Influence of Rice Husk Ash on the Properties of Dynamically Cured ENR/TPS Biocomposites

Influence of Rice Husk Ash on the Properties of Dynamically Cured ENR/TPS Biocomposites | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Influence of Rice Husk Ash on the Properties of Dynamically Cured ENR/TPS Biocomposites Siriporn Buakaew, Skulrat Pichaiyut, Nattapon Uthaipan, Charoen Nakason This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6298303/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Polymer Bulletin → Version 1 posted 17 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study investigates the influence of rice husk ash (RHA) on the properties of dynamically cured epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) biocomposites. ENR/TPS blends were prepared at a 50/50 weight ratio, incorporating RHA as a reinforcing filler at varying loadings (10–50 phr). The results revealed that the addition of RHA enhanced tensile strength and modulus, with optimal reinforcement observed at 20 to 30 phr. However, excessive RHA content led to filler agglomeration, reducin g mechanical performance. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR) indicated that thermal stability increased with RHA content up to 20 phr; however, a decreasing trend was observed with further increases in RHA loading, particularly in the degradation of TPS and ENR components. Biodegradability assessments through soil burial and accelerated weathering tests demonstrated that composites with higher RHA content exhibited greater weight loss, confirming enhanced envi ronmental degradation. Morphological analysis revealed a phase-separated sea-island structure, with RHA particles distributed within both the ENR and TPS phases, as well as at their interfacial regions. The study highlights the potential of RHA as an eco-friendly filler that enhances mechanical properties while promoting biodegradability, making ENR/TPS biocomposites suitable for sustainable material applications. Rice husk ash (RHA) Biocomposites Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) Thermoplastic starch (TPS) Dynamic vulcanization (DV) Thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Polymer Bulletin → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 22 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 29 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 01 Apr, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 27 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 26 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 24 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6298303","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":441840971,"identity":"ac0063aa-b27d-4748-8728-486a948b6380","order_by":0,"name":"Siriporn Buakaew","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Prince of Songkla University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Siriporn","middleName":"","lastName":"Buakaew","suffix":""},{"id":441840972,"identity":"1366a961-a884-47a9-b5e4-eff3014152fd","order_by":1,"name":"Skulrat Pichaiyut","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Prince of Songkla University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Skulrat","middleName":"","lastName":"Pichaiyut","suffix":""},{"id":441840973,"identity":"1602e02f-f617-405c-a7f1-2b6aa97971af","order_by":2,"name":"Nattapon Uthaipan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Prince of Songkla University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nattapon","middleName":"","lastName":"Uthaipan","suffix":""},{"id":441840974,"identity":"01734b8f-45e2-46b8-b12b-e61b69c5541c","order_by":3,"name":"Charoen Nakason","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCTiL+QCMxUasFrYEmF6itfAYEKeFf3bzsw8fKu4wmLOf+fbwZxuDPH8D/7EHeC25c8x45owzzxgse3K3G/O2MRjOOMDMboBPi4FEgjEzb9thBoMDudukGdsYGDcAHSaBX0v6Z2bef0At5988kwQ6zJ4ILTlAWxqAWm7ksEkAHZZIUIvEjZxixhnHDvMY3HhmbsxzTiJ5xmFmM7xa+Gekb2b4UHNYzuB88rOHP8psbPvbG5/h1QIDPAyQSAcqZiZGPRQQiPRRMApGwSgYsQAAaGBAhhYM93IAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Prince of Songkla University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Charoen","middleName":"","lastName":"Nakason","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-24 21:08:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6298303/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6298303/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-025-05926-w","type":"published","date":"2025-07-31T16:29:29+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":88268489,"identity":"c387b665-b3e3-4944-bce9-6dc921768a87","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-04 16:52:12","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1435880,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6298303/v1_covered_8404e166-548a-427d-bfda-0b726991e905.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Influence of Rice Husk Ash on the Properties of Dynamically Cured ENR/TPS Biocomposites","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"polymer-bulletin","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pobu","sideBox":"Learn more about [Polymer Bulletin](http://link.springer.com/journal/289)","snPcode":"289","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/289/3","title":"Polymer Bulletin","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Rice husk ash (RHA), Biocomposites, Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), Thermoplastic starch (TPS), Dynamic vulcanization (DV), Thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6298303/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6298303/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This study investigates the influence of rice husk ash (RHA) on the properties of dynamically cured epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) biocomposites. 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