Dynamic Stall Control of a pitching airfoil Using Acoustic Black Holes and Synthetic Jets: A Large-Eddy Simulation Study

Dynamic Stall Control of a pitching airfoil Using Acoustic Black Holes and Synthetic Jets: A Large-Eddy Simulation Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Dynamic Stall Control of a pitching airfoil Using Acoustic Black Holes and Synthetic Jets: A Large-Eddy Simulation Study Mohadese Lorestani, Mahmoud Mani This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8710096/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This research covers a comparative study on the performance of an active and passive flow control method to mitigate flow separation effects of an oscillating NACA 0012 airfoil at a low Reynolds number. Two dimensional transient simulations were carried out to investigate the aerodynamic performance, flow structure, and dynamic stall characteristics of the flow around the airfoil. The airfoil was initially positioned at an angle of attack of 30º and subjected to oscillations of two distinct pitching amplitudes: 5º and 15º. The results indicated that using the synthetic jet as an active flow control method significantly enhances the aerodynamic performance of the tested airfoil. Also, variations in aerodynamic characteristics and comparison of flow structures against the uncontrolled condition revealed that using Synthetic Jet Actuators fundamentally changes the flow physics over the pitching airfoil by effectively suppressing severe flow separation prevalent at low Reynolds numbers. Although ABH can mitigate aspects of large-scale separation and reduce load oscillations, its aerodynamic benefits are comparatively modest and often accompanied by increased drag. The comparative results demonstrate that SJA provides the most effective dynamic-stall control within the tested operating envelope, whereas the ABH offers a low-energy, maintenance-free alternative with limited but potentially useful passive stabilization effects. The findings highlight the importance of understanding unsteady flow physics for designing effective dynamic-stall control strategies and motivate future three-dimensional simulations and experimental validation for practical rotorcraft and wind-turbine applications. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Physics flow control Dynamic stall synthetic jet actuator acoustic black hole unsteady aerodynamics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 18 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 17 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 14 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Feb, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 04 Feb, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 03 Feb, 2026 Editor invited by journal 03 Feb, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 02 Feb, 2026 First submitted to journal 02 Feb, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8710096","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":586154147,"identity":"a561f5b8-61a8-4552-b31a-b2dab549f9d0","order_by":0,"name":"Mohadese Lorestani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Amirkabir university of technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohadese","middleName":"","lastName":"Lorestani","suffix":""},{"id":586154148,"identity":"51ad5b5d-89bd-4b10-bb4e-b9fe8c8beb78","order_by":1,"name":"Mahmoud Mani","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAo0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJCCAx9grARitRycwcAgQZoWZh6YFqKAbvvZg4dtag7XMbAffsDwcA8RWszO5CUczjl2WIKBJ82AIeEZMVoO5BgczmEDamHIAfrlADFazr8xOGzxD6iF/w2xWm4AbWFsA2qRINqWG28MDvb2pUu2STwzOECkw3KMP/z4Zs3Pz5/88OEPYrTAARsQk6RhFIyCUTAKRgEeAACIwDYuBz8fEwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Amirkabir university of technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mahmoud","middleName":"","lastName":"Mani","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-27 11:44:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8710096/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8710096/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":102295908,"identity":"769b64dd-d984-4823-ab24-af09b7899667","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-10 10:15:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2292270,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"finalpaper2.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8710096/v1_covered_d9447c0f-6152-4a54-9dc4-94fd23bdf650.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Dynamic Stall Control of a pitching airfoil Using Acoustic Black Holes and Synthetic Jets: A Large-Eddy Simulation Study","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"flow control, Dynamic stall, synthetic jet actuator, acoustic black hole, unsteady aerodynamics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8710096/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8710096/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis research covers a comparative study on the performance of an active and passive flow control method to mitigate flow separation effects of an oscillating NACA 0012 airfoil at a low Reynolds number. Two dimensional transient simulations were carried out to investigate the aerodynamic performance, flow structure, and dynamic stall characteristics of the flow around the airfoil. The airfoil was initially positioned at an angle of attack of 30\u0026ordm; and subjected to oscillations of two distinct pitching amplitudes: 5\u0026ordm; and 15\u0026ordm;. The results indicated that using the synthetic jet as an active flow control method significantly enhances the aerodynamic performance of the tested airfoil. Also, variations in aerodynamic characteristics and comparison of flow structures against the uncontrolled condition revealed that using Synthetic Jet Actuators fundamentally changes the flow physics over the pitching airfoil by effectively suppressing severe flow separation prevalent at low Reynolds numbers. Although ABH can mitigate aspects of large-scale separation and reduce load oscillations, its aerodynamic benefits are comparatively modest and often accompanied by increased drag. The comparative results demonstrate that SJA provides the most effective dynamic-stall control within the tested operating envelope, whereas the ABH offers a low-energy, maintenance-free alternative with limited but potentially useful passive stabilization effects. The findings highlight the importance of understanding unsteady flow physics for designing effective dynamic-stall control strategies and motivate future three-dimensional simulations and experimental validation for practical rotorcraft and wind-turbine applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Dynamic Stall Control of a pitching airfoil Using Acoustic Black Holes and Synthetic Jets: A Large-Eddy Simulation Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-06 18:56:40","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8710096/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-03-18T05:58:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-17T12:31:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"322723667427525583876447259051753484310","date":"2026-02-23T11:37:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-14T06:43:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"81725365854403165068724759097245699507","date":"2026-02-05T07:21:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-04T12:07:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-02-03T11:41:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-03T11:26:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-02-03T04:24:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2026-02-03T04:13:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a05444eb-586c-4964-b674-8e6578122b7c","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 6th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":62363936,"name":"Physical sciences/Energy science and technology"},{"id":62363937,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":62363938,"name":"Physical sciences/Physics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-23T10:23:58+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-06 18:56:40","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8710096","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8710096","identity":"rs-8710096","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}