Tunable Gemini Surfactant-Assisted Metal Oxide Photocatalysts for Efficient Visible-Light Degradation of Direct Green 6 Dye

Tunable Gemini Surfactant-Assisted Metal Oxide Photocatalysts for Efficient Visible-Light Degradation of Direct Green 6 Dye | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Tunable Gemini Surfactant-Assisted Metal Oxide Photocatalysts for Efficient Visible-Light Degradation of Direct Green 6 Dye Kaleeswari Vijayaanand, Geetha Das, Benjamin Moses Filip Jones, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9079394/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 24 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this work, a simple and competent technique employing a gemini surfactant with different molar concentrations was developed via a hydrothermal method, and its photocatalytic performance towards the degradation of Direct green 6 (DG 6) as investigated for the first time. The crystal phase, optical behavior, surface morphology, and absorption features were systematically examined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV–diffused reflectance spectra (UV–DRS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform- Infrared (FT-IR), respectively. Among the synthesized samples, the 0.05M GS@Mn 5 O 8 (Gemini surfactant stabilized Mn 5 O 8 ) photocatalyst exhibited superior performance compared to the other photocatalysts. The optimized 0.05M GS@Mn 5 O 8 photocatalyst achieved a high dye degradation efficiency of up to 97% indicating its strong potential for wastewater treatment applications. The results demonstrate that different molar concentrations of the Gemini surfactant 0.05M loaded on Mn 5 O 8 exhibit superior photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the photocatalyst can be easily recovered and reused over multiple cycles, providing a simple and efficient approach for effective photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants. Manganese oxide (Mn5O8) Gemini surfactant Photocatalysis Direct green 6 dye solution Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 06 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 01 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 27 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 25 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 23 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 17 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 17 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 16 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 16 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 14 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 13 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 13 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 13 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 10 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9079394","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":606435921,"identity":"bd50526c-e412-4563-bffa-dad9f1921cc0","order_by":0,"name":"Kaleeswari Vijayaanand","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kaleeswari","middleName":"","lastName":"Vijayaanand","suffix":""},{"id":606435922,"identity":"f3813c86-bee7-4e08-bee7-b58352b1f6b0","order_by":1,"name":"Geetha Das","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Geetha","middleName":"","lastName":"Das","suffix":""},{"id":606435923,"identity":"def4fbcf-6e60-4437-910b-14736e6655d3","order_by":2,"name":"Benjamin Moses Filip Jones","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"V.H.N. 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The crystal phase, optical behavior, surface morphology, and absorption features were systematically examined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV\u0026ndash;diffused reflectance spectra (UV\u0026ndash;DRS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform- Infrared (FT-IR), respectively. Among the synthesized samples, the 0.05M GS@Mn\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e (Gemini surfactant stabilized Mn\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e) photocatalyst exhibited superior performance compared to the other photocatalysts. The optimized 0.05M GS@Mn\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e photocatalyst achieved a high dye degradation efficiency of up to 97% indicating its strong potential for wastewater treatment applications. 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