Immune-related transcripts, microbiota and vector competence differ in dengue-infected geographically distinct Aedes aegypti populations

Background: Vector competence in Aedes aegypti is influenced by various factors and, by recognizing what affects virus and mosquito interactions, crucial new control methods can be developed. Methods Here we used three geographically distinct Ae. aegypti populations and compared their susceptibility to infection by dengue virus (DENV). To identify the population differences, we screened immune-related genes and microbiota which might contribute to the uniqueness in competency. Results Based on the results from the DENV competence study, we assigned a refractory population (Vilas do Atlântico), a susceptible population (Vero), and a susceptible but low transmission population (California). The immune-related transcripts were highly expressed in the California population but not in the refractory population. However, the Rel-1 gene upregulated after blood-feeding in the Vilas do Atlântico population suggesting involvement in non-viral responses, such as response to microbiota. The bacteria, fungi, and flaviviruses screening showed differences between populations and could be one of the factors that interfere with the vector competence. Conclusions All in all, we revealed the potential factors that might impact the virus and mosquito interaction, moreover, influencing the Aedes aegypti refractory phenotype.