Quantum Radar Swarm Defense with Real-Time Interceptor Engagement on Real Quantum Hardware

Quantum Radar Swarm Defense with Real-Time Interceptor Engagement on Real Quantum Hardware | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Quantum Radar Swarm Defense with Real-Time Interceptor Engagement on Real Quantum Hardware Dr. Zuhair Ahmed This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8006572/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Quantum radar, leveraging entanglement and quantum illumination, offers a revolutionary approach to detecting stealth-coated hypersonic threats in high-clutter environments. This study presents the first successful simulation of a full quantum radar swarm defense system with real-time interceptor engagement on real quantum hardware , conducted at the Centre of Excellence for Technology, Quantum, and AI Pakistan (CETQAP) . Using a three-qubit quantum circuit executed on IBM’s superconducting qubits via Qiskit Runtime Services , we encoded the effect’s key features: quantum superposition , Bogo Liubov-like mode transformations , and thermodynamic detection signatures . Results demonstrate lock-on at 83.2 km average , interceptor launch , and mid-air destruction of all three targets at ~40 km altitude, with metrics such as purity (0.52) , entropy (0.98) , entanglement entropy (1.0) , fidelity (0.48) , and expectation value (Z = 0.02) aligning with theoretical predictions. Visualizations, including state vector plots , Q-sphere representations , circuit diagrams , and a full intercept animation , confirm the simulation’s success. This work advances quantum defense systems and establishes Pakistan as a leader in quantum computing applications . quantum radar quantum computing missile defense interceptor quantum illumination real-time simulation IBM Quantum quantum entanglement swarm defense Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files quantumradardefense.mp4 Quantum Redar Defense Real-Time Display Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8006572","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":538488835,"identity":"050caaff-d785-4527-82a2-857bc49ea146","order_by":0,"name":"Dr. Zuhair Ahmed","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6643-2857","institution":"Centre of Excellence for Technology Quantum and AI Canada","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"Dr.","firstName":"Zuhair","middleName":"","lastName":"Ahmed","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-11-01 15:21:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8006572/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8006572/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":95109787,"identity":"59fedbcc-2322-4081-b4d1-3ac09cd25df2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 11:39:27","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":371837,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"QuantumRadarSwarmDefensewithRealTimeInterceptorEngagementonRealQuantumHardware.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8006572/v1_covered_4008bc8a-ba26-4feb-9765-0cafaec0751e.pdf"},{"id":95109786,"identity":"a93fd40b-a3c6-4790-9afc-095e4cf10488","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-04 11:39:22","extension":"mp4","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":119235,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eQuantum Redar Defense Real-Time Display\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"quantumradardefense.mp4","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8006572/v1/4d310ecf68d5513ad89a714a.mp4"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuantum Radar Swarm Defense with Real-Time Interceptor Engagement on Real Quantum Hardware\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"The Centre of Excellence for Technology Quantum and AI Canada","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"quantum radar, quantum computing, missile defense, interceptor, quantum illumination, real-time simulation, IBM Quantum, quantum entanglement, swarm defense","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8006572/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8006572/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eQuantum radar, leveraging entanglement and quantum illumination, offers a revolutionary approach to detecting stealth-coated hypersonic threats in high-clutter environments. This study presents the \u003cstrong\u003efirst successful simulation of a full quantum radar swarm defense system with real-time interceptor engagement on real quantum hardware\u003c/strong\u003e, conducted at the \u003cstrong\u003eCentre of Excellence for Technology, Quantum, and AI Pakistan (CETQAP)\u003c/strong\u003e. Using a \u003cstrong\u003ethree-qubit quantum circuit\u003c/strong\u003e executed on \u003cstrong\u003eIBM’s superconducting qubits via Qiskit Runtime Services\u003c/strong\u003e, we encoded the effect’s key features: \u003cstrong\u003equantum superposition\u003c/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eBogo Liubov-like mode transformations\u003c/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003ethermodynamic detection signatures\u003c/strong\u003e. Results demonstrate \u003cstrong\u003elock-on at 83.2 km average\u003c/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003einterceptor launch\u003c/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003emid-air destruction\u003c/strong\u003e of all three targets at ~40 km altitude, with metrics such as \u003cstrong\u003epurity (0.52)\u003c/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eentropy (0.98)\u003c/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eentanglement entropy (1.0)\u003c/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003efidelity (0.48)\u003c/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eexpectation value (Z = 0.02)\u003c/strong\u003ealigning with theoretical predictions. Visualizations, including \u003cstrong\u003estate vector plots\u003c/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eQ-sphere representations\u003c/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003ecircuit diagrams\u003c/strong\u003e, and a \u003cstrong\u003efull intercept animation\u003c/strong\u003e, confirm the simulation’s success. This work advances \u003cstrong\u003equantum defense systems\u003c/strong\u003e and establishes \u003cstrong\u003ePakistan as a leader in quantum computing applications\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Quantum Radar Swarm Defense with Real-Time Interceptor Engagement on Real Quantum Hardware","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-04 11:39:17","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8006572/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"995305f9-7f66-4f82-aa9a-69ec06a713c8","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 4th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-04T11:39:17+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-04 11:39:17","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8006572","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8006572","identity":"rs-8006572","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}