Seventy-three years (1951–2024) looking for trigeminal neuralgia therapy and peripheral nerve stimulation as a niche theme

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It can significantly impact the quality of a person's life and lead to daily withdrawal and emotional instability. Despite extensive research, there is still a need for comprehensive bibliometric studies to understand the literature on TN. This study is particularly important as there are no existing bibliometric studies on TN on Scopus, providing new opportunities for research and innovation in TN treatment. Methods In this work, a literature review methodology is employed to gather data from the Scopus database using the keywords “trigeminal neuralgia”, current and therapy. Data were analyzed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software to produce visualizations and bibliometric maps. We conducted quantitative and qualitative analysis Results The research trend found are documents by year, most global cited document, most relevant sources, factorial map of the documents with the highest contributes, documents by author, documents by country or territory, documents by affiliation, documents by subject area, network visualization, overlay visualization of scopus database using vosviewer, density visualization, thematic map, thematic evolution, cluster analysis, and qualitative analysis. Conclusions The study focuses on trigeminal neuralgia, a topic of research and a recent topic involving periferal nerve stimulation and the use of karbamazepin, a new topic in the field of therapy. 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F1000Research 2024, 13 :660 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.152890.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Systematic Review Seventy-three years (1951–2024) looking for trigeminal neuralgia therapy and peripheral nerve stimulation as a niche theme [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review] ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-3585 1 , Riezky Valentina 1 , Dwi Arwandi Yogi Saputra 2 ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-3585 1 , Riezky Valentina 1 , Dwi Arwandi Yogi Saputra 2 PUBLISHED 19 Jun 2024 Author details Author details 1 Neurology, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia 2 Public Health Sciences, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Riezky Valentina Roles: Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Dwi Arwandi Yogi Saputra Roles: Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW REVIEWER STATUS AWAITING PEER REVIEW Abstract Introduction Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe condition that causes severe pain and emotional distress in the brain. It can significantly impact the quality of a person's life and lead to daily withdrawal and emotional instability. Despite extensive research, there is still a need for comprehensive bibliometric studies to understand the literature on TN. This study is particularly important as there are no existing bibliometric studies on TN on Scopus, providing new opportunities for research and innovation in TN treatment. Methods In this work, a literature review methodology is employed to gather data from the Scopus database using the keywords “trigeminal neuralgia”, current and therapy. Data were analyzed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software to produce visualizations and bibliometric maps. We conducted quantitative and qualitative analysis Results The research trend found are documents by year, most global cited document, most relevant sources, factorial map of the documents with the highest contributes, documents by author, documents by country or territory, documents by affiliation, documents by subject area, network visualization, overlay visualization of scopus database using vosviewer, density visualization, thematic map, thematic evolution, cluster analysis, and qualitative analysis. Conclusions The study focuses on trigeminal neuralgia, a topic of research and a recent topic involving periferal nerve stimulation and the use of karbamazepin, a new topic in the field of therapy. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Neuralgia, trigeminal, current, therapy, bibliometric, nerve, stimulation Corresponding Author(s) ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2024 SALEH AY et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: SALEH AY, Valentina R and Saputra DAY. Seventy-three years (1951–2024) looking for trigeminal neuralgia therapy and peripheral nerve stimulation as a niche theme [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :660 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.152890.1 ) First published: 19 Jun 2024, 13 :660 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.152890.1 ) Latest published: 19 Jun 2024, 13 :660 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.152890.1 ) Introduction Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a nerve disorder that causes sharp pain that resembles an electric shock in the face. This condition can greatly affect the patient's quality of life, making daily tasks difficult to perform and often leading to a decline in emotional well-being. Patients with TN often feel isolated and hopeless due to the unpredictable intensity and frequency of attacks. 1 – 4 Over the past seventy-three years, efforts have been made to find effective therapies for this condition. Research has involved a wide range of scientific disciplines and techniques, from pharmacology to neurosurgery, with the aim of reducing pain and improving patients quality of life. However, despite the research that has been done, there is still a need for comprehensive bibliometric studies that include all available literature. 5 – 8 Bibliometric studies are a research method that uses statistical techniques to analyze and understand trends in scientific literature. By conducting this study, we can understand how research on NPs has developed over the past seventy-three years. It can also help us identify research areas that have not been explored and that may require further research. This study is important because TN is a very painful condition that can affect patients quality of life. Additionally, although various therapies have been proposed, there is still no consensus on the best approach. By conducting bibliometric studies, we can understand current research trends and identify areas that require further research. 9 – 11 This study is also unique because, so far, no bibliometric studies on TN therapy have been indexed in Scopus. Therefore, this study will provide new and important insights into NP-related research. By understanding current research trends, we can help encourage further research and innovation in TN treatment. Methods Bibliometric research is a research method that uses scientific publication data to describe and analyze the development of a field of science. This research aims to identify and map trends, patterns, and relationships between scientific documents related to certain topics. In this research, the topic chosen was “trigeminal neuralgia”, current and therapy. This research uses data from the website www.scopus.com , which is one of the largest and most trusted databases for scientific publications. This research was conducted on April 2024. To carry out bibliometric research, the steps to follow are as follows: 1. Determine search keywords. In this research, the keywords used are “trigeminal neuralgia”, current and therapy. These keywords are entered into the search column on the www.scopus.com site by selecting the topic field (title, abstract, keywords). 2. Filter search results. In this study, Were not filtered. 3. Download search results data. In this research, search result data is downloaded in three different formats, namely: • CSV (comma-separated value), which contains basic information about the document, such as title, author, affiliation, year, source, abstract, and keywords. • RIS (research information system), which contains detailed information about a document, including the references cited by the document. Data for this study were collected by one reviewer. Reviewers work independently in collecting data from each report. To ensure data accuracy and clutter. In addition, we use automated tools, namely the *VosViewer* and *Biblioshiny* applications, to assist in the data collection and analysis process. Data collection We used the following terms to do a search on the Scopus website, taking into consideration that this website contains research that is considered to be valid: TITLE – ABS – KEY (“trigeminal neuralgia”) AND TITLE – ABS – KEY (current) AND TITLE – ABS – KEY (therapy) are the titles of the products that are under consideration. One hundred and eighty nine documents were received by us. We then save the document from Scopus in the form of a file with the extension.csv file following this step. Data analysis Both the Biblioshiny and Vosviewer software packages were utilised in the analysis process. Quantitative analysis Documents by year Based on Figure 1 , it appears that there has been an increase in the number of documents, until in 2021 there were 15 documents. The oldest document in 1951 was entitled Selective low frequency currents in 1951 0 therapy of trigeminus neuralgia.|Die Behandlung der Trigeminusneuralgie mit selektiven niederirequenten Stromformen., written by Henssge, E., Meanwhile, the latest document in 2024 is entitled Trigeminal Postherpetic Neuralgia: From Pathophysiology to Treatment, written by Niemeyer, C.S., Harlander-Locke, M., Bubak, A.N., Rzasa-Lynn, R. Birlea, M., selanjutnya artikel berjudul SUNCT, SUNA and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks: Debates and an update, written by Kang, M.-K., Cho, S.-J., artikel selanjutnya berjudul Trigeminal Neuralgia as a Primary Demyelinating Disease: Potential Multimodal Evidence and Remaining Controversies, ditulis oleh Mousavi, S.H., Lindsey, J.W., Westlund, K.N., and Alles, S.R.A., and the next article is entitled An extract of phase II and III trials on recent developments in managing neuropathic pain syndromes: diabetic peripheral neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia, and postherpetic neuralgia, yang ditulis oleh Upshaw, W.C., et al. Figure 1. Documents by year. Most global cited document Based on Figure 2 . The document that received the most citations, with 269 citations, was the document written by Antal A., in 2010 with the title Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Motor Cortex Ameliorates Chronic Pain and Reduces Short Intracortical Inhibition. Which was published in Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. In the next position, with 194 citations, is the journal written by Skirving D.J., and Dan N.G., in 2001 was published in Journal of Neurosurgery entitled A 20-year review of percutaneous balloon compression of the trigeminal ganglion. In third place with 156 citations are written documents by Levy R., Deer T.R., and Henderson J., in 2010 was published in the Journal Pain Physician entitled Intracranial neurostimulation for pain control: A review. Figure 2. Most global cited documents. Most relevant sources Based on Figure 3 . Here are the journals that publish the most important documents. Journal of Neurosurgery is a journal that has been indexed by Scopus since 1945. This journal is published by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Although the exact location of the center is not mentioned in the search results, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons is based in the United States. The SJR (SCImago Journal Rank) value for 2022 is 1,138. The impact factor for Journal of Neurosurgery in 2022 is 4.1. The journal accepts a wide range of articles, including clinical and laboratory studies, technical notes about instruments or equipment that are innovative or useful to clinicians and researchers in the field of neuroscience, as well as reviews, papers about historical figures or events related to neurosurgery, and letters to the editor. Figure 3. Most relevant sources. Next is the journal Current Pain and Headache Reports, a journal that has been indexed by Scopus since 2001. This journal is published by Current Science, Inc. Although the exact location of the center is not mentioned in the search results, Current Science, Inc. based in the United States. The SJR (SCImago Journal Rank) value for 2022 is 0.796. The impact factor for “Current Pain and Headache Reports” in 2022 is 3.86. The journal accepts a wide range of articles, including in-depth reviews contributed by international experts on the most important developments in the field. The journal that published the next most important document was the Pain Physician journal. This journal was indexed by Scopus starting in 1999. This journal is published by the Association of Pain Management Anesthesiologists. The center of this journal is located at 81 Lakeview Drive, Paducah, KY, United States. Pain Physician's SJR (SCImago Journal Rank) value in 2022 is 0.824. The Impact Factor of this journal is 4.396. This journal accepts various types of writing, including but not limited to: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trial, Retrospective Analysis, Observational Study, and Prospective Study. Factorial map of the documents with the highest contributes In Figure 4 , Based on factorial analysis, the most contributing document is a document entitled Gamma Knife Radiosurgery on the Trigeminal Root Entry Zone for Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia with Authors: So Hee Park, Jin Woo Chang Published in Yonsei Medical Journal February 2020. Figure 4. Factorial map of the documents with the highest contributes. The summary of the article is that Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a chronic disorder of the trigeminal nerve which is characterized by a sensation like repeated electric shocks on one side of the face. It can cause severe pain in the face and disrupt or impair the patient's quality of life. Options for managing TN consist of pharmacological treatment and surgical treatment, including Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS). GKRS has been used for TN for a long time because of its low complication rate and high success rate. Documents by author Based on Figure 5 . the most authors with 4 documents are Obermann, M., with the title of the article: Update on the challenges of treating trigeminal neuralgia., Botolinum toxin for headache|Botulinumtoxin bei Kopfschmerzen., Treatment options in trigeminal neuralgia., and Update on trigeminal neuralgia. Figure 5. Documents by author. The next most author with 4 documents is Slavin, K.V., with the title of the article: Gasserian Ganglion Stimulation for Facial Pain., Motor Cortex Stimulation for Deafferentation Pain., Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Facial Pain, and Microsurgical Pontine Descending Tractotomy in Cases of Intractable Trigeminal Neuralgia. The next most author with 3 documents is Benoliel, R., with the title of the article: Persistent idiopathic facial pain., Painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy: An open study on the pharmacotherapeutic response to stepped treatment., and Management of neuropathic orofacial pain. Documents by country or territory Based on Figure 6 . United States is the country with the largest number of document producers 69 documents. Followed by China with 18 documents, Germany with 17 documents, and United Kingdom with 14 documents. Figure 6. Documents by country or territory. Documents by affiliation Based on Figure 7 . For Affiliates that produced the most documents, Harvard Medical School produced 6 documents. Followed by Universität Duisburg-Essen which produced 4 documents. Furthermore, Sapienza Università di Roma with 3 documents and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine produced 3 documents. Figure 7. Documents by affiliation. Documents by subject area Based on Figure 8 , most of the documents were produced in the medicine field, 64.7 percent, and 11.1 percent in the neuroscience field. It appears that more research is being conducted in an effort to find ways to improve the management of trigeminal neuralgia. Figure 8. Documents by subject area. Network visualization Based on Figure 9 , it can be seen that the areas studied are still not related to other areas that are divided into edges. That field is: decompression surgery, postoperative complication, nerve surgery, pathogenesis, microsurgery, short survey, surgery, conservative treatment, electrocoagulation, english abstract, rash, tocainide, tizanidine, constipation, gastrointestinal symptom, nerve decompression, confusion, fatigue, diabetic, neuropathy, drug safety, analgesic, backache, epilepsy, allodyna, nociception, pain threshold, hyperalgesia, metabolism, and physiology. Figure 9. Network visualization. Overlay visualization of scopus, database using vosviewer Based on Figure 10 . In the overlay visualization, it appears that the keywords that are being researched a lot approaching 2014 are the parts colored yellow, namely: stereotactic radiosurgery, follow up, microvascula decompression, steroid, rash, oxcarbazepine, pregabalin, multiple sclerosis, humans, quality of life, pathology, analgesia, prospective study, pain management, botulinum toxin, cluster headache, controlled study, depression, clinical effectiveness, animals, nonhuman, animal model, hyperalgesia, allodynia, meta analysis, neuropathic pain, cluster headache, and duloxetine. Figure 10. Overlay visualization of scopus, database using vosviewer. Density visualization Based on Figure 11 . In the visual circulation density, it appears that the part that is already saturated with research is yellow, while the part that is not yet saturated is slightly yellow and dominantly green, namely keywords.: diagnosis, differential, short survey, postoperative complication, microsurgery, stereoactic radiosurgery, decompression surgery, nerve surgery, pathogenesis, retrospective study, retrospective studies, surgery, electrocoagulation, middle age, peripheral nervous system, english abstract, major clinical study, trigeminal ganglion, conservative treatment, surgical technique, radiofrequency, differential diagnosis, phenytoin, primozide, clonazepam, nerve decompression, rash, ataxia, tocainide, tizanidine, add on therapy, constipation, muscle relaxant agent, gastrointestinal symptom, drowsiness, nausea, confusion, fatigue, side effect, muscle relaxant agent, diabetic neuropathy, drug safety, analgesic, barkache, physiology, acupuntute, physiotherapy, cluster headache, multiple sclerosis, facial pain, steroid, botulinum toxin, electrotherapy, depression, therapy effect, electric stimulation therapy, controlled study, pain measurement, clinical effectiveness, nociception, epilepsy, nonhuman, animal, animals, metabolism, animal experiment, animal model, pain threshold, hyperalgesiam, epilepsy and allodynia. Figure 11. Density visualization. Thematic map Based on Figure 12 , In the thematic map description obtained in the motor theme area, three keywords are ganglion, de, and radiofrequency. This shows that themes related to therapy using radio frequency for trigeminal neuralgia are starting to become saturated with various research, and researchers are starting to move towards niche areas with new themes. In the motor theme, the keywords stimulation, nerve, and peripheral are also found, which shows that researchers are continuing to research this area on emerging research themes. Meanwhile, in the niche area, the keywords del, application, and common appear, which show that there has been quite a big change in the management of trigeminal neuralgia in research themes that include good times. Apart from that, in the niche theme, the keyword option, carbamazepine, also appears. This shows that in the niche theme, researchers are still using carbamazepine as an option for therapy. Carbamazepine is an old therapy for trigeminal neuralgia, but it appears that researchers are interested in examining this classic therapy more deeply. Figure 12. Thematic map. Thematic evolution Based on Figure 13 , There was an evolution of changes in themes in research in 1951–2012 with the keywords clinical, ganglion, trigeminal, headache, pain, therapy, and radiosurgery. The theme then changed in 2013–2024 to clinical, brain, trigeminal, review, pain, stimulation, report, and study. Figure 13. Thematic evolution. It appears that there has been a change in therapy from nerve stimulation to no longer using radiofrequency or surgery. Cluster analysis Table 1 (Extended data). The result of cluster analysis Table 1. The result of cluster analysis. Hal Cluster Most frequent word Keyword 1 Cluster 1 Carbamazepine Review Gabapentine Acetylsalicylic acid Add on therapy Amitriptyline Antoconvulsants Anticonvulsive agent Antidepressantt agent Ataxia Baclofen Blurred vision Botulinium toxin a Capsaicin Carbamazepine Clinical trial Clonazepam Cognitive defect Comorbidity Confusion Constipation Corticosteroid Diabetic neuropathy Differential diagnosis Diplopia Disease exacerbation Disease severity Dizziness Drowsiness Drug effect Drug efficacy Drug safety Drug tolerability Drug withdrawal Duloxetine Fatigue Gabapentine Gamma knife radio surgery Gastrointestinal symptoms Headache Herpes zoster Lamotrigine Lidocaine Liver toxicity Local anesthetic agent Migraine Morphine Muscle relaxant agent Nausea Nerve decompression Neuroimaging Nonsteroid antiinlammation Notriptyline Opiate Oxcarbazepine Paracetamol Paresthesia Phenytoin Physical examination Pimozide Placebo Postherpetic neuralgia Pregabalin Radiofrequency ablation Rash Review Side effect Sumatriptan Tizanidine Tocainide Tooth pain Topiramate Tramadol Treatment failure Trycyclic antidepressant Valproic acid Venlafaxine Vorniting 2 Cluster 2 Article Male Adult Ablation therapy Adult Aged Analgesia Article Clinical article Clinical outcome Cohort analysis Comparative study Complication Computer assisted tomography Diagnostic imaging Disease association Disease duration Dysesthesia Face pain Facial neuralgia Female Follow up Follow-up studies Glossopharyngeal neuralgia Glycerol Hypesthesia Magnetic resonance imaging Major clinical study Male Microsurgery Microvascular decompression Middle aged Nerve black Nerve surgery Neurosurgery Neurosurgical procedure Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Pain assessment Physiotherapy Postoperative complicated Postoperative pain Procedures Prospective study Quality of life Questionnaire Radiofrequency Radiosurgery Recurrent disease Retrospective study Rhizotomy Sensory dysfunction Streotatactic radiosurgery Steroid Sunct syndrome Surgical approach Surgical technique Therapy effect Thermocoagulation Tomography, x-ray com Treatment outcome Treatment planning Very elderly 3 Cluster 3 Humans Pain Chronic pain Acupuncture Acupuncture therapy Anxiety Backache Botulinum toxin Brain depth stimulation Chronic pain Clinical effectiveness Cluster headache Deep brain stimulation Depression Electric stimulation therapy Electrostimulation Electrotherapy Epilepsy Evidence based medicine Fibromyalgia Functional magnetic resonance Humans Hypertension Medline Meta analysis Motor cortex Motor cortex stimulation Multiple sclerosis Nerve injury Nerve stimulation Neuromodulation Pain Pain management Physiology Prevalence Randomized controlled trial Spinal cord stimulation Systematic review Thalamus Transcranial direct current stimulation Transcranial magnetic stimulation Treatment indication Treatment response Visual analog scale 4 Cluster 4 Human Trigeminus neuralgia Trigeminal neuralgia Anesthetics, local Cancer pain Case report Central nervous system Chronic disease Conservative treatment Decompression surgery Diagnosis Diagnosis, differential Drug therapy Electrocoagulation Electrostimulation therapy English abstract Etiology Human Methodology Middle age Pathogenesis Peripheral nervous system Practice guideline Short survey Surgery Therapy Transcutaneous nerve stimulation Trigeminal ganglion Trigeminal nerve Trigeminal neuralgia Trigeminus ganglion Trigeminus neuralgia 5 Cluster 5 Priority journal Neuropathic pain Neuralgia Allodynia Analgesic agent Analgesics Animal Animal experiment Animal model Animals Brain stem Clinical feature Controlled study Disease model Disease models, anima Dose response Facial pain Hyperalgesia Metabolism Nerve compression Neuralgia Neuropathic pain Nociception Nonhuman Pain measurement Pain threshold Pathology Pathophysiology Priority journal From Table 1 above, there are 5 clusters based on keywords. Cluster 1, dominated by Carbamazepine, Review and Gabapentine Cluster 2, dominated by Article, Male and Adult Cluster 3, dominated by Humans, Pain and Chronic pain Cluster 4, dominated Human, Trigeminus neuralgia, and Trigeminal neuralgia Cluster 5, dominated Priority journal, Neuropathic pain and Neuralgia Qualitative analysis Table 2 (Extended data). Diseases with the use of trigeminal neuralgia therapy in the clinic: Table 2. Diseases with the use of trigeminal neuralgia therapy in the clinic. No. Disease Document 1. Medicamentosa 46 Documents 2. Laser 1 Documents 3. Block ganglion 5 Documents 4. Ablative 5 Documents 5. Gamma knife 16 Documents 6. Balloon compression 7 Documents 7. Spinal cord stimulation 8 Documents 8. Transcranial direct current stimulation 4 Documents 9. Gray matter volume reductio 2 Documents 10. Acupuncture 7 Documents 11. Botulinum toxin 9 Documents 12. Radiofrequency 21 Documents 13. Surgery 87 Documents 14. Rhizotomy 12 Documents 15. Hyperbaric oxygen 3 Documents 16. Intervention 28 Documents 17. High intensity focused ultrasound 1 Documents 18. Gasserian ganglion stimulation 2 Documents 19. Peripheral nerve stimulation 20 Documents 20. Motor cortex stimulation 7 Documents 21. Microvascular decompression 34 Documents 22. Personalized radiosurgery 2 Documents 23. Neuromodulation 14 Documents 24. Microsurgical pontine descending tractotomy 2 Documents 25. Medicated plaster 1 Document 26. Cryoablation 1 Document 27. Interferential current 2 Documents 28. Intracranial neurostimulation 1 Document 29. Deep brain stimulation 10 Documents 30. Radiofrequency thermocoagulation 9 Documents 31. Vagus nerve stimulation 1 Document 32. Stereotactic radiosurgery 9 Documents 33. Electroconvulsive 1 Document 34. Minimal invasive thetmal brain treatment 1 Document 35. Balloon compression rhizolysis 3 Documents 36. Low frequency current 17 Documents 37. High frequency thermocoagulation 3 Documents 38. Diadynamic current 5 Documents 39. Sinusoidal modulated currents 1 Document 40. Low voltage Electric current 1 Document 41. Electrothermia 1 Document 42. Transcranial magnetic stimulation 7 Documents 41. Not specific 33 Documents Discussion A more in-depth look at the keyword clusters we find in bibliometric research. Del, Application, Common, This cluster appears to focus on how common therapeutic applications for trigeminal neuralgia have changed or been removed (del) over time. This may include changes in the way the medication is administered, such as through a different administration method or an adjusted dose. 12 , 13 Stimulation, nerve, and peripheral. This cluster appears to focus on the use of peripheral nerve stimulation in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Peripheral nerve stimulation is a technique that involves using an electrical current to stimulate nerves, which can change the way the nerves send pain signals to the brain. This technique has shown promise in several studies and may become an increasingly popular area of research in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. 12 – 14 Peripheral nerve stimulation of the trigeminal nerve and occipital nerve has been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of trigeminal neuropathic pain and persistent idiopathic facial pain when the patient is rigorously selected and the electrodes are properly placed under the hyperagesia strip in the periphery of the area of allodynia. 14 , 15 Case reports and small patient series have suggested peripheral nerve field stimulation (PNFS) as a treatment for refractory trigeminal neuralgia attributed to multiple sclerosis (MS). 16 In this case, the authors aimed to assess the effect of this technique on long-term pain severity. 16 Options, Carbamazepine, Action. This cluster appears to focus on the use of carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant drug, in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine has long been used in the treatment of this condition, and this cluster may include studies that explore how this drug works, how its effectiveness compares with other treatment options, and how its side effects can be managed. 2 , 17 – 19 The change in research themes from invasive to non-invasive appears to reflect broader trends in medical and clinical research. Invasive methods, such as surgery, carry a risk of complications and side effects, and therefore there is a tendency to look for non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches that are safer and better accepted by patients. 12 – 16 However, it is important to note that this interpretation is based on assumptions about what the keywords in the cluster might represent. For a more accurate and in-depth analysis, it may be necessary to consider the specific context of the articles and studies included in the bibliometric analysis. Additionally, it is important to consider that research is a dynamic field, and what is a “niche” theme today may become mainstream tomorrow. Therefore, it is important to continuously monitor the literature and stay up-to-date with the latest developments in this field. Conclusion Based on quantitative and qualitative studies, a comprehensive understanding of trigeminal neuralgia therapy was obtained. Researchers are starting to abandon radiofrequency therapy as a research theme, and a new theme is peripheral nerve stimulation and the reuse of carbamazepine in the latest themes. Author contribution AYS conducts research, gathers data, performs statistical analysis, and produces discussions and conclusions, RV and DAYS editing. Data availability statement Underlying data No data are associated with this article. Extended data Figshare: Seventy-three years (1951–2024) looking for trigeminal neuralgia therapy and peripheral nerve stimulation as a niche theme. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25992208.v1 . 20 Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0 ). Open Science Framework: PRISMA checklist & Flow Diagram: Seventy-three years (1951–2024) looking for trigeminal neuralgia therapy and peripheral nerve stimulation as a niche theme. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25992355.v1 . 21 Software availability VOSviewer software is an open-access tool that can be used as a cost-effective method for any scientometric analysis. 22 References 1. Guo J, Dong X, Zhao X: Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by radiofrequency of the Gasserian ganglion. Rev. Neurosci. 2016; 27 (7): 739–743. Publisher Full Text 2. Lambru G, Zakrzewska J, Matharu M: Trigeminal neuralgia: a practical guide. Pract. Neurol. 2021; 21 (5): 392–402. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 3. Park SH, Chang JW: Gamma Knife Radiosurgery on the Trigeminal Root Entry Zone for Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia: Results and a Review of the Literature. Yonsei Med. J. 2020; 61 (2): 111–119. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 4. Simms HN, Honey CR: The importance of autonomic symptoms in trigeminal neuralgia. Clinical article. J. Neurosurg. 2011; 115 (2): 210–216. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 5. Honey CR, Krüger MT, Morrison MD, et al. : Vagus Associated Neurogenic Cough Occurring Due to Unilateral Vascular Encroachment of Its Root: A Case Report and Proof of Concept of VANCOUVER Syndrome. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 2020; 129 (5): 523–527. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 6. Honey CR, Morrison MD, Heran MKS, et al. : Hemi-laryngopharyngeal spasm as a novel cause of inducible laryngeal obstruction with a surgical cure: report of 3 cases. J. Neurosurg. 2018; 130 : 1865–1869. Publisher Full Text 7. Guay DRP: Adjunctive pharmacological management of persistent, nonmalignant pain in older individuals. Aging Health. 2006; 2 (1): 135–144. Publisher Full Text 8. Pöllmann W, Feneberg W: Current management of pain associated with multiple sclerosis. CNS Drugs. 2008; 22 (4): 291–324. Publisher Full Text 9. Du Z, Zhang J, Han X, et al. : Potential novel therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 2023; 16 : 1138798. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 10. Cheshire WP: Trigeminal neuralgia: for one nerve a multitude of treatments. Expert. Rev. Neurother. 2007; 7 (11): 1565–1579. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 11. Weber K: Neuromodulation and Devices in Trigeminal Neuralgia. Headache. 2017; 57 (10): 1648–1653. Publisher Full Text 12. Kohan L, Patel J, Abd-Elsayed A, et al. , editor. Trigeminal Nerve Pain: A Guide to Clinical Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2021; pp. 155–168. Publisher Full Text 13. Choi J-g: Neuromodulation for Trigeminal Neuralgia.Park K, Cho KR, editors. Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Comprehensive Guide. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore; 2023; pp. 223–230. Publisher Full Text 14. Feletti A, Santi GZ, Sammartino F, et al. : Peripheral trigeminal nerve field stimulation: Report of 6 cases. Neurosurg. Focus. 2013; 35 (3): E10. Publisher Full Text 15. Feletti A, Zanata Santi G, Sammartino F, et al. : Peripheral trigeminal nerve field stimulation: Report of 6 cases. Neurosurg. Focus. 2013; 35 : E10. Publisher Full Text 16. Klein J, Siepmann T, Schackert G, et al. : Peripheral nerve field stimulation in medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia attributed to multiple sclerosis. J. Neurosurg. 2021; 134 (4): 1244–1250. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 17. Chong MS, Bahra A, Zakrzewska JM: Guidelines for the management of trigeminal neuralgia.2023; 90 (6): 355–362. 18. Zakrzewska JM, Linskey ME: Trigeminal Neuralgia. Am. Fam. Physician. 2016; 94 (2): 133–135. PubMed Abstract 19. Krafft RM: Trigeminal neuralgia. Am. Fam. Physician. 2008; 77 (9): 1291–1296. PubMed Abstract 20. Saleh AY, Valentina R, Saputra DAY: Figshare: Seventy-three years (1951–2024) looking for trigeminal neuralgia therapy and peripheral nerve stimulation as a niche theme. Publisher Full Text 21. Saleh AY, Valentina R, Saputra DAY: Open Science Framework: PRISMA-ScR checklist & Flow Diagram: Seventy-three years (1951–2024) looking for trigeminal neuralgia therapy and peripheral nerve stimulation as a niche theme.2024. Publisher Full Text 22. van Eck NJ , Waltman L: Citation-based clustering of publications using CitNetExplorer and VOSviewer. Scientometrics. 2017; 111 (2): 1053–1070. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 19 Jun 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Neurology, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia 2 Public Health Sciences, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Riezky Valentina Roles: Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Dwi Arwandi Yogi Saputra Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (1) version 1 Published: 19 Jun 2024, 13:660 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.152890.1 Copyright © 2024 SALEH AY et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article SALEH AY, Valentina R and Saputra DAY. Seventy-three years (1951–2024) looking for trigeminal neuralgia therapy and peripheral nerve stimulation as a niche theme [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review] . 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