Programming Languages for AI Readiness and Creativity Enhancement in Education: A Systematic Literature Review

Programming Languages for AI Readiness and Creativity Enhancement in Education: A Systematic Literature Review | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Systematic Review Programming Languages for AI Readiness and Creativity Enhancement in Education: A Systematic Literature Review Joko Saefan, Siti Wahyuni, Bambang Subali, Hartono This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7428847/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) readiness and creativity enhancement are central goals of 21st-century education, yet the research landscape regarding effective programming languages and learning approaches to achieve them remains fragmented. This systematic literature review, maps the empirical evidence from 24 peer-reviewed studies (2022-2025) selected from the Scopus and ERIC databases. The analysis reveals that the effectiveness of a programming language is not inherent but is critically determined by pedagogical design. These are particularly long-term intervention duration and an authentic project-based orientation. A complex relationship between the two outcomes was found, block-based environments in contextual projects emerge as an ideal nexus for fostering AI readiness while formally measuring creativity at the foundational level. Conversely, at the higher education level, a focus on deep AI readiness tends to be accompanied by more holistic and less measured reporting of creativity. The primary contribution of this review is a two-dimensional classification framework for programming languages and pedagogical approaches, which serves as a strategic map for educators and curriculum designers. This framework provides guidance for aligning tools and methods with specific learning goals. whether optimizing for measurable creativity or deep technical readiness, the guidance is more effectively prepare students for the AI era. Educational Philosophy and Theory AI readiness creativity programming education programming languages learning approaches Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files include.xlsx the supplementary SLR dataset provided for review Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7428847","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Systematic Review","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":503841472,"identity":"0e5731d4-a7f1-4640-a520-9c1ff1915067","order_by":0,"name":"Joko 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