etiologies n of Mortality N (2022 − 2016) Mortality Rate W P c.1) Tumor 9 31 29.0% 0.8711 0.1664 c.2) Infectious 19 91 20.9% 0.8804 0.2044 c.3) Degenerative 6 30 20.0% 0.8105 0.045* c.4) Deformity 1 8 12.5% 0.4186 < 0.001* Notes. Shapiro-Wilk statistic (W) was used to calculate normality; all p-values suggest no deviation from normality; the asterisk (*) denotes significant deviation from normality. Data were reported in summary due to a lack of sample size. Discussion Spinal cord injury includes sensory deficits and paralysis, making it a major medical issue that puts a considerable burden on the healthcare system. Knowledge of the epidemiologic profile of the spine disorder is important both because of its high personal, bio-psychological impact and high socio-economic burden. 15,16 This study agrees with the World Health Organization’s epidemiological profile of spinal cord injuries where males and adults are mostly affected. Young adults may engage in more high-risk activities, such as sports or extreme sports, which can increase their risk of fractures. 17,18 On the other hand, old adults are more prone to fractures because their bones become weaker and more brittle as they age. 19,20 This is due to a decrease in bone density, which can be caused by a variety of factors, including hormonal changes, poor nutrition, and lack of exercise. Additionally, old adults may be more prone to falls due to balance issues or medical conditions, such as osteoporosis or arthritis. The findings support the multicenter study done in our locality wherein cervical SCI patients were mostly male, older adult and majority were caused by trauma. 21 The cervical spine is the most affected level for spinal disorders with traumatic etiology while the thoracic spine is the most affected by non-traumatic etiologies such as infectious and degenerative causes. This supports the previous findings because of the proximity of the thoracic spine to the lungs. When tuberculosis infects the lungs, it can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream. The proximity of the thoracic spine to the lungs makes it more susceptible to infection. In addition, the thoracic spine is surrounded by a network of blood vessels that can transport the bacterium throughout the body. 22 Traumatic spinal disorders are a serious medical condition that can cause significant pain and discomfort for patients. While there are a variety of treatment options available, surgical methods are often the most effective way to address these disorders. Surgical methods offer a more direct and targeted approach to treating spinal disorders. Unlike other treatment options, such as medication or physical therapy, surgery can directly address the underlying issue causing the disorder. This can lead to faster and more effective relief of symptoms, as well as a reduced risk of long-term complications. Additionally, surgical methods are often necessary for more severe cases of traumatic spinal disorders. In some cases, non-surgical treatments may not be enough to fully address the issue, and surgery may be the only viable option. While surgery can be a more invasive and risky procedure, it can also provide a more comprehensive solution to the problem. Compared with traumatic spinal cord injury, there are relatively few publications on non-traumatic spinal cord injury. It is anticipated that with the aging of the global population in coming decades the incidence of NTSCI will increase substantially. 23 The categories under non-traumatic etiologies cannot claim significance in observations. This study can only descriptively claim that most tumors, infections, and degenerative disorders of the spine undergo conservative treatment, while deformities undergo surgical treatment most likely for correction purposes. Essentially, this data set may still be used as a baseline for future epidemiological studies. The high incidence of NTSCI in older adults in other high-income countries have reported results that are consistent with our findings. In Norway and Scotland, NTSCI were found in older adults aged 60 − 74 years and 66 − 75 years, respectively. 24,25,26 A prospective population-based study in Ireland found the highest NTSCI in patients aged 76 years and older. 27 A study from the Canadian province of Manitoba found higher NTSCI in older adults aged 61 to 70 years. 28 Similarly, a multicenter study in Finland reported that the incidence of NTSCI was the highest in older adults aged 60 to 74 years. 29 Another population based study from Victoria, Australia documented that the age-specific incidence of NTSCI in older adults over 75 years of age was 14 times higher than that in younger patients. 30 Non-traumatic spinal disorders refer to conditions that affect the spine without any external force or injury. These disorders can cause pain, discomfort, and limited mobility. While surgery may be necessary in some cases, conservative methods are often the preferred treatment option. Conservative methods are non-invasive and do not require any incisions or anesthesia. This makes them a safer option for patients. Many injuries can result in SCI, among which falls, and road injuries were the leading causes in most regions causing enormous burden to both patients’ family and the society. Overall, the incidence and prevalence of SCI vary from nation to nation, and most surveys were conducted in developed regions. 31,32,33 However, in the last 7 years, there has been a significant reduction in the number of deaths caused by spinal diseases. This reduction can be attributed to several factors, including improved medical technology, increased awareness, and better treatment options. This has led to a decrease in the number of deaths caused by these diseases. Regardless of the setting and anatomical level of the spinal cord injury, patients with TSCI are at increased risk of premature death. 34 There are wide geographical variations in the reported incidence, prevalence, as well as mortality related to TSCIs. The variability of estimates across countries can be partly explained by differences in terms of mechanism of injury, demographic characteristics of patients, as well as cultural and life-style differences. 35 The mortality rates in the first year since the event are still generally elevated, and significantly higher than those observed at greater distance from the accident. 36 High cervical lesions (C1–C4) were associated with the highest mortality rates at all time-points, and especially one month after the lesion, as confirmed by previous studies. 37,38 Factors contributing to the reduction in deaths from spinal diseases is increased awareness. This includes maintaining a healthy lifestyle, exercising regularly, and seeking medical attention at the first sign of symptoms. Additionally, there has been an increase in public education campaigns aimed at raising awareness about spinal diseases and their prevention. Lastly, there have been significant improvements in treatment options for spinal diseases. New medications and therapies have been developed that can effectively manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Conclusion The cervical spine is the most affected level for spinal disorders with traumatic etiology while the thoracic spine is the most affected by non-traumatic etiologies. Among non-traumatic categories, tumors make up the largest group of cervical cases; infections make up most thoracic cases and degenerative causes. This study concludes that spinal disorders, just like any health disorder, have significant determinants that can be used to the advantage of clinical decision-making among physicians handling spinal cases. Reducing mortality rates indicates improvement in the locality and used to advocate for public health measures regarding spinal disorders. Improvements in trauma care, prompt diagnosis, strengthening of health and spine rehabilitation services, and support services remains critical in comprehensive spine care. Declarations Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Funding: There is no funding source. Availability of data and material (data transparency): Not applicable. Consent for Publication: Not applicable. Informed consent: Not applicable. Authors’ contributions: All authors contributed to the study conception, design, application for approval, material preparation, data collection, analysis, and writing. 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Ahoniemi, E., Pohjolainen, T., Kautiainen, H. (2011). Survival after spinal cord injury in Finland. J Rehabil Med. 2011;43:481–5. Chamberlain, JD., Meier, S., Mader, L., von Groote, PM., Brinkhof, MWG. (2015). Mortality and longevity after a spinal cord injury: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology.2015;44:182–98. Middleton, JW., Dayton, A., Walsh, J., Rutkowski, SB., Leong, G., Duong, S., et al. (2012). Life expectancy after spinal cord injury: a 50-year study. Spinal Cord. 2012;50:803–11. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4578785","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":321460114,"identity":"05884d6b-0d7d-4aa5-9ee1-b51d9b951373","order_by":0,"name":"Hansel Gould Cocjin","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABEElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAzBZAMTsYDYbDwN7A0jcgoAWEMkM08JzACQiQbQWIJBIAJM4tZiznz384YNBrZzBYeaNHz7U8MmYSz6/uuFHgQQDf3t3AjYtlj15aZIzDI4bGxxmK5accYyNx3J2TtnNHqDDJM6c3YDVYQdyzJh5DI4lbjjMY8bM28DGY3A7J+0GD1CLgUQudi3n3xh//oOi5eaZtJt/8Gm5kWMgzWBQg6TlBvux23htufHGTLLH4ICxJMwvBmdy2G7LGEjw4PTL+RzjDz8q6uT4jjeDQuyYvcHx489uvvljI8ff3otVCxQchjGOATEPOIJ48CgHgToYowaI2R8QUD0KRsEoGAUjDAAA9GJhOM2HBjQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hansel","middleName":"Gould","lastName":"Cocjin","suffix":""},{"id":321460115,"identity":"446e1656-4c1d-4111-9410-80d4d512996b","order_by":1,"name":"Jan Melburgo Chiu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jan","middleName":"Melburgo","lastName":"Chiu","suffix":""},{"id":321460116,"identity":"e0bc65ff-25df-473c-9685-fd55642d0b94","order_by":2,"name":"Gladys Tan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gladys","middleName":"","lastName":"Tan","suffix":""},{"id":321460117,"identity":"f4881353-64a4-4abf-93c2-dedaca7f19b0","order_by":3,"name":"Ma. Ella Muriel Valdevieso","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ma.","middleName":"Ella Muriel","lastName":"Valdevieso","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-14 01:46:02","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4578785/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4578785/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":60353223,"identity":"9ca97f67-3dd0-4c6c-b275-03d1bf8c6613","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-15 23:40:06","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":35148,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMortality Rates of Spinal Disorders for the past 7 years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4578785/v1/27f8c490b703c3e3d591d4d1.png"},{"id":60353222,"identity":"3111925d-85ed-4b32-b94d-b1924017ddc6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-15 23:40:06","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":63430,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMortality Rates of Traumatic vs Non-traumatic Causes of Spine Disorders\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4578785/v1/40042b69ead9c8077976213b.png"},{"id":60355024,"identity":"6707578a-e821-4d80-970e-5c1900c02e42","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-15 23:56:08","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":777797,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4578785/v1/4936629a-1a03-4568-80c5-070e11c425fe.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Mortality Rate and Clinical Profiles of Patients with Spine Disorders Admitted in a Tertiary Government Hospital: A 7-year Epidemiology Study","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eSpinal disorders include a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of diseases that affect the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, facet joints, tendons, ligaments, muscles, spinal cord, and nerve roots of the spine that often lead to permanent changes in strength, sensation, and other body functions below the site of the injury. Cervical SCI caused the most severe mortality, morbidity, and disability. Improvement on effective measures to prevent and manage SCI remain significant in a growing population of SCI patients.\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e Traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCI) are increasingly recognized as a global health priority. Worldwide, TSCIs have a represent a burden for healthcare institutions due to the expensive and complex medical support required.\u003csup\u003e2,3,4\u003c/sup\u003e This condition is a leading cause of disability due to the loss of productivity.\u003csup\u003e5,6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe incidence of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar or sacral injuries, varies in published literature. In China, cervical lesions account for less than \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;5% of patients hospitalized with traumatic spinal cord injuries, while in Turkey this percentage rises to 92%.\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e This variability and underreporting in several countries may be partly explained by different causes, presence of adequate treatment, geographical and financial factors. Socio-economic disparities could play a role in the low rates of patients presenting with cervical injuries given their higher risk of death prior to reaching the hospital and being therefore identified as incident TSCI cases.\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e Data of epidemiologic information in TSCI are available for 41 countries of the world, which are mostly European and high-income countries. Research and efforts should be made to gather information in developing and low-income countries to plan appropriate cost-effective preventive strategies in fight against TSCI.\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e Epidemiological data on SCI in China are only available for a limited number of provinces and mostly outdated. Updated data on incidence with accurate geographical information and etiology across populations are needed for targeted implementation of preventive strategies.\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e The collection of population-based epidemiological data on traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) is encouraged worldwide, to assist with service development and prevention.\u003csup\u003e11\u003c/sup\u003e Incidence of NTSCI in Ireland is now 26.9 per million per year, more than double the incidence of TSCI. Degenerative and neoplastic conditions are the most common causes. Older females are more likely to be affected and incomplete paraplegia is the most common neurological outcome.\u003csup\u003e12\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe incidence of NTSCI has increased more rapidly than that of TSCI in recent years. The incidence rates of both TSCI and NTSCI are higher in older individuals, particularly those in their 70s and 80s. For TSCI, falls and traffic accidents are the most common causes, with falls being more prevalent in older adults. Cervical SCIs are the most common TSCI, especially in high-income countries like South Korea.\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003e Current published literatures and systematic reviews demonstrated limitations and it is difficult to acquire accurate epidemiological data for TSCI in Asia.\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e Despite a growing body of literature about spine disorders, we found several limitations of Asian epidemiology due to the scarcity of population based published data. This study aims to have a thorough understanding of the epidemiology of patients with spine disorders commonly seen and managed in a tertiary government hospital setting in the Philippines.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e This study utilized a descriptive retrospective cohort study design and was done in Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital (CLMMRH), a tertiary government hospital in Bacolod City, Negros Occidental. The study was approved by the institution\u0026rsquo;s PHREB Accredited Research Ethics Review Committee. The study included all 474 admitted patients with spine disorders treated by the Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology from January 1, 2016-December 31, 2022. The database of the hospital was utilized to screen patients, patient records were retrieved, and data collected according to the demographic profile, level of spinal disorders, management of patients, and mortality rate. Statistical analysis was done using the Excel and SPSS (v.26, IBM) applications. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistic (D) was used to calculate normality, The Chi-Square Test of Independence was used to test for association among observations and Shapiro-Wilk statistic (W) was used to calculate normality.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study results show the demographic profile of 474 patients with spinal disorders admitted in our institution for 7 years. The patients were primarily young adults and older adults at 31.4% and 36.3%, respectively. 36.3%). Males were more affected than females at 70.3% and 29.7%, respectively. Traumatic are more common than non-traumatic spinal disorders at 66.2%. Among non-traumatic disorders, the infectious type is the most common at 56.9%. All these epidemiological data for the past seven years are claimed to be representative of the population as inferential testing demonstrates no significant deviation from normality for all categories of data as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemographic Profile of Patients with Spinal Disorders and Test for Their Normality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient Characteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ef\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKS (D)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA. Age\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.155\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.338\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChildren (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2 CR3 CR4 CR5 CR6 CR7 CR8 CR9 CR10 CR11\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdolescence (13\u0026ndash;20 years old)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYoung Adult (21\u0026ndash;39 years old)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOlder adult (40\u0026ndash;59 years old)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e172\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeriatric (60 years old and above)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eB. Sex\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.212\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.489\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e333\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eC. Nature of Spine Disorders\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.174\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.730\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraumatic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e314\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-traumatic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.198\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.1) Tumor\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e31\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e19.4\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.2) Infectious\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e91\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e56.9\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.3) Degenerative\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e30\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e18.8\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.4) Deformity\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e8\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e5.0\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote.\u003c/em\u003e Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistic (D) was used to calculate normality; all p-values suggest no deviation from normality.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study demonstrated that the cervical spine is the most affected level for spinal disorders with traumatic etiology at 56.1%. On the other hand, the thoracic spine is the most affected by non-traumatic etiologies at 57.5%. Among non-traumatic categories, infectious causes have the majority number of cases followed by degenerative causes and tumors at 74.7%, 70.0%, and 25.8%, respectively. All these findings are statistically significant as the chi-square test for independence demonstrates a significant difference among observations as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncidence of Spinal Injury by Spinal Level According to Nature of Spine Disorder\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpinal Levels:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCervical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThoracic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLumbar\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSacral\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ef\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ef\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ef\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ef\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNature of Disorder\u003c/b\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.460\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraumatic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e176\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e314\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-traumatic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.370\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.1) Tumor\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e8\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e25.8\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e12\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e38.7\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e10\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e32.3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e3.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e31\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.2) Infectious\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e9\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e9.9\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e68\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e74.7\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e13\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e14.3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e91\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.3) Degenerative\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e4\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e13.3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e5\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e16.7\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e21\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e70.0\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.0\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e30\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.4) Deformity\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.0\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e7\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e87.5\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e12.5\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.0\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e8\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote. The\u003c/em\u003e Chi-Square Test of Independence was used to test for association among observations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgical management was done mostly on the traumatic spinal disorders at 55.1% while non-traumatic spinal disorders underwent conservative treatment at 55.1% and 72.5%, respectively. Clinically, a patient with a traumatic spinal disorder may more likely undergo surgical treatment while a patient with a non-traumatic spinal disorder may more likely undergo conservative treatment as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. This is supported by the chi-square statistic where testing shows significance in observations of epidemiological data. Descriptive claims with confidence that this study regarding the management of spinal disorders can be claimed with confidence towards the population by nature and their frequency of observations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement of Patients with Spine Disorders by Nature of Spinal Disorder\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement of Spinal Disorders:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConservative\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ef\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ef\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNature of Disorder\u003c/b\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.517\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraumatic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e173\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e314\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-traumatic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6854\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0826*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.1) Tumor\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e20\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e64.5\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e11\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e35.5\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e31\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.2) Infectious\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e70\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e76.9\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e21\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e23.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e91\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.3) Degenerative\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e22\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e73.3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e8\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e26.7\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e30\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.4) Deformity\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e37.5\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e5\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e62.5\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e8\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote.\u003c/em\u003e The Chi-Square Test of Independence was used to test for the association among observations; the asterisk (*) denotes no significant association among observations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere has been a steady decrease in mortality for spinal disorders for the past 7 years as shown in Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. Traumatic cases show a steady decrease in mortality rate, which may indicate an improvement in the hospital\u0026rsquo;s orthopaedic spine service, a spine specialist physician, and/or reduce psychosocial risks for deaths. There is no significant difference in the mortality rates when traumatic and non-traumatic causes were compared at p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.1667. In this study, both etiologies statistically have the same mortality rates as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. Hence, it cannot be inferentially concluded that non-traumatic cases have a higher mortality rate than traumatic cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMortality Rates of Patients with Spinal Disorders in 7 Years and per year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en of Mortality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMortality Rate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAs a Whole\u003c/b\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9035\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3373\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTotal as a Whole\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e98\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e474\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e20.7%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraumatic\u003c/b\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8897\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2503\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTraumatic as a Whole\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e63\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e314\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e20.1%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNon-traumatic\u003c/b\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9182\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4575\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.33%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.9%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-traumatic as a Whole\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.9%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote.\u003c/em\u003e Shapiro-Wilk statistic (W) was used to calculate normality; all p-values suggest no deviation from normality.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong non-traumatic etiologies, mortality rates have a normal distribution for tumors and infections at 29.0% and 20.9%, respectively. Mortality rates for degenerative and deformity etiologies are unlikely to represent the population as their observations of frequencies show significant deviation from normality. The lack of sample size is attributed to the design of the study that only includes admitted patients. Other patients with deformity and degenerative etiologies are out-patients. Mortality rates for non-traumatic etiologies are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMortality Rates of Spinal Disorders by Non-traumatic Nature\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-traumatic Etiologies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en of Mortality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN (2022\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2016)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMortality Rate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.1) Tumor\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8711\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1664\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.2) Infectious\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8804\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2044\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.3) Degenerative\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.045*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ec.4) Deformity\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4186\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes.\u003c/em\u003e Shapiro-Wilk statistic (W) was used to calculate normality; all p-values suggest no deviation from normality; the asterisk (*) denotes significant deviation from normality. Data were reported in summary due to a lack of sample size.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eSpinal cord injury includes sensory deficits and paralysis, making it a major medical issue that puts a considerable burden on the healthcare system. Knowledge of the epidemiologic profile of the spine disorder is important both because of its high personal, bio-psychological impact and high socio-economic burden.\u003csup\u003e15,16\u003c/sup\u003e This study agrees with the World Health Organization\u0026rsquo;s epidemiological profile of spinal cord injuries where males and adults are mostly affected. Young adults may engage in more high-risk activities, such as sports or extreme sports, which can increase their risk of fractures.\u003csup\u003e17,18\u003c/sup\u003e On the other hand, old adults are more prone to fractures because their bones become weaker and more brittle as they age.\u003csup\u003e19,20\u003c/sup\u003e This is due to a decrease in bone density, which can be caused by a variety of factors, including hormonal changes, poor nutrition, and lack of exercise. Additionally, old adults may be more prone to falls due to balance issues or medical conditions, such as osteoporosis or arthritis. The findings support the multicenter study done in our locality wherein cervical SCI patients were mostly male, older adult and majority were caused by trauma.\u003csup\u003e21\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe cervical spine is the most affected level for spinal disorders with traumatic etiology while the thoracic spine is the most affected by non-traumatic etiologies such as infectious and degenerative causes. This supports the previous findings because of the proximity of the thoracic spine to the lungs. When tuberculosis infects the lungs, it can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream. The proximity of the thoracic spine to the lungs makes it more susceptible to infection. In addition, the thoracic spine is surrounded by a network of blood vessels that can transport the bacterium throughout the body.\u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraumatic spinal disorders are a serious medical condition that can cause significant pain and discomfort for patients. While there are a variety of treatment options available, surgical methods are often the most effective way to address these disorders. Surgical methods offer a more direct and targeted approach to treating spinal disorders. Unlike other treatment options, such as medication or physical therapy, surgery can directly address the underlying issue causing the disorder. This can lead to faster and more effective relief of symptoms, as well as a reduced risk of long-term complications. Additionally, surgical methods are often necessary for more severe cases of traumatic spinal disorders. In some cases, non-surgical treatments may not be enough to fully address the issue, and surgery may be the only viable option. While surgery can be a more invasive and risky procedure, it can also provide a more comprehensive solution to the problem.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompared with traumatic spinal cord injury, there are relatively few publications on non-traumatic spinal cord injury. It is anticipated that with the aging of the global population in coming decades the incidence of NTSCI will increase substantially.\u003csup\u003e23\u003c/sup\u003e The categories under non-traumatic etiologies cannot claim significance in observations. This study can only descriptively claim that most tumors, infections, and degenerative disorders of the spine undergo conservative treatment, while deformities undergo surgical treatment most likely for correction purposes. Essentially, this data set may still be used as a baseline for future epidemiological studies. The high incidence of NTSCI in older adults in other high-income countries have reported results that are consistent with our findings. In Norway and Scotland, NTSCI were found in older adults aged 60\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;74 years and 66\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;75 years, respectively.\u003csup\u003e24,25,26\u003c/sup\u003e A prospective population-based study in Ireland found the highest NTSCI in patients aged 76 years and older.\u003csup\u003e27\u003c/sup\u003e A study from the Canadian province of Manitoba found higher NTSCI in older adults aged 61 to 70 years.\u003csup\u003e28\u003c/sup\u003e Similarly, a multicenter study in Finland reported that the incidence of NTSCI was the highest in older adults aged 60 to 74 years.\u003csup\u003e29\u003c/sup\u003e Another population based study from Victoria, Australia documented that the age-specific incidence of NTSCI in older adults over 75 years of age was 14 times higher than that in younger patients.\u003csup\u003e30\u003c/sup\u003e Non-traumatic spinal disorders refer to conditions that affect the spine without any external force or injury. These disorders can cause pain, discomfort, and limited mobility. While surgery may be necessary in some cases, conservative methods are often the preferred treatment option. Conservative methods are non-invasive and do not require any incisions or anesthesia. This makes them a safer option for patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMany injuries can result in SCI, among which falls, and road injuries were the leading causes in most regions causing enormous burden to both patients\u0026rsquo; family and the society. Overall, the incidence and prevalence of SCI vary from nation to nation, and most surveys were conducted in developed regions.\u003csup\u003e31,32,33\u003c/sup\u003e However, in the last 7 years, there has been a significant reduction in the number of deaths caused by spinal diseases. This reduction can be attributed to several factors, including improved medical technology, increased awareness, and better treatment options. This has led to a decrease in the number of deaths caused by these diseases. Regardless of the setting and anatomical level of the spinal cord injury, patients with TSCI are at increased risk of premature death.\u003csup\u003e34\u003c/sup\u003e There are wide geographical variations in the reported incidence, prevalence, as well as mortality related to TSCIs. The variability of estimates across countries can be partly explained by differences in terms of mechanism of injury, demographic characteristics of patients, as well as cultural and life-style differences.\u003csup\u003e35\u003c/sup\u003e The mortality rates in the first year since the event are still generally elevated, and significantly higher than those observed at greater distance from the accident.\u003csup\u003e36\u003c/sup\u003e High cervical lesions (C1\u0026ndash;C4) were associated with the highest mortality rates at all time-points, and especially one month after the lesion, as confirmed by previous studies.\u003csup\u003e37,38\u003c/sup\u003e Factors contributing to the reduction in deaths from spinal diseases is increased awareness. This includes maintaining a healthy lifestyle, exercising regularly, and seeking medical attention at the first sign of symptoms. Additionally, there has been an increase in public education campaigns aimed at raising awareness about spinal diseases and their prevention. Lastly, there have been significant improvements in treatment options for spinal diseases. New medications and therapies have been developed that can effectively manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe cervical spine is the most affected level for spinal disorders with traumatic etiology while the thoracic spine is the most affected by non-traumatic etiologies. Among non-traumatic categories, tumors make up the largest group of cervical cases; infections make up most thoracic cases and degenerative causes. This study concludes that spinal disorders, just like any health disorder, have significant determinants that can be used to the advantage of clinical decision-making among physicians handling spinal cases. Reducing mortality rates indicates improvement in the locality and used to advocate for public health measures regarding spinal disorders. Improvements in trauma care, prompt diagnosis, strengthening of health and spine rehabilitation services, and support services remains critical in comprehensive spine care.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of Interest:\u003c/strong\u003e The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u003c/strong\u003e There is no funding source.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and material (data transparency):\u003c/strong\u003e Not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for Publication:\u003c/strong\u003e Not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInformed consent:\u003c/strong\u003e Not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors’ contributions:\u003c/strong\u003e All authors contributed to the study conception, design, application for approval, material preparation, data collection, analysis, and writing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements:\u003c/strong\u003e Not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDing, Weizhong, MD., Hu, Shian, MD., Wang, Pengju, MM., Kang, Honglei, MD., Peng, Renpeng, MD., Dong, Yimin, MD., Li, Feng, MD. (2022). Spinal Cord Injury: The Global Incidence, Prevalence, and Disability from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Spine 47(21): p 1532-1540, November 1, 2022. | DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000004417.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJames, SL., Theadom, A., Ellenbogen, RG., Bannick, MS., Montjoy-Venning, W., Lucchesi LR, et al. (2019). Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990\u0026ndash;2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18:56\u0026ndash;87.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBadhiwala, JH., Wilson, JR., Fehlings, MG. (2019). Global burden of traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18:24\u0026ndash;5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003evan der Vlegel, M., Haagsma, JA., Havermans, RJM., de Munter, L., de Jongh, MAC., Polinder, S, et al. (2021). Long-term medical and productivity costs of severe trauma: Results from a prospective cohort study. Simmen H-P, editor. PLoS ONE. 2021;16: e0252673.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Burden of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in the United States: Disability-Adjusted Life Years - ScienceDirect [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 9]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000399931831298X?via%3Dihub.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiddleton, JW., Dayton, A., Walsh, J., Rutkowski, SB., Leong, G., Duong, S., et al. (2012). Life expectancy after spinal cord injury: a 50-year study. Spinal Cord. 2012;50:803\u0026ndash;11.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFehlings, M., Singh, A., Tetreault, L., Kalsi-Ryan, S., Nouri, A. (2014). Global prevalence and incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. CLEP. 2014;309.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChamberlain, JD., Meier, S., Mader, L., von Groote, PM., Brinkhof, MWG. (2015). Mortality and longevity after a spinal cord injury: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology.2015;44:182\u0026ndash;98.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJazayeri, SB., Beygi, S., Shokraneh, F., Hagen, EM., Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (2015). Incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury worldwide: a systematic review. Eur Spine J. 2015;24:905\u0026ndash;18.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen, C., Qiao, X., Liu, W. et al. (2022). Epidemiology of spinal cord injury in China: A systematic review of the chinese and english literature. Spinal Cord 60, 1050\u0026ndash;1061 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-022-00826-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNew, PW., Cripps, RA., Lee, BB. (2014). Global maps of non-traumatic spinal cord injury epidemiology: towards a living data repository. 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(2019). \u0026ldquo;Epidemiology of Spinal Cord Injuries and their Outcomes: A Retrospective Study at the King Khalid Hospital.\u0026rdquo; Cureus vol. 11,12 e6511. 30 Dec. 2019, doi:10.7759/cureus.6511.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingh, Anoushka., et al. (2014). \u0026ldquo;Global prevalence and incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury.\u0026rdquo; Clinical epidemiology vol. 6 309-31. 23 Sep. 2014, doi:10.2147/CLEP.S68889.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpinal Cord Injury. (2023). World Health Organization. 19 Nov 2013, https://www.who.int/news room/fact-sheets/detail/spinal-cord-injury.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCai, Weicong., et al. (2018). \u0026ldquo;Physical Activity-Related Injury and Its Associated Factors among Middle School Students in Southern China.\u0026rdquo; International journal of environmental research and public health vol. 15,6 1244. 12 Jun. 2018, doi:10.3390/ijerph15061244.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eS\u0026ouml;zen, T\u0026uuml;may., et al. (2017). \u0026ldquo;An overview and management of osteoporosis.\u0026rdquo; European journal of rheumatology vol. 4,1 (2017): 46-56. doi:10.5152/eurjrheum.2016.048.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYang, YJ. (2019). An Overview of Current Physical Activity Recommendations in Primary Care. Korean J Fam Med. 2019 May;40(3):135-142. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.19.0038. Epub 2019 May 20. PMID: 31122003; PMCID: PMC6536904.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgrahari, Yogendra., et al. (2020). \u0026ldquo;Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A 5-Year Tertiary Multicenter Retrospective Study.\u0026rdquo; International Journal of Orthopaedics, 2020, www.ghrnet.org/index.php/ijo/article/view/2761/3168.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKotil, Kadir., et al. (2007). \u0026ldquo;Medical management of Pott disease in the thoracic and lumbar spine: a prospective clinical study.\u0026rdquo; Journal of neurosurgery. Spine vol. 6,3 (2007): 222-8. doi:10.3171/spi.2007.6.3.222.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFeng, HY., Ning, GZ., Feng, SQ., Yu, TQ., Zhou, HX. (2011). Epidemiological profile of 239 traumatic spinal cord injury cases over a period of 12 years in Tianjin, China. J Spinal Cord Med. 2011;34(4):388-94. doi: 10.1179/2045772311Y.0000000017. PMID: 21903012; PMCID: PMC3152810.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHalvorsen, A., Pettersen, AL., Nilsen, SM., Halle, KK., Schaanning, EE., Rekand, T. (2019). Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in Norway in 2012-2016: a registry-based cross-sectional study. Spinal Cord 57:331-338, 2019.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHalvorsen, A., Pettersen, AL., Nilsen, SM., Halle, KK., Schaanning, EE., Rekand, T. (2019). Non-traumatic spinal cord injury in Norway 2012-2016: analysis from a national registry and comparison with traumatic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 57:324-330, 2019.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMcCaughey, EJ., Purcell, M., McLean, AN., Fraser, MH., Bewick, A., Borotkanics, RJ., et al. (2016). Changing demographics of spinal cord injury over a 20-year period: a longitudinal population-based study in Scotland. Spinal Cord 54:270-276, 2016.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSmith, \u0026Eacute;., Fitzpatrick, P., Lyons, F., Morris, S., Synnott, K. (2022). Epidemiology of non-traumatic spinal cord injury in Ireland - a prospective population-based study. J Spinal Cord Med 45:76-81, 2022.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMcCammon, JR., Ethans, K. (2011). Spinal cord injury in Manitoba: a provincial epidemiological study. J Spinal Cord Med 34:6-10, 2011.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNiemi-Nikkola, V., Koskinen, E., V\u0026auml;\u0026auml;r\u0026auml;l\u0026auml;, E., Kauppila, AM., Kallinen, M., Vainionp\u0026auml;\u0026auml;, A. (2021). Incidence of acquired nontraumatic spinal cord injury in Finland: a 4-year prospective multicenter study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 102:44-49, 2021.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNew, PW., Sundararajan, V. (2008). Incidence of non-traumatic spinal cord injury in Victoria, Australia: a population-based study and literature review. Spinal Cord 46:406-411, 2008.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHamid, R., Averbeck, MA., Chiang, H, et al. (2018). Epidemiology and pathophysiology of neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury. World J Urol. 2018;36:1517\u0026ndash;1527.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJames, SL., Theadom, A., Ellenbogen, RG., et al. (2019). Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990\u0026ndash;2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet Neurology. 2019;18:56\u0026ndash;87.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSekhon, LH., Fehlings, MG. (2001). Epidemiology, demographics, and pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001;26:S2\u0026ndash;S12.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHagen, EM., Rekand, T., Gilhus, NE., Gr\u0026oslash;nning, M. (2012). Traumatic spinal cord injuries-incidence, mechanisms, and course. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012;132:831\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHagen, EM., Lie, SA., Rekand, T., Gilhus, NE., Gronning, M. (2010). Mortality after traumatic spinal cord injury: 50 years of follow-up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010;81:368\u0026ndash;73. Apr 1.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAhoniemi, E., Pohjolainen, T., Kautiainen, H. (2011). Survival after spinal cord injury in Finland. J Rehabil Med. 2011;43:481\u0026ndash;5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChamberlain, JD., Meier, S., Mader, L., von Groote, PM., Brinkhof, MWG. (2015). Mortality and longevity after a spinal cord injury: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology.2015;44:182\u0026ndash;98.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiddleton, JW., Dayton, A., Walsh, J., Rutkowski, SB., Leong, G., Duong, S., et al. (2012). Life expectancy after spinal cord injury: a 50-year study. Spinal Cord. 2012;50:803\u0026ndash;11.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Spinal Cord Injury, Traumatic Spine Injury, Non-Traumatic Spine Injury","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4578785/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4578785/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study aims to have a thorough understanding of the epidemiology of patients with spine disorders in our region. Specifically, to determine the demographic profiles, level of spinal disorders, type of management, and mortality rate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study utilized a descriptive retrospective cohort study design. The hospital database was utilized and included all patients with spine disorders from January 1, 2016-December 31, 2022. Patient records were reviewed, and data collected according to the objectives of the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe demographic profile of 474 patients were primarily young and older adults at 31.4% and 36.3%, respectively. Majority were males at 70.3%. Traumatic spinal disorders are more common at 66.2%. The infectious type is the most common among non-traumatic disorders at 56.9%. The cervical spine is the most affected level with traumatic etiology at 56.1%. The thoracic spine is the most affected by non-traumatic etiologies at 57.5%. Among non-traumatic categories, infectious causes have the majority number of cases followed by degenerative causes and tumors at 74.7%, 70.0%, and 25.8%, respectively. Surgical management was done mostly on the traumatic spinal disorders while non-traumatic spinal disorders underwent conservative treatment at 55.1% and 72.5%, respectively. There has been a steady decrease in mortality for spinal disorders for the past 7 years. Among non-traumatic etiologies, mortality rates have a normal distribution for tumors and infections at 29.0% and 20.9%, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTraumatic cases show a steady decrease in mortality rate, which may indicate an improvement in the hospital’s orthopaedic spine service.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLevel of Evidence:\u003c/strong\u003eIII\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Mortality Rate and Clinical Profiles of Patients with Spine Disorders Admitted in a Tertiary Government Hospital: A 7-year Epidemiology Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-07-15 23:40:01","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4578785/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c1d86510-04ce-4481-ab7f-659b95428be3","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 15th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-07-19T08:59:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-07-15 23:40:01","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4578785","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4578785","identity":"rs-4578785","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}