A Review on Dysmenorrhea

Dimpal*, Nikita, Akanksha Sharma, Vineet Kapoor
2025 · doi:10.5281/zenodo.14645979 · W6930514288
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⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-07-14 ⓘ

This review discusses dysmenorrhea as a common gynecologic complaint, highlighting its primary causes, potential secondary pathologies, and effective treatment options including NSAIDs and oral contraceptives.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-14 · read from full text ⓘ

This narrative review describes dysmenorrhea as the most common gynecologic complaint among adolescent and young adult females, most often presenting as primary (functional) dysmenorrhea linked to normal ovulatory cycles without pelvic pathology. It notes that about 10% of adolescents and young adults with severe symptoms may have pelvic abnormalities such as endometriosis or uterine anomalies, and it highlights prostaglandins and leukotrienes as important contributors to symptom generation. The review states that NSAIDs are the most common pharmacologic treatment and that nonresponse to NSAIDs over 3 menstrual periods should be followed by combined estrogen/progestin oral contraceptive pills for 3 cycles, with further evaluation for secondary causes if symptoms persist. Relevance to endometriosis: the paper explicitly mentions endometriosis as a pelvic abnormality found in a subset of adolescents/young adults with severe dysmenorrhea, though the paper’s main focus is dysmenorrhea more broadly.

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Abstract

Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynaecologic complaint among adolescent and young adult females. Dysmenorrhea in adolescents and young adults is usually primary (functional), and is associated with normal ovulatory cycles and with no pelvic pathology. In approximately 10% of adolescents and young adults with severe dysmenorrhea symptoms, pelvic abnormalities such as endometriosis or uterine anomalies may be found. Potent prostaglandins and potent leukotrienes play an important role in generating dysmenorrhea symptoms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are the most common pharmacologic treatment for dysmenorrhea. Adolescents and young adults with symptoms that do not respond to treatment with NSAIDs for 3 menstrual periods should be offered combined oestrogen/progestin oral contraceptive pills for 3 menstrual cycles. Adolescents and young adults with dysmenorrhea who do not respond to this treatment should be evaluated for secondary causes of dysmenorrhea. The care provider’s role is to explain about pathophysiology of dysmenorrhea to every adolescent and young adult female, address any concern that the patient has about her menstrual period, and review effective treatment options for dysmenorrhea with the patient.
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A Review on Dysmenorrhea Authors/Creators Description Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynaecologic complaint among adolescent and young adult females. Dysmenorrhea in adolescents and young adults is usually primary (functional), and is associated with normal ovulatory cycles and with no pelvic pathology. In approximately 10% of adolescents and young adults with severe dysmenorrhea symptoms, pelvic abnormalities such as endometriosis or uterine anomalies may be found. Potent prostaglandins and potent leukotrienes play an important role in generating dysmenorrhea symptoms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are the most common pharmacologic treatment for dysmenorrhea. Adolescents and young adults with symptoms that do not respond to treatment with NSAIDs for 3 menstrual periods should be offered combined oestrogen/progestin oral contraceptive pills for 3 menstrual cycles. Adolescents and young adults with dysmenorrhea who do not respond to this treatment should be evaluated for secondary causes of dysmenorrhea. The care provider’s role is to explain about pathophysiology of dysmenorrhea to every adolescent and young adult female, address any concern that the patient has about her menstrual period, and review effective treatment options for dysmenorrhea with the patient. Files 82-Dimpal.pdf Files (393.1 kB) | Name | Size | Download all | |---|---|---| | md5:971d4984eb0c69e398b60105ab8a7406 | 393.1 kB | Preview Download |

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endometriosisdysmenorrhea

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