International green supply chain with stochastic exchange rate involving refurbished products through interior point algorithm

International green supply chain with stochastic exchange rate involving refurbished products through interior point algorithm | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article International green supply chain with stochastic exchange rate involving refurbished products through interior point algorithm M Ganesh Kumar, Malleeswaran B This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5149515/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 03 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management → Version 1 posted 6 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In recent days supply chain management not only focusing on optimal polices, rather they concern on environmental effects also. The two level joint replenishment model has been considered in this paper, where the buyer and vendor are located in different countries. By keeping environmental concern in mind, the variable and fixed carbon emission cost during transportation have been considered. Since the entities belong to different countries, and their respective currencies with stochastic exchange rate have been considered. The holding cost at vendor side is larger than the buyer side, so they decided to transfer from vendor to buyer as soon as the lot-size reaches the particular level. Furthermore, to avoid transportation frequency, the unequal shipment size is incorporated. The produced items might have defective products, that will screened and they are sent to the second quality market as refurbished products. An interior point algorithm is used to find the all lot-sizes. Inventory control supply chain management economic order quantity consignment stock policy. Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 03 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revisions 18 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 23 Mar, 2025 Editor invited by journal 06 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 26 Sep, 2024 First submitted to journal 25 Sep, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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