Assessing the Determinants of Missed Nursing Care in Selected Hospital of Abuja City in 2025: A Cross-Sectional Study in Nigeria

Assessing the Determinants of Missed Nursing Care in Selected Hospital of Abuja City in 2025: A Cross-Sectional Study in Nigeria | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Assessing the Determinants of Missed Nursing Care in Selected Hospital of Abuja City in 2025: A Cross-Sectional Study in Nigeria Fatima Muhammad Badamasi, Mohammad Javad Ahmadzadeh-Zeidi, Zahra Rooddehghan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7613220/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background & Aims: Missed nursing care refers to the partial or complete omission of essential patient care by nurses, which can compromise patient safety and outcomes. High-quality nursing care is crucial, yet various factors increase the risk of missed nursing care, particularly in critical care units. Assessing missed nursing care in these units is essential to guide interventions aimed at improving patient safety and nursing care quality. Materials & Methods This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 ICU nurses working in two selected hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria from December 2024 to May 2025. The research samples were included in the study in a census sampling method after obtaining the necessary organizational permits, ethical approvals, and informed consent. Data were collected using three questionnaires including Demographic information form and part A and B of MISSCARE questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as independent t-test and ANOVA in SPSS software, version 25. Results The overall mean score for missed nursing care indicated a moderate level (62.17 ± 12.45; 2.59 ± 0.52 on a 1–5 scale). “Intervention-Basic Care” was the most frequently missed subscale (67.6%), while “Patient Assessment” was the least missed (58.2%). Material and labor resources emerged as the most perceived factors contributing to missed care (83.2% and 73.0% respectively). Younger nurses, those with job dissatisfaction, longer working hours, or recent absenteeism reported higher levels of missed care, whereas evening shift nurses and those satisfied with their position and teamwork showed lower omissions (p < 0.05). Conclusion Missed nursing care in Nigerian ICUs is primarily driven by systemic and organizational challenges rather than individual negligence. Addressing resource limitations, optimizing workload, providing mentorship, and fostering teamwork are essential to reduce care omissions, enhance patient safety, and improve the quality of nursing services in critical care settings. Missed Nursing Care Care Omissions Intensive Care Units Nigeria Patient Safety Nurse Medical Errors Background Care is the central concept that differentiates nursing from other health professions and is regarded as the essence of nursing, aligned with the four meta-paradigmatic concepts ( 1 ). Providing high-quality care represents the primary goal of healthcare systems across the world. Strengthening patient safety plays a key role in avoiding adverse nursing outcomes and fulfilling quality targets ( 2 ). Nurses, being the largest group of healthcare professionals, have a crucial role in maintaining patient safety and the quality of hospital care ( 3 ). Ensuring safe and comprehensive care is a basic right of every hospitalized patient. Nevertheless, in some cases, specific care activities are not delivered ( 4 ). Missed Nursing Care was firstly introduced by Kalisch in 2006 ( 5 ). Missed nursing care has been defined as the partial or complete omission of essential patient care by nurses. It is regarded not only as a form of nursing error but also as a factor that may compromise patients’ rights and place their rehabilitation and recovery at risk ( 6 ). Since nurses can only manage a limited number of responsibilities during a shift, they are often required to prioritize certain aspects of care. As a result, some care activities may be omitted while others are given priority, which can lead to missed care ( 4 ). According to several studies, factors such as nurses’ inexperience ( 7 ), prolonged involvement with patients ( 8 ), ward overcrowding, unequal distribution of responsibilities, excessive tasks related to patient admission and discharge ( 9 ) ,and the “it’s not my duty” attitude have been identified as contributors to missed nursing care ( 10 ). From the nurses’ perspective, some of the most frequent forms of missed care include lack of oral care, delays in administering medications at the appropriate time, neglecting patients’ religious needs ( 11 ), postponement of feeding, and the omission of patient education and discharge planning ( 8 ). Several studies have examined the causes and consequences of missed nursing care, as well as its impact on patient outcomes. These causes are generally categorized into individual, organizational, and contextual factors ( 9 ). Among the individual factors, a heavy workload is one of the main contributors, as excessive responsibilities often create time constraints and limit the ability of nurses to deliver all required care. Lack of experience is another factor, since less experienced nurses may find it difficult to prioritize and manage their tasks effectively, leading to missed care. In addition, insufficient knowledge or skills necessary to perform certain care activities can also result in their omission ( 12 , 13 ). Organizational factors contributing to missed nursing care include inadequate staffing levels, where low nurse-to-patient ratios and staff shortages increase the likelihood of care being omitted ( 14 ). A lack of resources, such as limited access to essential equipment, supplies, or medications, can also hinder the delivery of care ( 15 ). Furthermore, poor interprofessional communication may lead to missed care when critical information required for patient management is unclear or unavailable ( 16 ). Contextual factors also play a role in missed nursing care. Lack of effective teamwork and collaboration among healthcare professionals can interfere with task completion and increase the risk of omissions. A study on the relationship between nursing teamwork and missed nursing care found that teamwork explained about 9–11% of the variance in missed care ( 17 ). Also lack of time and busyness were reported as major reasons for missed nursing care from the nurses’ perspective ( 18 ). The rate of missed nursing care has been reported to range from 10% to 50% worldwide, depending on the research setting and the availability of financial and labor resources ( 19 – 21 ). However, in a study by John et al. involving Nigerian nurses, this rate was found to be as high as 83.9% ( 22 ). A large multi-country cross-sectional study involving 33,659 nurses across 488 hospitals in 12 European countries found that the most frequently missed nursing care activities were taking time to rest or talk with patients (53%), developing or updating nursing care plans or methods (42%), and providing education to patients and their families (41%) ( 23 ). Such omissions can lead to adverse patient outcomes, including reduced satisfaction, re-hospitalization, medication errors ( 24 ), and increased pain and discomfort ( 8 ). The phenomenon of missed nursing care continues to pose a serious threat to the provision of comprehensive and safe nursing, endangering patient lives ( 25 ). Identifying the types of missed care enables the development of effective strategies to ensure a continuous and high-quality care process ( 26 ). Intensive Care Units provide specialized care to critically ill patients requiring continuous monitoring and complex interventions. Nurses in these settings are responsible for various tasks, including medication administration, ventilator management, infection control, and emotional support for patients and families ( 27 ). High-quality nursing care is essential for patient safety, yet missed nursing care threatens care quality, particularly in critical care units. Nurses in specialized wards face high workload, complex patient needs, and resource constraints, increasing the risk of missed nursing care. Evidence from Nigeria shows a high prevalence of missed care, but localized data are still limited. assessing missed nursing care in abuja’s specialized units in 2024 is crucial to guide interventions for improving patient safety and nursing care quality in Nigeria. Methods Design and aim This descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the factors associated with missed nursing care among nurses working in selected hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria. Data collection took place between December 2024 and May 2025. Study setting and participants The study population included all nurses working in the selected hospitals in Abuja, specifically Garki Hospital and Wuse District Hospital. These hospitals were purposively chosen because they align with the study objectives and operate under official research ethics and healthcare regulations established by the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Participants were eligible if they met the following inclusion criteria: ( 1 ) willingness to participate in the study, ( 2 ) possession of a bachelor’s degree in nursing or higher and current employment in intensive care units, and ( 3 ) a minimum of six months’ experience working in intensive care units. Nurses who provided incomplete questionnaire responses were excluded from the study. Sample size and power All eligible nurses were invited to participate in the study using a census sampling approach. A total of approximately 210 nurses agreed to participate, and after reviewing the completed questionnaires, 200 nurses who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. Instruments The data for this study were collected using previously published, validated instruments: the MISSCARE Survey developed by Kalisch ( 28 ), and the MISSCARE Survey Factors developed by Blackman et al. ( 29 ). These questionnaires have been widely used in nursing research to assess missed nursing care and its contributing factors. English versions of the instruments are cited in the references. Prior to conducting the study, permission was obtained from the developers of the original questionnaires. Data for this research were collected using a self-report method through the following questionnaires: Demographic and Anthropometric Information Questionnaire was used to collect information such as age, gender, marital status, employment status, work experience, education level, type of shift, and number of work shifts per month. MISSCARE Survey (Part A) : which was designed by Kalisch in 2006 to determine the items of missed nursing care and was psychometrically evaluated by the same researcher in 2009 ( 28 ). Part A of this Questionnaire deals with the factors related to missed nursing care, which includes 24 nursing activities that are usually performed in each nursing shift ( 30 ). This questionnaire has four subscales, which includes Assessment (8 items: e.g., Monitoring intake/output, Vital signs assessed as ordered), Interventions-Individual needs (6 items: e.g., assess effectiveness of medications, response to call light is provided within 5 minutes), Interventions-Basic Care (7 items: e.g., feeding patient when the food is still warm, patient bathing/skin care) and planning (3 items: e.g., Patient teaching, ensuring discharge planning). The answer to each item of this questionnaire is on a 5-point Likert scale including: never missed (score 1) to always missed (score 5) ( 24 ). Scores of this questionnaire varies between 24 and 120, and a higher score indicates higher missed care ( 9 ). The reliability of this questionnaire was calculated as 0.94 − 0.88 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient during various research ( 1 , 4 ). MISSCARE Survey Factors (Part B) : Developed by Blackman et al. in 2014 in Australia to assess factors contributing to missed nursing care. This 17-item questionnaire comprises three subscales: labor resources (9 items, Items: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, 16, 17, for example: unbalanced patient assignments, inadequate staffing levels, urgent patient situations, and high patient turnover), material resources (3 items, Items: 6, 9, 10, for example: Medications not available when needed, Supplies/equipment is not functioning properly when needed), and communication (5 items, Items: 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, for example: Tension or communication breakdowns within the nursing team, Tension or communication breakdowns with other ancillary/support departments) ( 29 ). In this section, the nurses were asked to rate each item with a 4-point Likert scale (1 = not a reason, 2 = minor, 3 = moderate, and 4 = significant reason) ( 31 ). A higher score indicated the greater importance of that item in the missed care. The reliability of this questionnaire was calculated as 0.90 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient ( 32 ). The reliability analysis demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.737 for communication, 0.771 for labor resources, and 0.734 for material resources during this study. Data collection Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee, and authorization was granted by the relevant authorities in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria (Code: FHREC/2024/01/79/28-03-24). The lead researcher, Fatima Muhammad Badamasi, introduced herself to the directors of the selected hospitals. Questionnaires were distributed using a census approach. At an appropriate time and location, the researcher explained the study objectives to eligible nurses according to the inclusion criteria and obtained their written informed consent. Participants were given three days to complete the questionnaires to provide flexibility. The researcher emphasized the importance of providing honest and thoughtful responses and, where possible, offered a quiet environment to enhance accuracy. Participants were also assured that all information would remain confidential and accessible only to the research team. The estimated time to complete the questionnaires was communicated as approximately 15 to 20 minutes. Statistical analysis Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25. First, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was conducted to assess the normality of the data. Once the data distribution was confirmed as normal, descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were utilized for evaluation. Additionally, inferential statistics including the independent t-test and ANOVA were performed. A significance level of p < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Ethical considerations All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Following this approval, a well-trained researcher introduced herself to the administrators of the selected hospitals. The researchers explained the study objectives to the nurses, emphasizing that participation was voluntary and that there would be no negative consequences for those who chose not to participate. All participants were assured of the confidentiality of their research information, and only the researchers would have access to the data. Informed consent was then obtained from all study participants. Finally, the results of the study were shared with the hospital involved in the study. Results Out of approximately 210 distributed questionnaires, 200 participants who completed all three instruments were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 29.63 ± 5.22 years, and the majority were female (73.5%). Most participants (190 nurses; 95.0%) held a bachelor’s degree, and more than 92% reported no intention of leaving their current position. Additional demographic information is provided in Table 1 . Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the nurses participating in the study (n = 200) Variables Number (%) Age < 25 47 (23.5%) 25–34 91 (45.5%) 35–44 62 (31.0%) mean 29.63 ± 5.22 Gender Male 53 (26.5%) female 147 (73.5%) Education level Bachelor 190 (95.0%) Master 10 (5.0%) Type of shift Variable 94 (47.2%) Day 48 (24.1%) Evening 40 (20.1%) Night 17 (8.5%) Plan on leaving current position No intention 185 (92.5%) In next year 15 (7.5%) Missed shifts/days in past 3 months None 61 (30.5%) 1 59 (29.5%) 2 and more 80 (40.0%) Overtime hours per week 0 53 (26.5%) 1–12 89 (44.5%) > 12 58 (29.0%) Working experience in current role 6 month-2 years 63 (31.5%) 2–5 years 92 (46.0%) > 5 years 45 (22.5%) Current position satisfaction Satisfied 97 (48.5%) Neutral 85 (42.5%) Dissatisfied 18 (9.0%) Satisfaction of teamwork Satisfied 72 (36.0%) Neutral 109 (54.5%) Dissatisfied 19 (9.5%) Satisfaction of being a nurse Satisfied 74 (31.0%) Neutral 109 (54.5%) Dissatisfied 17 (8.5%) Working hours per week < 30 65 (32.5%) ≥ 30 135 (67.5%) The mean ± SD score for items related to missed nursing care was 62.17 ± 12.45 (equivalent to 2.59 ± 0.52 on a 1–5 scale). Although the original version of the questionnaire does not specify cut-off points, findings from similar studies suggest that these mean scores generally reflect a moderate level of missed nursing care (62.4%). Among the subscales, “Intervention-Basic Care” showed the highest rate of missed care (67.6%) (mean ± SD: 2.83 ± 0.74), whereas “Patient Assessment” had the lowest (58.2%) (mean ± SD: 2.63 ± 0.62). In this study, “Emotional Support to the Patient and/or Family (79.4%)” and “Patient bathing/skin care (72.4%)” represented the most frequently missed aspect of care while “Hand Washing (32.6%)” was identified as the least missed. Further details are presented in Table 2 . Table 2 Descriptive frequency of subscales related to missed nursing care among nurses Missed Nursing Care And Its Subscales min max Mean ± SD On 1–5 basis score Percentage of missed care Mean ± SD Patient Assessment ( 8 – 40 ) 8 38 21.01 ± 4.92 2.63 ± 0.62 58.2% Intervention-Individual Needs ( 6 – 30 ) 6 29 13.42 ± 3.12 2.68 ± 0.62 63.5% Intervention-Basic Care ( 7 – 35 ) 7 35 19.78 ± 5.21 2.83 ± 0.74 67.6% Planning ( 3 – 15 ) 3 15 7.96 ± 2.09 2.65 ± 0.7 61.5% Total Missed Nursing Care (24–120) 27 94 62.17 ± 12.45 2.59 ± 0.52 62.4% The overall mean score for all reasons was 2.98 ± 0.58, indicating that, on average, the listed factors were between a "Moderate" and "Significant" cause of missed care. Collectively, 70.7% of all responses across the 17 items affirmed these elements as substantial reasons for care being omitted. Among the reasons associated with missed nursing care, “Material Resources” emerged as the most potent contributing factor, with the highest mean score of 3.32 ± 0.76. A striking 83.2% of nursing staff identified issues within this as a moderate or significant reason for care omissions. “Labor resources” was the second most significant factor, with a mean score of 3.07 ± 0.66. On average, 73.0% of responses cited this reason as key contributors to missed care. “Communication” was also a notable barrier, though its perceived influence was lower than the other two domains, with a mean score of 2.63 ± 0.65. Approximately 58.9% of staff reported communication breakdowns, as a moderate or significant cause. Further details are presented in Table 3 . Table 3 Descriptive frequency of subscales related to reasons for missed nursing care among nurses. Reasons associated with Missed Nursing Care min max Mean ± SD On 1–5 basis score Percentage of each reason Mean ± SD Communication ( 5 – 20 ) 7 20 13.16 ± 3.23 2.63 ± 0.65 58.9% Material Resources ( 3 – 12 ) 3 12 9.97 ± 2.27 3.32 ± 0.76 83.2% Labor resources ( 9 – 36 ) 11 36 27.61 ± 5.97 3.07 ± 0.66 73.0% Total Reasons For Missed Nursing Care (17–68) 23 68 50.74 ± 9.78 2.98 ± 0.58 70.7% The main factors contributing to missed nursing care were inadequate staffing (88.9%) and unavailability of medications (86.4%), while heavy admission/discharge workload and lack of support or communication from team members and other departments were also frequently reported. The reporting of these percentages by nurses indicates that they consider this proportion of the factor to be involved in the occurrence of missed nursing care. Additional information is provided in Table 4 . Table 4 Descriptive frequency of perceived reasons for missed nursing care. Reasons Related To Missed Nursing Care Acceptance 1 Inadequate number of staff 88.9% 2 Urgent patient situations (e.g. worsening patient condition) 69.4% 3 Unexpected rise in patient volume and/or acuity on the ward/Unit 70.4% 4 Inadequate number of assistive and/or clerical personnel (e.g. care assistants, ward clerks, porters) 71.8% 5 Unbalanced patient assignment 58.8% 6 Medications not available when needed 86.4% 7 Inadequate handover from previous shift or patient transfers into ward/Unit 65.9% 8 Other departments did not provide the care needed (e.g. physiotherapy did not ambulate) 59.3% 9 Supplies/equipment is not available when needed 86.4% 10 Supplies/equipment is not functioning properly when needed 78.8% 11 Lack of back up support from team members 66.3% 12 Tension or communication breakdowns with other ancillary/support departments 54.8% 13 Tension or communication breakdowns within the nursing team 66.4% 14 Tension or communication breakdowns with the medical staff 60.8% 15 Nursing assistant/carer did not communicate that care was not provided 46.8% 16 Nurse/carer assigned to patient off ward/Unit or unavailable 70.9% 17 Heavy admission and discharge activity 80.9% Results from ANOVA and independent t-tests indicated significant differences in missed nursing care across several demographic and occupational variables. Nurses younger than 25 years, those intending to leave their current position within the next year, nurses who had missed two or more shifts or days during the past three months, those dissatisfied with their current position, and those working more than 30 hours per week reported higher levels of missed nursing care compared to their colleagues. In contrast, lower levels of missed nursing care were observed among nurses working evening shifts, those with 6 months to 2 years of work experience, and nurses who expressed satisfaction with their current position, teamwork, and the nursing profession itself. Further details are presented in Table 5 . Table 5 The relationship between demographic characteristics of participants with subscales related to missed nursing care (n = 200). Missed nursing care Demographic Characteristics Patient Assessment Intervention Individual Needs Intervention Basic Care Planning Overall missed nursing care Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Age ① < 25 25.60 ± 3.56 17.57 ± 2.74 21.04 ± 4.10 8.91 ± 7.51 73.13 ± 9.73 25–34 22.17 ± 6.22 15.14 ± 3.94 18.91 ± 5.99 7.51 ± 2.13 63.73 ± 65.77 35–44 23.48 ± 6.54 14.79 ± 4.25 19.60 ± 6.84 7.90 ± 2.24 65.77 ± 18.90 Test result F = 5.37 p = 0.005 F = 8.37 p < 0.001 F = 2.01 p = 0.136 F = 7.38 p < 0.001 F = 5.16 p = 0.007 Gender ② Male 22.17 ± 5.87 15.10 ± 3.57 18.69 ± 5.38 7.44 ± 1.99 63.40 ± 15.93 Female 23.82 ± 5.93 15.79 ± 4.06 19.96 ± 6.10 8.15 ± 2.11 67.71 ± 16.94 Test result t = 1.72 df = 198 p = 0.087 t = 1.09 df = 198 p = 0.277 t = 1.32 df = 198 p = 0.187 t = 2.10 df = 198 p = 0.036 t = 1.72 df = 198 p = 0.111 Education level ② Bachelor 23.54 ± 5.81 15.74 ± 3.87 19.76 ± 5.75 8.02 ± 2.11 67.06 ± 16.35 Master 21.00 ± 7.62 13.58 ± 4.62 17.58 ± 8.37 7.08 ± 1.62 59.25 ± 21.63 Test result t = 1.43 df = 198 p = 0.152 t = 1.84 df = 198 p = 0.066 t = 0.88 df = 198 p = 0.393 t = 1.50 df = 198 p = 0.134 t = 1.57 df = 198 p = 0.118 Type of shift ① Variable 24.74 ± 3.78 16.61 ± 3.18 21.22 ± 3.94 8.61 ± 1.44 71.18 ± 10.58 Day 23.46 ± 7.63 15.06 ± 3.99 18.96 ± 7.24 7.63 ± 2.54 65.10 ± 20.55 Evening 19.68 ± 6.87 13.05 ± 4.80 15.93 ± 7.04 6.50 ± 2.30 55.15 ± 20.06 Night 24.12 ± 4.52 17.47 ± 1.87 21.18 ± 4.01 8.76 ± 1.30 71.53 ± 10.39 Test result F = 7.58 p < 0.001 F = 10.50 p < 0.001 F = 8.97 p < 0.001 F = 12.51 p < 0.001 F = 10.48 p < 0.001 Plan on leaving current position ② No intention 20.40 ± 9.64 12.33 ± 6.80 14.53 ± 8.79 7.00 ± 3.22 54.27 ± 27.90 In next year 23.36 ± 5.51 15.88 ± 3.51 20..04 ± 5.46 8.04 ± 1.97 67.59 ± 15.19 Test result t = 2.03 df = 198 p = 0.043 t = 3.43 df = 198 p < 0.001 t = 3.55 df = 198 p < 0.001 t = 1.86 df = 198 p = 0.064 t = 3.02 df = 198 p = 0.003 Missed shifts/days in past 3 months ① None 24.18 ± 3.72 16.03 ± 3.21 20.50 ± 3.94 8.20 ± 1.54 68.92 ± 10.82 1 23.15 ± 6.59 15.64 ± 4.96 19.44 ± 7.42 8.02 ± 2.28 66.25 ± 20.29 2 or more 27.90 ± 5.68 17.50 ± 3.50 22.40 ± 5.25 9.40 ± 1.71 77.20 ± 14.98 Test result F = 3.25 p = 0.023 F = 1.68 p = 0.172 F = 1.84 p = 0.140 F = 1.98 p = 0.126 F = 2.66 p = 0.049 Working experience in current role (ICU) ① 6 month-2 years 22.09 ± 4.14 15.60 ± 4.02 18.44 ± 5.86 7.44 ± 2.27 62.57 ± 17.38 2–5 years 23.89 ± 6.21 16.42 ± 4.17 20.58 ± 6.28 8.22 ± 1.90 69.21 ± 17.34 > 5 year 24.78 ± 5.61 15.81 ± 3.47 21.00 ± 4.54 8.00 ± 2.30 69.81 ± 14.49 Test result F = 1.47 p = 0.212 F = 0.73 p = 0.349 F = 1.88 p = 0.114 F = 1.75 p = 0.140 F = 2.73 p = 0.044 Current position satisfaction ① Satisfied 21.38 ± 6.95 14.62 ± 4.73 17.77 ± 7.06 7.37 ± 2.53 61.14 ± 20.23 Neutral 25.17 ± 4.20 16.40 ± 2.75 21.06 ± 4.09 8.54 ± 1.47 71.17 ± 10.85 Dissatisfied 25.89 ± 2.78 17.22 ± 2.46 22.94 ± 2.28 8.50 ± 0.61 74.56 ± 6.64 Test result F = 12.08 p < 0.001 F = 6.63 p = 0.002 F = 11.00 p < 0.001 F = 8.11 p < 0.001 F = 11.36 p < 0.001 Satisfaction of teamwork ① Satisfied 20.10 ± 6.64 13.44 ± 4.13 15.90 ± 6.62 6.76 ± 2.35 56.21 ± 18.69 Neutral 25.46 ± 4.79 16.88 ± 3.45 21.74 ± 4.52 8.65 ± 1.68 72.73 ± 12.99 Dissatisfied 24.05 ± 2.97 16.58 ± 1.77 21.74 ± 2.40 8.63 ± 0.83 71.00 ± 5.43 Test result F = 21.34 p < 0.001 F = 20.35 p < 0.001 F = 28.36 p < 0.001 F = 22.45 p < 0.001 F = 27.55 p < 0.001 Satisfaction of being a nurse ① Satisfied 22.37 ± 7.68 14.21 ± 4.71 17.86 ± 7.31 7.51 ± 2.58 61.95 ± 21.37 Neutral 23.97 ± 4.60 16.36 ± 3.08 20.60 ± 4.75 8.17 ± 1.69 69.10 ± 12.69 Dissatisfied 24.00 ± 4.63 16.82 ± 3.72 21.00 ± 4.43 8.59 ± 1.80 70.41 ± 13.21 Test result F = 1.69 p = 0.186 F = 7.91 p < 0.001 F = 5.35 p = 0.005 F = 3.09 p = 0.048 F = 4.63 p = 0.011 Working hours per week ② < 30 20.88 ± 6.31 14.08 ± 405 16.72 ± 5.97 6.98 ± 2.18 58.66 ± 17.49 ≥ 30 24.60 ± 5.37 16.35 ± 3.67 21.04 ± 5.40 8.44 ± 1.89 70.43 ± 15.00 Test result t=-4.09 df = 198 p < 0.001 t=-3.95 df = 198 p < 0.001 t=-4.92 df = 198 p < 0.001 t=-4.60 df = 198 p < 0.001 t=-4.65 df = 198 p < 0.001 Discussion The present study was conducted in order to Determining Factors of Missed Nursing Care in Selected Hospital of Abuja City, Nigeria in 2024. The findings of the present study revealed a moderate level of missed nursing care among Nigerian nurses, which is generally consistent with results reported in other African countries. In Nigeria, the prevalence of missed nursing care has been reported at varying levels, ranging from about 33% in a single-center study to as high as 83.9% in a multicenter survey, where the most frequently omitted activities included hygiene care, religious support, pain assessment, and patient education ( 22 , 33 ). The present study’s findings are consistent with research from several African countries, where missed nursing care has been reported at moderate to high levels. In Ethiopia, prevalence rates have ranged from 46.3% in Tigray hospitals ( 34 ) to 62.5% in Gondar ( 35 ), with some studies showing levels above 50% and even up to 76.1% in specific settings ( 36 ). Similar results have been observed elsewhere in Africa. For example, in Kenya, an observational study in neonatal units revealed that only 60% of essential nursing tasks were completed and just 14% of newborns received at least 80% of required care ( 37 ). At a broader level, a systematic review of low- and middle-income countries, including African nations, reported prevalence ranging from 15.9% to 86%, with the most frequent omissions related to care planning and physical needs ( 38 ). Taken together, these findings highlight that across African healthcare systems, missed nursing care is a common and systemic issue rather than an isolated phenomenon ( 34 ). While variations in prevalence may be attributed to differences in staffing, resources, and organizational context, the consistent omission of critical elements such as patient assessment, individualized interventions, and planning underscores the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to strengthen nursing care and safeguard patient outcomes ( 35 , 39 ). Among the subscales, “Intervention-Basic Care” showed the highest rate of missed care (67.6%), whereas “Patient Assessment” had the lowest. The findings from this study reveal a pattern of missed nursing care that is consistent with the growing body of international literature on the subject. The high prevalence of missed basic care, encompassing activities such as bathing, feeding, ambulation, and mouth care, aligns with studies conducted across diverse healthcare settings ( 40 ). The most frequently cited causes of missed basic care included insufficient staffing, high patient load, a lack of support personnel and resource constraints ( 41 ). These tasks are often time-consuming and require direct patient interaction, making them more susceptible to omission when nurses are under pressure ( 1 ). Also, a higher number of critically ill patients in ICUs can divert attention from routine care activities. In this study, “patient assessment” was the least frequently missed aspect of care. This may be attributed to the fact that nurses give particular attention to these tasks, as they are routinely recorded in the patient’s file and communicated during shift handovers ( 39 ). Furthermore, within nursing profession, laws, regulations, and professional guidelines are highly authoritative from the nurses’ perspective, and they feel obligated to adhere to them ( 1 ). Consequently, care activities that require documentation, such as those related to patient examination and assessment, are less likely to be neglected ( 20 ). The present study revealed that the overall mean score for factors contributing to missed nursing care represented a moderate to significant influence on missed care. In total, 70.7% of responses across the 17 items identified these factors as substantial contributors. Among these, “Material Resources” emerged as the most influential factor and “Labor Resources” was identified as the second most critical factor. These findings align with several studies in African and other low- and middle-income countries, where limited material and labor resources have consistently been reported as primary contributors to missed nursing care. For instance, research in Ethiopia and Nigeria emphasized that inadequate supplies, equipment shortages, and understaffing were strongly associated with care omissions ( 15 , 22 ). Likewise, systematic reviews in LMICs confirm that labor and material constraints are pervasive factors leading to incomplete or delayed care delivery ( 38 ). Conversely, some studies report variations in the relative influence of these factors. For example, in certain Kenyan hospitals, communication failures and coordination issues were found to be more prominent than material shortages, particularly in high-acuity units where teamwork and timely handover play a pivotal role ( 37 ). This discrepancy may reflect differences in organizational culture, resource allocation, and the specific clinical setting, highlighting that the hierarchy of contributing factors may be context-dependent ( 42 ). In conclusion, the underlying reasons for missed nursing care in this Nigerian ICU appear to stem less from individual negligence and more from the structural challenges of a resource-limited system. Confronted with heavy patient loads and insufficient access to essential supplies, nurses are compelled to make difficult prioritization decisions, which unavoidably lead to omissions in care. Our findings indicate that several demographic and occupational variables significantly influence missed nursing care. Younger nurses (< 25 years) reported higher levels of missed care, which may reflect their limited clinical experience and developing time-management skills. Nurses with shorter work experience (6 months to 2 years), however, demonstrated lower omissions when combined with job satisfaction and supportive teamwork, suggesting that early-career nurses can perform effectively if organizational support and mentorship are present ( 22 , 37 ). Job dissatisfaction and the intention to leave were strongly associated with increased missed care, highlighting the role of motivation and engagement in care delivery ( 34 , 38 ). Similarly, nurses working longer hours (> 30 hours/week) or with recent absenteeism reported higher care omissions, reinforcing evidence that fatigue and overload compromise task completion ( 23 , 43 ). Collectively, these findings emphasize that demographic variables such as age and experience interact with occupational factors, organizational support, and personal motivation to influence missed nursing care, highlighting opportunities for targeted interventions through mentorship, workload management, and fostering supportive team climates ( 37 , 38 , 44 ). Strengths of this study include: This study offers a comprehensive assessment of missed nursing care in Nigerian ICUs, employing a census approach that included all eligible nurses, which enhances representativeness and reduces sampling bias. The use of validated instruments, such as the MISSCARE questionnaire and Blackman’s factors questionnaire, ensures reliability and allows for comparison with international studies. By examining individual, organizational, and contextual contributors to missed care, the study provides a holistic understanding of the phenomenon. Focusing on ICUs, where patients are critically ill and care demands are high, adds relevance to patient safety and quality improvement. Additionally, the use of robust statistical analyses and adherence to ethical standards further strengthens the credibility of the findings. Research limitations include: Despite its strengths, the study has several limitations. Its cross-sectional design limits causal inferences, while reliance on self-reported data may introduce recall or social desirability bias. The findings are specific to selected hospitals in Abuja and may not generalize to other regions or healthcare settings. Potential confounding factors, such as patient acuity or real-time staffing levels, were not controlled for. Moreover, the study focuses solely on quantitative measures, missing qualitative insights into nurses’ experiences and coping strategies. Finally, the six-month data collection period may not capture seasonal or temporal variations in nursing workload and care omissions. Conclusions The present study highlights that missed nursing care is a prevalent and multifactorial issue in Nigerian ICUs, with a moderate overall level of care omissions. Key contributing factors include limited material and labor resources, high patient loads, and organizational challenges, rather than individual negligence. Demographic and occupational characteristics, such as younger age, limited experience, job dissatisfaction, and long working hours, were associated with higher missed care, while supportive teamwork, job satisfaction, and structured shift arrangements mitigated care omissions. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, including effective workload management, provision of adequate resources, mentorship for early-career nurses, and fostering a collaborative team environment. Addressing these systemic and organizational factors is essential to enhance patient safety, ensure comprehensive care, and improve the quality of nursing services in resource-constrained settings. Implications for nursing and health policy This study highlights that missed nursing care in resource-limited settings is largely driven by systemic and organizational factors, including inadequate staffing, material shortages, and high patient workload. Addressing these issues through targeted workforce planning, ensuring availability of essential resources, and optimizing shift scheduling can reduce care omissions. Moreover, demographic and occupational factors such as younger age, limited experience, job dissatisfaction, and excessive working hours underscore the need for structured mentorship, professional development, and supportive work environments to enhance nurse competence and engagement. At a policy level, integrating monitoring of missed care into quality improvement initiatives and implementing evidence-based workforce strategies can strengthen patient safety and overall care quality. Abbreviations ANOVA Analysis of Variances ICU Intensive Care Unit Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was conducted after receiving ethical approval from the Health Research Ethics Committee and authorization from the relevant authorities in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria (Code: FHREC/2024/01/79/28-03-24), a well-trained researcher introduced herself to the administrators of the selected hospitals. The researchers explained the study objectives to the nurses, emphasizing that participation was voluntary and that there would be no negative consequences for those who chose not to participate. All participants were assured of the confidentiality of their research information, and only the researchers would have access to the data. Informed consent was then obtained from all study participants. Finally, the results of the study were shared with the hospital involved in the study. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets can be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Competing Interests The authors declare no conflict of interests. Funding This study was funded by Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Authors' contributions Data collection: Fatima Muhammad Badamasi Data analysis: Fatima Muhammad Badamasi, Mohammad Javad Ahmadzadeh-Zeidi, Zahra Rooddehghan Manuscript writing: Mohammad Javad Ahmadzadeh-Zeidi, Zahra Rooddehghan Final approval: All authors. Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Health Research Ethics Committee in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria and all the nurses participated in this study for their support and cooperation. References Ahmadzadeh-Zeidi MJ, Rooddehghan Z, Haghani S. The relationship between work-family conflict and missed nursing care; a cross-sectional study in Iran. BMC nursing. 2024;23(1):869. Rahmah NM, Hariyati RTS, Sekarsari R, Pakasi T. The factor associated with missed nursing care in hospital: a systematic review. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022;10(F):563-70. Cho E, Lee N-J, Kim E-Y, Kim S, Lee K, Park K-O, et al. Nurse staffing level and overtime associated with patient safety, quality of care, and care left undone in hospitals: a cross-sectional study. International journal of nursing studies. 2016;60:263-71. Ebadi J, Najafi E, Aghamohammadi V, Saeeidi S, Nasiri K. Missed Nursing Care and Its Related Factors in Ardabil and Khalkhal Educational and Medical Centers in 2020. Journal of Health and Care. 2021;23(1):78-87. Alsubhi H, Meskell P, Shea DO, Doody O. Missed nursing care and nurses' intention to leave: An integrative review. Journal of nursing management. 2020;28(8):1830-40. Chegini Z, Jafari‐Koshki T, Kheiri M, Behforoz A, Aliyari S, Mitra U, et al. Missed nursing care and related factors in Iranian hospitals: A cross‐sectional survey. Journal of nursing management. 2020;28(8):2205-15. Khajooee R, Bagherian B, Dehghan M, Azizzadeh Forouzi M. Missed nursing care and its related factors from the points of view of nurses affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Journal of Hayat. 2019;25(1):11-24. Najafi F, Nikbakht Nasrabadi A, Mardanian Dehkordi L. Exploring the Lived Experience of Missed Nursing Care in Postgraduate Nursing Students in Iran. International Journal of Community Based Nursing Midwifery. 2021;9(1):44-54. Karimi H, Rooddehghan Z, Mohammadnejad E, Sayadi L, Haghani S. Causes Of Missed Nursing Care In Emergency Departments In Selected Hospitals Of Tehran University Of Medical Sciences: A Descriptive Study In Iran. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research (IJNR). 2021;16(14):51-60. Kalisch BJ, Xie B. Errors of omission: missed nursing care. Western journal of nursing research. 2014;36(7):875-90. Janatolmakan M, Khatony A. Explaining the consequences of missed nursing care from the perspective of nurses: a qualitative descriptive study in Iran. BMC nursing. 2022;21(1):59. Kalisch BJ, Tschannen D, Lee KH. Missed nursing care, staffing, and patient falls. Journal of nursing care quality. 2012;27(1):6-12. Tschannen D, Kalisch BJ, Lee KH. Missed nursing care: the impact on intention to leave and turnover. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive. 2010:22-39. Griffiths P, Recio‐Saucedo A, Dall'Ora C, Briggs J, Maruotti A, Meredith P, et al. The association between nurse staffing and omissions in nursing care: A systematic review. Journal of advanced nursing. 2018;74(7):1474-87. Abere Y, Ayenew YE, Aytenew TM, Erega BB, Yirga Gk, Ewunetu M, et al. Magnitude and reasons for missed nursing care among nurses working in South Gondar Zone public hospitals, Amhara regional state, Northcentral Ethiopia: institution-based cross-sectional study. BMC nursing. 2024;23(1):765. Khrais H, Alsadi M, Oweidat I, Ahmad M. Determinants of missed nursing care in Jordanian hospitals during COVID‐19 pandemic. Nursing Open. 2023;10(3):1565-73. Kalisch BJ, Lee KH. The impact of teamwork on missed nursing care. Nursing outlook. 2010;58(5):233-41. Voldbjerg SL, Ellehave SM, Poulsen I, Eekholm S, Grønkjær M, Kusk KH, et al. Hidden Factors of Limited Time and Busyness: A Qualitative, Multicentre Study of the Reasons for Missed Nursing Care. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2025;81(8):5027-37. Ahansaz N, Adib-Hajbaghery M, Baghaei R. Missed nursing care and its relationship with nurses’ moral sensitivity: a descriptive-analytical study. BMC nursing. 2024;23(1):169. Amini K, Khani Lehdarboni L, Hanifi N. Relationship between Ethical Climate and Missed Nursing Care from the Point of View of Patients with Cancer and Nurses Working in Oncology Wards of Zanjan and Rasht Cities. Journal of Health Care. 2022;24(2):95-107. Rezaee S, Baljani E, Feizi A. Missed Nursing Care In Educational, Private And Social Welfare Hospitals. Nursing Midwifery Journal. 2019;17(4):300-8. John ME, Mgbekem MA, Nsemo AD, Maxwell G. Missed nursing care, patient outcomes and care outcomes in selected hospitals in Southern Nigeria. nursing. 2016;152:81-7. Ausserhofer D, Zander B, Busse R, Schubert M, De Geest S, Rafferty AM, et al. Prevalence, patterns and predictors of nursing care left undone in European hospitals: results from the multicountry cross-sectional RN4CAST study. BMJ quality safety. 2014;23(2):126-35. Vatankhah I, Rezaei M, Baljani E. The correlation of missed nursing care and perceived supervisory support in nurses. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2020;33(126):103-16. Rooddehghan Z, Karimi H, Mohammadnejad E, Sayadi L, Haghani S, Karimi R. Missed nursing care in emergency departments: a cross-sectional descriptive study. BMC Emergency Medicine. 2024;24(1):22. Moreno-Monsiváis MG, Moreno-Rodríguez C, Interial-Guzmán MG. Missed nursing care in hospitalized patients. journal of Aquichan. 2015;15(3):318-28. Christensen M, Liang M. Critical care: A concept analysis. International journal of nursing sciences. 2023;10(3):403-13. Kalisch BJ, Williams RA. Development and psychometric testing of a tool to measure missed nursing care. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration. 2009;39(5):211-9. Blackman I, Henderson J, Willis E, Hamilton P, Toffoli L, Verrall C, et al. Factors influencing why nursing care is missed. Journal of clinical nursing. 2015;24(1-2):47-56. Kalisch BJ, Landstrom G, Williams RA. Missed nursing care: errors of omission. Nursing outlook. 2009;57(1):3-9. Chegini Z, Jafari‐Koshki T, Kheiri M, Behforoz A, Aliyari S, Mitra U, et al. Missed nursing care and related factors in Iranian hospitals: A cross‐sectional survey. Journal of nursing management. 2020;28(8):2205-15. Hernández-Cruz R, Moreno-Monsiváis MG, Cheverría-Rivera S, Díaz-Oviedo A. Factors influencing the missed nursing care in patients from a private hospital. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem. 2017;25:e2877. Animasahun KP, Omoniyi RT, Adeloye TR, Afolayan AA. Occurrence and causes of missed nursing care in Nigeria: A single-center cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Reports in Clinical Practice. 2025;3(6):542-52. Abere Y, Biresaw H, Misganaw M, Netsere B, Adal O. Missed nursing care and its associated factors in public hospitals of Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open. 2024;14(4):e081647. Kassahun CW, Endalkachew K, Mekonnen CK, Kassie H. Missed nursing care and associated factors among nurses at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, 2022. Scientific Reports. 2024;14(1):25571. Haile KE, Amsalu AA, Kassie GA, Asgedom YS, Chema TZ, Gebrekidan AY, et al. Missed nursing care and associated factors among Ethiopian nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC nursing. 2025;24(1):1043. Gathara D, Serem G, Murphy GAV, Obengo A, Tallam E, Jackson D, et al. Missed nursing care in newborn units: a cross-sectional direct observational study. BMJ quality & safety. 2020;29(1):19-30. Imam A, Obiesie S, Gathara D, Aluvaala J, Maina M, English M. Missed nursing care in acute care hospital settings in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Human resources for health. 2023;21(1):19. Ahmadzadeh-Zeidi MJ, Rooddehghan Z, Haghani S. The relationship between nurses’ professional commitment and missed nursing care: a cross-sectional study in Iran. BMC nursing. 2024;23(1):533. Ball JE, Bruyneel L, Aiken LH, Sermeus W, Sloane DM, Rafferty AM, et al. Post-operative mortality, missed care and nurse staffing in nine countries: A cross-sectional study. International journal of nursing studies. 2018;78:10-5. Alshammari B, Alsaleh GS, Alrasheeday A, Baghdadi N, Almalki N, Alshammari F, et al. Association Between Missed Nursing Care and Nurse Fatigue: A Cross-Sectional Correlational Study. Nursing Reports. 2025;15(8):298. Campagna S, Conti A, Clari M, Basso I, Sciannameo V, Di Giulio P, et al. Factors associated with missed nursing care in nursing homes: A multicentre cross-sectional study. International Journal of Health Policy Management. 2021;11(8):1334. Kalisch BJ, Landstrom GL, Hinshaw AS. Missed nursing care: a concept analysis. Journal of advanced nursing. 2009;65(7):1509-17. Aiken LH, Sloane DM, Bruyneel L, Van den Heede K, Griffiths P, Busse R, et al. Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: a retrospective observational study. The lancet. 2014;383(9931):1824-30. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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central concept that differentiates nursing from other health professions and is regarded as the essence of nursing, aligned with the four meta-paradigmatic concepts (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Providing high-quality care represents the primary goal of healthcare systems across the world. Strengthening patient safety plays a key role in avoiding adverse nursing outcomes and fulfilling quality targets (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Nurses, being the largest group of healthcare professionals, have a crucial role in maintaining patient safety and the quality of hospital care (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Ensuring safe and comprehensive care is a basic right of every hospitalized patient. Nevertheless, in some cases, specific care activities are not delivered (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMissed Nursing Care was firstly introduced by Kalisch in 2006 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). Missed nursing care has been defined as the partial or complete omission of essential patient care by nurses. It is regarded not only as a form of nursing error but also as a factor that may compromise patients\u0026rsquo; rights and place their rehabilitation and recovery at risk (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). Since nurses can only manage a limited number of responsibilities during a shift, they are often required to prioritize certain aspects of care. As a result, some care activities may be omitted while others are given priority, which can lead to missed care (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to several studies, factors such as nurses\u0026rsquo; inexperience (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e), prolonged involvement with patients (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e), ward overcrowding, unequal distribution of responsibilities, excessive tasks related to patient admission and discharge (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e) ,and the \u0026ldquo;it\u0026rsquo;s not my duty\u0026rdquo; attitude have been identified as contributors to missed nursing care (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e). From the nurses\u0026rsquo; perspective, some of the most frequent forms of missed care include lack of oral care, delays in administering medications at the appropriate time, neglecting patients\u0026rsquo; religious needs (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e), postponement of feeding, and the omission of patient education and discharge planning (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeveral studies have examined the causes and consequences of missed nursing care, as well as its impact on patient outcomes. These causes are generally categorized into individual, organizational, and contextual factors (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Among the individual factors, a heavy workload is one of the main contributors, as excessive responsibilities often create time constraints and limit the ability of nurses to deliver all required care. Lack of experience is another factor, since less experienced nurses may find it difficult to prioritize and manage their tasks effectively, leading to missed care. In addition, insufficient knowledge or skills necessary to perform certain care activities can also result in their omission (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e). Organizational factors contributing to missed nursing care include inadequate staffing levels, where low nurse-to-patient ratios and staff shortages increase the likelihood of care being omitted (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e). A lack of resources, such as limited access to essential equipment, supplies, or medications, can also hinder the delivery of care (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, poor interprofessional communication may lead to missed care when critical information required for patient management is unclear or unavailable (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e). Contextual factors also play a role in missed nursing care. Lack of effective teamwork and collaboration among healthcare professionals can interfere with task completion and increase the risk of omissions. A study on the relationship between nursing teamwork and missed nursing care found that teamwork explained about 9\u0026ndash;11% of the variance in missed care (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e). Also lack of time and busyness were reported as major reasons for missed nursing care from the nurses\u0026rsquo; perspective (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe rate of missed nursing care has been reported to range from 10% to 50% worldwide, depending on the research setting and the availability of financial and labor resources (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR20\" citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e). However, in a study by John et al. involving Nigerian nurses, this rate was found to be as high as 83.9% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e). A large multi-country cross-sectional study involving 33,659 nurses across 488 hospitals in 12 European countries found that the most frequently missed nursing care activities were taking time to rest or talk with patients (53%), developing or updating nursing care plans or methods (42%), and providing education to patients and their families (41%) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e). Such omissions can lead to adverse patient outcomes, including reduced satisfaction, re-hospitalization, medication errors (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e), and increased pain and discomfort (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe phenomenon of missed nursing care continues to pose a serious threat to the provision of comprehensive and safe nursing, endangering patient lives (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e). Identifying the types of missed care enables the development of effective strategies to ensure a continuous and high-quality care process (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e). Intensive Care Units provide specialized care to critically ill patients requiring continuous monitoring and complex interventions. Nurses in these settings are responsible for various tasks, including medication administration, ventilator management, infection control, and emotional support for patients and families (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e). High-quality nursing care is essential for patient safety, yet missed nursing care threatens care quality, particularly in critical care units. Nurses in specialized wards face high workload, complex patient needs, and resource constraints, increasing the risk of missed nursing care. Evidence from Nigeria shows a high prevalence of missed care, but localized data are still limited. assessing missed nursing care in abuja\u0026rsquo;s specialized units in 2024 is crucial to guide interventions for improving patient safety and nursing care quality in Nigeria.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eDesign and aim\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the factors associated with missed nursing care among nurses working in selected hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria. Data collection took place between December 2024 and May 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudy setting and participants\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study population included all nurses working in the selected hospitals in Abuja, specifically Garki Hospital and Wuse District Hospital. These hospitals were purposively chosen because they align with the study objectives and operate under official research ethics and healthcare regulations established by the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants were eligible if they met the following inclusion criteria: (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) willingness to participate in the study, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) possession of a bachelor\u0026rsquo;s degree in nursing or higher and current employment in intensive care units, and (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) a minimum of six months\u0026rsquo; experience working in intensive care units. Nurses who provided incomplete questionnaire responses were excluded from the study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSample size and power\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll eligible nurses were invited to participate in the study using a census sampling approach. A total of approximately 210 nurses agreed to participate, and after reviewing the completed questionnaires, 200 nurses who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the final analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInstruments\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe data for this study were collected using previously published, validated instruments: the MISSCARE Survey developed by Kalisch (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e), and the MISSCARE Survey Factors developed by Blackman et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e). These questionnaires have been widely used in nursing research to assess missed nursing care and its contributing factors. English versions of the instruments are cited in the references.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrior to conducting the study, permission was obtained from the developers of the original questionnaires. Data for this research were collected using a self-report method through the following questionnaires:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemographic and Anthropometric Information Questionnaire\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas used to collect information such as age, gender, marital status, employment status, work experience, education level, type of shift, and number of work shifts per month.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMISSCARE Survey (Part A)\u003c/b\u003e: which was designed by Kalisch in 2006 to determine the items of missed nursing care and was psychometrically evaluated by the same researcher in 2009 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cb\u003ePart A\u003c/b\u003e of this Questionnaire deals with the factors related to missed nursing care, which includes 24 nursing activities that are usually performed in each nursing shift (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e). This questionnaire has four subscales, which includes Assessment (8 items: e.g., Monitoring intake/output, Vital signs assessed as ordered), Interventions-Individual needs (6 items: e.g., assess effectiveness of medications, response to call light is provided within 5 minutes), Interventions-Basic Care (7 items: e.g., feeding patient when the food is still warm, patient bathing/skin care) and planning (3 items: e.g., Patient teaching, ensuring discharge planning). The answer to each item of this questionnaire is on a 5-point Likert scale including: never missed (score 1) to always missed (score 5) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e). Scores of this questionnaire varies between 24 and 120, and a higher score indicates higher missed care (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). The reliability of this questionnaire was calculated as 0.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.88 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient during various research (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMISSCARE Survey Factors (Part B)\u003c/b\u003e: Developed by Blackman et al. in 2014 in Australia to assess factors contributing to missed nursing care. This 17-item questionnaire comprises three subscales: labor resources (9 items, Items: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, 16, 17, for example: unbalanced patient assignments, inadequate staffing levels, urgent patient situations, and high patient turnover), material resources (3 items, Items: 6, 9, 10, for example: Medications not available when needed, Supplies/equipment is not functioning properly when needed), and communication (5 items, Items: 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, for example: Tension or communication breakdowns within the nursing team, Tension or communication breakdowns with other ancillary/support departments) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e). In this section, the nurses were asked to rate each item with a 4-point Likert scale (1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;not a reason, 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;minor, 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;moderate, and 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;significant reason) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e). A higher score indicated the greater importance of that item in the missed care. The reliability of this questionnaire was calculated as 0.90 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e). The reliability analysis demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficients of 0.737 for communication, 0.771 for labor resources, and 0.734 for material resources during this study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eData collection\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e for the study was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee, and authorization was granted by the relevant authorities in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria (Code: FHREC/2024/01/79/28-03-24). The lead researcher, Fatima Muhammad Badamasi, introduced herself to the directors of the selected hospitals. Questionnaires were distributed using a census approach. At an appropriate time and location, the researcher explained the study objectives to eligible nurses according to the inclusion criteria and obtained their written informed consent. Participants were given three days to complete the questionnaires to provide flexibility. The researcher emphasized the importance of providing honest and thoughtful responses and, where possible, offered a quiet environment to enhance accuracy. Participants were also assured that all information would remain confidential and accessible only to the research team. The estimated time to complete the questionnaires was communicated as approximately 15 to 20 minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eData were analyzed using SPSS software version 25. First, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was conducted to assess the normality of the data. Once the data distribution was confirmed as normal, descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were utilized for evaluation. Additionally, inferential statistics including the independent t-test and ANOVA were performed. A significance level of p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEthical considerations\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Following this approval, a well-trained researcher introduced herself to the administrators of the selected hospitals. The researchers explained the study objectives to the nurses, emphasizing that participation was voluntary and that there would be no negative consequences for those who chose not to participate. All participants were assured of the confidentiality of their research information, and only the researchers would have access to the data. Informed consent was then obtained from all study participants. Finally, the results of the study were shared with the hospital involved in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eOut of approximately 210 distributed questionnaires, 200 participants who completed all three instruments were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 29.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.22 years, and the majority were female (73.5%). Most participants (190 nurses; 95.0%) held a bachelor\u0026rsquo;s degree, and more than 92% reported no intention of leaving their current position. Additional demographic information is provided in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDemographic characteristics of the nurses participating in the study (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;200)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNumber (%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47 (23.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e91 (45.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u0026ndash;44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62 (31.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53 (26.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e147 (73.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducation level\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBachelor\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e190 (95.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaster\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10 (5.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eType of shift\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94 (47.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDay\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48 (24.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEvening\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40 (20.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNight\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17 (8.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlan on leaving current position\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo intention\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e185 (92.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn next year\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15 (7.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMissed shifts/days in past 3 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61 (30.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59 (29.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 and more\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80 (40.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOvertime hours per week\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53 (26.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e89 (44.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58 (29.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWorking experience in current role\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 month-2 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63 (31.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;5 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92 (46.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45 (22.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCurrent position satisfaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97 (48.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85 (42.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDissatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18 (9.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSatisfaction of teamwork\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72 (36.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e109 (54.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDissatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19 (9.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSatisfaction of being a nurse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74 (31.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e109 (54.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDissatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17 (8.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWorking hours per week\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65 (32.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135 (67.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD score for items related to missed nursing care was 62.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.45 (equivalent to 2.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.52 on a 1\u0026ndash;5 scale). Although the original version of the questionnaire does not specify cut-off points, findings from similar studies suggest that these mean scores generally reflect a moderate level of missed nursing care (62.4%). Among the subscales, \u0026ldquo;Intervention-Basic Care\u0026rdquo; showed the highest rate of missed care (67.6%) (mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD: 2.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.74), whereas \u0026ldquo;Patient Assessment\u0026rdquo; had the lowest (58.2%) (mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD: 2.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.62). In this study, \u0026ldquo;Emotional Support to the Patient and/or Family (79.4%)\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Patient bathing/skin care (72.4%)\u0026rdquo; represented the most frequently missed aspect of care while \u0026ldquo;Hand Washing (32.6%)\u0026rdquo; was identified as the least missed. Further details are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDescriptive frequency of subscales related to missed nursing care among nurses\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMissed Nursing Care And Its Subscales\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emin\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emax\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOn 1\u0026ndash;5 basis score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePercentage of missed care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePatient Assessment\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR9 CR10 CR11 CR12 CR13 CR14 CR15 CR16 CR17 CR18 CR19 CR20 CR21 CR22 CR23 CR24 CR25 CR26 CR27 CR28 CR29 CR30 CR31 CR32 CR33 CR34 CR35 CR36 CR37 CR38 CR39\" citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.2%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntervention-Individual Needs\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR7 CR8 CR9 CR10 CR11 CR12 CR13 CR14 CR15 CR16 CR17 CR18 CR19 CR20 CR21 CR22 CR23 CR24 CR25 CR26 CR27 CR28 CR29\" citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63.5%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntervention-Basic Care\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR8 CR9 CR10 CR11 CR12 CR13 CR14 CR15 CR16 CR17 CR18 CR19 CR20 CR21 CR22 CR23 CR24 CR25 CR26 CR27 CR28 CR29 CR30 CR31 CR32 CR33 CR34\" citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.74\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.6%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlanning\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR4 CR5 CR6 CR7 CR8 CR9 CR10 CR11 CR12 CR13 CR14\" citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.09\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.5%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal Missed Nursing Care (24\u0026ndash;120)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62.4%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe overall mean score for all reasons was 2.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58, indicating that, on average, the listed factors were between a \"Moderate\" and \"Significant\" cause of missed care. Collectively, 70.7% of all responses across the 17 items affirmed these elements as substantial reasons for care being omitted. Among the reasons associated with missed nursing care, \u0026ldquo;Material Resources\u0026rdquo; emerged as the most potent contributing factor, with the highest mean score of 3.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.76. A striking 83.2% of nursing staff identified issues within this as a moderate or significant reason for care omissions. \u0026ldquo;Labor resources\u0026rdquo; was the second most significant factor, with a mean score of 3.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.66. On average, 73.0% of responses cited this reason as key contributors to missed care. \u0026ldquo;Communication\u0026rdquo; was also a notable barrier, though its perceived influence was lower than the other two domains, with a mean score of 2.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.65. Approximately 58.9% of staff reported communication breakdowns, as a moderate or significant cause. Further details are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDescriptive frequency of subscales related to reasons for missed nursing care among nurses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eReasons associated with Missed Nursing Care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emin\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emax\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOn 1\u0026ndash;5 basis score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePercentage of each reason\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCommunication\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR6 CR7 CR8 CR9 CR10 CR11 CR12 CR13 CR14 CR15 CR16 CR17 CR18 CR19\" citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.9%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaterial Resources\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR4 CR5 CR6 CR7 CR8 CR9 CR10 CR11\" citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e83.2%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLabor resources\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR10 CR11 CR12 CR13 CR14 CR15 CR16 CR17 CR18 CR19 CR20 CR21 CR22 CR23 CR24 CR25 CR26 CR27 CR28 CR29 CR30 CR31 CR32 CR33 CR34 CR35\" citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73.0%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal Reasons For Missed Nursing Care (17\u0026ndash;68)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.7%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe main factors contributing to missed nursing care were inadequate staffing (88.9%) and unavailability of medications (86.4%), while heavy admission/discharge workload and lack of support or communication from team members and other departments were also frequently reported. The reporting of these percentages by nurses indicates that they consider this proportion of the factor to be involved in the occurrence of missed nursing care. Additional information is provided in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDescriptive frequency of perceived reasons for missed nursing care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eReasons Related To Missed Nursing Care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcceptance\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInadequate number of staff\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e88.9%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUrgent patient situations (e.g. worsening patient condition)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69.4%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnexpected rise in patient volume and/or acuity on the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eward/Unit\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.4%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInadequate number of assistive and/or clerical personnel\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(e.g. care assistants, ward clerks, porters)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71.8%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnbalanced patient assignment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.8%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedications not available when needed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.4%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInadequate handover from previous shift or patient transfers into ward/Unit\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65.9%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther departments did not provide the care needed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(e.g. physiotherapy did not ambulate)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.3%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSupplies/equipment is not available when needed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.4%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSupplies/equipment is not functioning properly when needed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78.8%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLack of back up support from team members\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66.3%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTension or communication breakdowns with other ancillary/support departments\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.8%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTension or communication breakdowns within the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enursing team\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66.4%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTension or communication breakdowns with the medical staff\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.8%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNursing assistant/carer did not communicate that care was not provided\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.8%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNurse/carer assigned to patient off ward/Unit or unavailable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.9%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeavy admission and discharge activity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80.9%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResults from ANOVA and independent t-tests indicated significant differences in missed nursing care across several demographic and occupational variables. Nurses younger than 25 years, those intending to leave their current position within the next year, nurses who had missed two or more shifts or days during the past three months, those dissatisfied with their current position, and those working more than 30 hours per week reported higher levels of missed nursing care compared to their colleagues. In contrast, lower levels of missed nursing care were observed among nurses working evening shifts, those with 6 months to 2 years of work experience, and nurses who expressed satisfaction with their current position, teamwork, and the nursing profession itself. Further details are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe relationship between demographic characteristics of participants with subscales related to missed nursing care (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;200).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMissed nursing care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDemographic Characteristics\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatient Assessment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntervention Individual Needs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntervention Basic Care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlanning\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverall missed nursing care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge\u003csup\u003e①\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.74\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73.13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;65.77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u0026ndash;44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.84\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTest result\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.37\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.37\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.136\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.38\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.16\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGender\u003csup\u003e②\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.44 \u0026plusmn; 1.99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTest result\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.087\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.09\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.277\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.187\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.10\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.036\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.111\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducation level\u003csup\u003e②\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBachelor\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaster\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;21.63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTest result\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.152\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.84\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.066\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.88\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.393\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.134\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.57\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.118\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eType of shift\u003csup\u003e①\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDay\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.46 \u0026plusmn; 7.63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20.55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEvening\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.80\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNight\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTest result\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.58\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10.50\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.97\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12.51\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10.48\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlan on leaving current position\u003csup\u003e②\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo intention\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.80\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27.90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn next year\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20..04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTest result\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.03\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.043\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.43\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.55\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.86\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.064\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.02\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMissed shifts/days in past 3 months\u003csup\u003e①\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.82\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 or more\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTest result\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.25\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.172\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.84\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.140\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.98\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.126\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.66\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.049\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWorking experience in current role\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(ICU) \u003csup\u003e①\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 month-2 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.86\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;5 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5 year\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTest result\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.212\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.349\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.88\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.114\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.140\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.73\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.044\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCurrent position satisfaction\u003csup\u003e①\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.53\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.09\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.85\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDissatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTest result\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12.08\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.63\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.11\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11.36\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSatisfaction of teamwork\u003csup\u003e①\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDissatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTest result\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;21.34\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;20.35\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;28.36\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;22.45\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;27.55\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSatisfaction of being a nurse\u003csup\u003e①\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;21.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.08\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDissatisfied\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.80\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTest result\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.69\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.186\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.91\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.35\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.09\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.048\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.63\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWorking hours per week \u003csup\u003e②\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;405\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTest result\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003et=-4.09\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003et=-3.95\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003et=-4.92\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003et=-4.60\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003et=-4.65\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study was conducted in order to Determining Factors of Missed Nursing Care in Selected Hospital of Abuja City, Nigeria in 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe findings of the present study revealed a moderate level of missed nursing care among Nigerian nurses, which is generally consistent with results reported in other African countries. In Nigeria, the prevalence of missed nursing care has been reported at varying levels, ranging from about 33% in a single-center study to as high as 83.9% in a multicenter survey, where the most frequently omitted activities included hygiene care, religious support, pain assessment, and patient education (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe present study\u0026rsquo;s findings are consistent with research from several African countries, where missed nursing care has been reported at moderate to high levels. In Ethiopia, prevalence rates have ranged from 46.3% in Tigray hospitals (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e) to 62.5% in Gondar (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e), with some studies showing levels above 50% and even up to 76.1% in specific settings (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e). Similar results have been observed elsewhere in Africa. For example, in Kenya, an observational study in neonatal units revealed that only 60% of essential nursing tasks were completed and just 14% of newborns received at least 80% of required care (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e). At a broader level, a systematic review of low- and middle-income countries, including African nations, reported prevalence ranging from 15.9% to 86%, with the most frequent omissions related to care planning and physical needs (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTaken together, these findings highlight that across African healthcare systems, missed nursing care is a common and systemic issue rather than an isolated phenomenon (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e). While variations in prevalence may be attributed to differences in staffing, resources, and organizational context, the consistent omission of critical elements such as patient assessment, individualized interventions, and planning underscores the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to strengthen nursing care and safeguard patient outcomes (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmong the subscales, \u0026ldquo;Intervention-Basic Care\u0026rdquo; showed the highest rate of missed care (67.6%), whereas \u0026ldquo;Patient Assessment\u0026rdquo; had the lowest. The findings from this study reveal a pattern of missed nursing care that is consistent with the growing body of international literature on the subject. The high prevalence of missed basic care, encompassing activities such as bathing, feeding, ambulation, and mouth care, aligns with studies conducted across diverse healthcare settings (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e). The most frequently cited causes of missed basic care included insufficient staffing, high patient load, a lack of support personnel and resource constraints (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e). These tasks are often time-consuming and require direct patient interaction, making them more susceptible to omission when nurses are under pressure (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Also, a higher number of critically ill patients in ICUs can divert attention from routine care activities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this study, \u0026ldquo;patient assessment\u0026rdquo; was the least frequently missed aspect of care. This may be attributed to the fact that nurses give particular attention to these tasks, as they are routinely recorded in the patient\u0026rsquo;s file and communicated during shift handovers (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, within nursing profession, laws, regulations, and professional guidelines are highly authoritative from the nurses\u0026rsquo; perspective, and they feel obligated to adhere to them (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Consequently, care activities that require documentation, such as those related to patient examination and assessment, are less likely to be neglected (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe present study revealed that the overall mean score for factors contributing to missed nursing care represented a moderate to significant influence on missed care. In total, 70.7% of responses across the 17 items identified these factors as substantial contributors. Among these, \u0026ldquo;Material Resources\u0026rdquo; emerged as the most influential factor and \u0026ldquo;Labor Resources\u0026rdquo; was identified as the second most critical factor.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese findings align with several studies in African and other low- and middle-income countries, where limited material and labor resources have consistently been reported as primary contributors to missed nursing care. For instance, research in Ethiopia and Nigeria emphasized that inadequate supplies, equipment shortages, and understaffing were strongly associated with care omissions (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e). Likewise, systematic reviews in LMICs confirm that labor and material constraints are pervasive factors leading to incomplete or delayed care delivery (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConversely, some studies report variations in the relative influence of these factors. For example, in certain Kenyan hospitals, communication failures and coordination issues were found to be more prominent than material shortages, particularly in high-acuity units where teamwork and timely handover play a pivotal role (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e). This discrepancy may reflect differences in organizational culture, resource allocation, and the specific clinical setting, highlighting that the hierarchy of contributing factors may be context-dependent (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, the underlying reasons for missed nursing care in this Nigerian ICU appear to stem less from individual negligence and more from the structural challenges of a resource-limited system. Confronted with heavy patient loads and insufficient access to essential supplies, nurses are compelled to make difficult prioritization decisions, which unavoidably lead to omissions in care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOur findings indicate that several demographic and occupational variables significantly influence missed nursing care. Younger nurses (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;25 years) reported higher levels of missed care, which may reflect their limited clinical experience and developing time-management skills. Nurses with shorter work experience (6 months to 2 years), however, demonstrated lower omissions when combined with job satisfaction and supportive teamwork, suggesting that early-career nurses can perform effectively if organizational support and mentorship are present (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e). Job dissatisfaction and the intention to leave were strongly associated with increased missed care, highlighting the role of motivation and engagement in care delivery (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, nurses working longer hours (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;30 hours/week) or with recent absenteeism reported higher care omissions, reinforcing evidence that fatigue and overload compromise task completion (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e). Collectively, these findings emphasize that demographic variables such as age and experience interact with occupational factors, organizational support, and personal motivation to influence missed nursing care, highlighting opportunities for targeted interventions through mentorship, workload management, and fostering supportive team climates (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStrengths of this study include:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study offers a comprehensive assessment of missed nursing care in Nigerian ICUs, employing a census approach that included all eligible nurses, which enhances representativeness and reduces sampling bias. The use of validated instruments, such as the MISSCARE questionnaire and Blackman\u0026rsquo;s factors questionnaire, ensures reliability and allows for comparison with international studies. By examining individual, organizational, and contextual contributors to missed care, the study provides a holistic understanding of the phenomenon. Focusing on ICUs, where patients are critically ill and care demands are high, adds relevance to patient safety and quality improvement. Additionally, the use of robust statistical analyses and adherence to ethical standards further strengthens the credibility of the findings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eResearch limitations include:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite its strengths, the study has several limitations. Its cross-sectional design limits causal inferences, while reliance on self-reported data may introduce recall or social desirability bias. The findings are specific to selected hospitals in Abuja and may not generalize to other regions or healthcare settings. Potential confounding factors, such as patient acuity or real-time staffing levels, were not controlled for. Moreover, the study focuses solely on quantitative measures, missing qualitative insights into nurses\u0026rsquo; experiences and coping strategies. Finally, the six-month data collection period may not capture seasonal or temporal variations in nursing workload and care omissions.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study highlights that missed nursing care is a prevalent and multifactorial issue in Nigerian ICUs, with a moderate overall level of care omissions. Key contributing factors include limited material and labor resources, high patient loads, and organizational challenges, rather than individual negligence. Demographic and occupational characteristics, such as younger age, limited experience, job dissatisfaction, and long working hours, were associated with higher missed care, while supportive teamwork, job satisfaction, and structured shift arrangements mitigated care omissions. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, including effective workload management, provision of adequate resources, mentorship for early-career nurses, and fostering a collaborative team environment. Addressing these systemic and organizational factors is essential to enhance patient safety, ensure comprehensive care, and improve the quality of nursing services in resource-constrained settings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eImplications for nursing and health policy\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study highlights that missed nursing care in resource-limited settings is largely driven by systemic and organizational factors, including inadequate staffing, material shortages, and high patient workload. Addressing these issues through targeted workforce planning, ensuring availability of essential resources, and optimizing shift scheduling can reduce care omissions. Moreover, demographic and occupational factors such as younger age, limited experience, job dissatisfaction, and excessive working hours underscore the need for structured mentorship, professional development, and supportive work environments to enhance nurse competence and engagement. At a policy level, integrating monitoring of missed care into quality improvement initiatives and implementing evidence-based workforce strategies can strengthen patient safety and overall care quality.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eANOVA\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnalysis of Variances\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eICU\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntensive Care Unit\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003eThis study was conducted after receiving ethical approval from the Health Research Ethics Committee and authorization from the relevant authorities in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria (Code: FHREC/2024/01/79/28-03-24), a well-trained researcher introduced herself to the administrators of the selected hospitals. The researchers explained the study objectives to the nurses, emphasizing that participation was voluntary and that there would be no negative consequences for those who chose not to participate. All participants were assured of the confidentiality of their research information, and only the researchers would have access to the data. Informed consent was then obtained from all study participants. Finally, the results of the study were shared with the hospital involved in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets can be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no conflict of interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFunding\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was funded by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributions\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData collection: Fatima Muhammad Badamasi\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData analysis: Fatima Muhammad Badamasi, Mohammad Javad Ahmadzadeh-Zeidi, Zahra Rooddehghan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eManuscript writing: Mohammad Javad Ahmadzadeh-Zeidi, Zahra Rooddehghan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinal approval: All authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to express their gratitude to the Health Research Ethics Committee in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria and all the nurses participated in this study for their support and cooperation.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAhmadzadeh-Zeidi MJ, Rooddehghan Z, Haghani S. 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Missed nursing care in acute care hospital settings in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Human resources for health. 2023;21(1):19.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAhmadzadeh-Zeidi MJ, Rooddehghan Z, Haghani S. The relationship between nurses\u0026rsquo; professional commitment and missed nursing care: a cross-sectional study in Iran. BMC nursing. 2024;23(1):533.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBall JE, Bruyneel L, Aiken LH, Sermeus W, Sloane DM, Rafferty AM, et al. Post-operative mortality, missed care and nurse staffing in nine countries: A cross-sectional study. International journal of nursing studies. 2018;78:10-5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlshammari B, Alsaleh GS, Alrasheeday A, Baghdadi N, Almalki N, Alshammari F, et al. Association Between Missed Nursing Care and Nurse Fatigue: A Cross-Sectional Correlational Study. Nursing Reports. 2025;15(8):298.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCampagna S, Conti A, Clari M, Basso I, Sciannameo V, Di Giulio P, et al. Factors associated with missed nursing care in nursing homes: A multicentre cross-sectional study. International Journal of Health Policy Management. 2021;11(8):1334.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKalisch BJ, Landstrom GL, Hinshaw AS. Missed nursing care: a concept analysis. Journal of advanced nursing. 2009;65(7):1509-17.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAiken LH, Sloane DM, Bruyneel L, Van den Heede K, Griffiths P, Busse R, et al. Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: a retrospective observational study. The lancet. 2014;383(9931):1824-30.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nursing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nurs","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nursing](http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nurs/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nursing","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Missed Nursing Care, Care Omissions, Intensive Care Units, Nigeria, Patient Safety, Nurse, Medical Errors","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7613220/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7613220/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground \u0026amp; Aims:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMissed nursing care refers to the partial or complete omission of essential patient care by nurses, which can compromise patient safety and outcomes. High-quality nursing care is crucial, yet various factors increase the risk of missed nursing care, particularly in critical care units. Assessing missed nursing care in these units is essential to guide interventions aimed at improving patient safety and nursing care quality.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMaterials \u0026amp; Methods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 ICU nurses working in two selected hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria from December 2024 to May 2025. The research samples were included in the study in a census sampling method after obtaining the necessary organizational permits, ethical approvals, and informed consent. Data were collected using three questionnaires including Demographic information form and part A and B of MISSCARE questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as independent t-test and ANOVA in SPSS software, version 25.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe overall mean score for missed nursing care indicated a moderate level (62.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.45; 2.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.52 on a 1\u0026ndash;5 scale). \u0026ldquo;Intervention-Basic Care\u0026rdquo; was the most frequently missed subscale (67.6%), while \u0026ldquo;Patient Assessment\u0026rdquo; was the least missed (58.2%). Material and labor resources emerged as the most perceived factors contributing to missed care (83.2% and 73.0% respectively). Younger nurses, those with job dissatisfaction, longer working hours, or recent absenteeism reported higher levels of missed care, whereas evening shift nurses and those satisfied with their position and teamwork showed lower omissions (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMissed nursing care in Nigerian ICUs is primarily driven by systemic and organizational challenges rather than individual negligence. Addressing resource limitations, optimizing workload, providing mentorship, and fostering teamwork are essential to reduce care omissions, enhance patient safety, and improve the quality of nursing services in critical care settings.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Assessing the Determinants of Missed Nursing Care in Selected Hospital of Abuja City in 2025: A Cross-Sectional Study in Nigeria","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-28 16:40:09","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7613220/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-21T19:56:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-16T22:26:54+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"319737488903575301727020003193783449436","date":"2025-11-16T14:21:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"60944963970732037627882084838330930603","date":"2025-11-16T12:14:54+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"170430636203671383765194135575424758501","date":"2025-10-18T06:05:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-14T18:00:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-13T11:31:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-24T18:41:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-21T19:04:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Nursing","date":"2025-09-21T19:00:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nursing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nurs","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nursing](http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nurs/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nursing","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f4d394d3-65d9-42be-a085-46763faa732a","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-28T16:40:09+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-28 16:40:09","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7613220","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7613220","identity":"rs-7613220","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}