Waste to Nano material approach: Iron Oxide Nanoparticles synthesized from Litchi chinensis peel extract (LC-Fe2O3-NPs) for the removal of toxic dyes

Waste to Nano material approach: Iron Oxide Nanoparticles synthesized from Litchi chinensis peel extract (LC-Fe2O3-NPs) for the removal of toxic dyes | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Waste to Nano material approach: Iron Oxide Nanoparticles synthesized from Litchi chinensis peel extract (LC-Fe 2 O 3 -NPs) for the removal of toxic dyes Sivakumar Bandaru, Velaga P V S Sai Pranai, A. Narendra Kumar, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9248846/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The synthesis strategy concentrates on reducing the use of dangerous chemicals, using nanotechnology to clean up toxic substances in wastewater, and making sure that the produced nanoparticles have no effect in the environment. Because Litchi chinensis extract has good adsorptive qualities and contains phytochemicals such flavonoids, phenolics, and steroids, it was used in this study to create Iron Oxide nanoparticles. Litchi chinensis Iron Oxide nanoparticles (LC-Fe 2 O 3 -NPs) are formed as a result of these bioactive substances' natural reducing and stabilizing effects. LC-Fe 2 O 3 -NPs eliminated Congo Red and Alizarin Red S with efficiencies of 95.62% and 96%, respectively, at an initial dye concentration of 10 mg/L. The maximum adsorption capabilities of LC-Fe 2 O 3 -NPs for Congo Red and Alizarin Red S dyes were 171.23 mg/g and 186.66 mg/g, respectively. Particles with irregular shapes and sizes smaller than 100 nm. The surface appearance, elemental content, crystalline structure, and functional groups of the produced LC-Fe 2 O 3 -NPs were examined using SEM-EDX, TGA, XRD, FTIR techniques and XPS, BET analysis. The experiment to remove Congo Red (CR) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) dyes is based on the adsorption approach. Various parameters, including temperature, initial dye concentration, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and agitation time, were reported and adjusted. Equilibrium data analysis revealed that the Freundlich isotherm model best explained the adsorption behavior for LC-Fe 2 O 3 -NPs. Additionally, thermodynamics and kinetics were examined. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization studies were examined and contrasted with experimental data. Physical sciences/Chemistry Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Physical sciences/Materials science Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology Adsorption Industrial dyes Wastewater treatment Litchi chinensis extract-Fe₂O₃-NPs Congo Red (CR) Alizarin Red S (ARS) Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9248846","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":621641839,"identity":"a53704b9-960c-4511-9df7-a78f680b0f6f","order_by":0,"name":"Sivakumar Bandaru","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Andhra University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sivakumar","middleName":"","lastName":"Bandaru","suffix":""},{"id":621641845,"identity":"d61d4de1-6594-4ef8-ac54-f46675526ac3","order_by":1,"name":"Velaga P V S Sai Pranai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Andhra University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Velaga","middleName":"P V S Sai","lastName":"Pranai","suffix":""},{"id":621641847,"identity":"9a1fc5e6-d107-436d-be01-c981a633006b","order_by":2,"name":"A. 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Because \u003cem\u003eLitchi chinensis\u003c/em\u003e extract has good adsorptive qualities and contains phytochemicals such flavonoids, phenolics, and steroids, it was used in this study to create Iron Oxide nanoparticles. \u003cem\u003eLitchi chinensis\u003c/em\u003e Iron Oxide nanoparticles (LC-Fe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-NPs) are formed as a result of these bioactive substances' natural reducing and stabilizing effects. LC-Fe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-NPs eliminated Congo Red and Alizarin Red S with efficiencies of 95.62% and 96%, respectively, at an initial dye concentration of 10 mg/L. The maximum adsorption capabilities of LC-Fe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-NPs for Congo Red and Alizarin Red S dyes were 171.23 mg/g and 186.66 mg/g, respectively. Particles with irregular shapes and sizes smaller than 100 nm. 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