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The paper studies a method to rapidly detect and measure synchronous machine speed changes using electrical quantities available to power system operators, motivated by reduced system inertia and the need for frequency containment services. Using event recorder transients from bulk generation and accompanying Matlab simulations, the authors develop a technique that uses machine angular acceleration as a proxy for ROCOF, computed on significantly shorter timescales than conventional frequency estimation. They account for impacts of synchronous machine internal power losses and changes in stored magnetic energy, and evaluate the method on transients caused by faults and loss of generation, while discussing how it could be combined with conventional frequency estimation for real-time or wide-area deployment. This paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.
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Rapid Detection of Synchronous Machine Speed from Electrical Quantities for Triggering Inertia Services | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 12 December 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Rapid Detection of Synchronous Machine Speed from Electrical Quantities for Triggering Inertia Services Authors : Robert Best 0000-0001-7910-3018 [email protected] and David Laverty 0000-0002-5697-0546 Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176553447.76495758/v1 113 views 115 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract As power systems become more dynamic, due to less power system inertia, increasingly sophisticated methods are required to provide frequency containment services. This paper focuses on a technique for rapidly detecting and measuring synchronous machine speed changes. The primary applications of this work are the triggering of inertia services, such as battery energy storage systems, and the validation of the power system’s response to faults. The method employs electrical measurements readily available to system operators. Analysis of transients captured by event recorders at bulk generation and an accompanying simulation with Matlab are used to develop and validate the technique. The work includes the impact of synchronous machine internal power losses and changes in stored magnetic energy. Machine angular acceleration is employed as a proxy for rate-of-change-of-frequency (ROCOF) and calculated on significantly shorter timescales than conventional estimation methods. The technique is used to analyze system transients caused by faults and loss of generation. Approaches for combining the technique with conventional frequency estimation for implementation in real-time or wide-area deployments are discussed. Supplementary Material File (rapid detection of synchronous machine speed change (2025-11-12 - dml-rjb).docx) Download 4.29 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 12 December 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords ac machines frequency estimation phasor measurement power system dynamic stability power system faults power system transients renewable energy sources Authors Affiliations Robert Best 0000-0001-7910-3018 [email protected] Queen's University Belfast View all articles by this author David Laverty 0000-0002-5697-0546 Queen's University Belfast View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 113 views 115 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Robert Best, David Laverty. Rapid Detection of Synchronous Machine Speed from Electrical Quantities for Triggering Inertia Services. Authorea . 12 December 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176553447.76495758/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. 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