ORAL GNRH ANTAGONISTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRIOSIS: EFFICACY, SAFETY, AND IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE

Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory, estrogen-dependent gynecological disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity and is frequently associated with chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility, leading to substantial impairment in quality of life. Although traditional hormonal therapies are widely used for symptom control, they are often limited by adverse effects, incomplete clinical response, and reduced long-term adherence. In this context, oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists have emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative, as they provide rapid, reversible, and dose-dependent hormonal suppression with the potential for individualized treatment. This narrative literature review aims to analyze the efficacy, safety, and impact on quality of life of oral GnRH antagonists in the treatment of endometriosis. The literature was examined using the PICo strategy, including studies published between 2017 and 2025. The evidence indicates that oral GnRH antagonists are effective in reducing endometriosis-associated pain, present a favorable safety profile when appropriately dosed, and contribute to meaningful improvements in patients’ quality of life. Despite these benefits, concerns remain regarding long-term safety, bone health, and accessibility, underscoring the need for continued research.