Initial Silvicultural Performance of Pilocarpus microphyllus in Agroforestry systems in the Amazon

Initial Silvicultural Performance of Pilocarpus microphyllus in Agroforestry systems in the Amazon | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Initial Silvicultural Performance of Pilocarpus microphyllus in Agroforestry systems in the Amazon Érick Martins Nieri, Camila Pereira Silva, Luana Maria dos Santos, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9235597/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The Amazon region faces significant pressure from deforestation and cattle ranching, threatening the natural habitat of Pilocarpus microphyllus . This study evaluated the initial silvicultural performance of P. microphyllus under different treatments in agroforestry systems (AFS) in São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design in a 2 \times 6 factorial scheme with three replicates. Variables measured included collar diameter, seedling height, crown area, number of shoots, and mean branch length. Results indicated that the AFS presented distinct light regimes (17,445.5; 3,787.5; and 2,954.5 Lux). Significant differences were observed among systems, with AFS 1 (intermediate light) showing the best growth responses for all variables. A significant interaction between pruning and fertilization was found only for seedling height. In the absence of pruning, NPK doses of 175 g and 75 g produced the highest growth. Conversely, when pruning was applied, no significant differences were found among fertilization treatments, although the combination of 45 g NPK + 45 g MAP showed the best performance at 20 months. Pruning significantly enhanced the number of shoots and mean branch length from the 19 th month onward. Higher NPK doses were effective in increasing crown area. We recommend planting P. microphyllus in AFS with moderate solar radiation, combined with formative pruning and targeted fertilization (175 g NPK without pruning; 45 g NPK + 45 g MAP with pruning). pilocarpine silvicultural treatments jaborandi Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9235597","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":617225987,"identity":"ef2bf331-8702-499f-b3c2-401dd78c50e6","order_by":0,"name":"Érick Martins Nieri","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+ElEQVRIie3NsWrDMBCA4RMCeVHxeiYleQWVQOpCoa8iL5kCHQKlU+pgUJa0s/MYXoJHF0EnPUCGEPDiKUO9lI5V2mYJKHjMoH85uOPjAHy+i4ykJAUEoLQCuP9dCbvsRJiEatyJwPHORTcS9vS8XZVx/3bBv3qfcvsIQbZGUu6cJHpLsqgwOLzWV2usZHOX8o8nJGbqJMIQRWqFSU4tef/WAnAyQqKkkzz8k5ec8sZ+sWSwP08Et6RQKJFy9keQnydoSBatFN7klA1jIxvB+HgaJ8ZNwmVQt69qNsBQ15tnuRVhoItNW7rJaRWww+gODsTn8/l8p/0Au09Pe+tjjlEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Technology – Paraná","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Érick","middleName":"Martins","lastName":"Nieri","suffix":""},{"id":617225988,"identity":"3ef8ad51-881c-4d86-9b29-4350eec16632","order_by":1,"name":"Camila Pereira Silva","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Camila","middleName":"Pereira","lastName":"Silva","suffix":""},{"id":617225989,"identity":"fb4916ba-fed2-4a38-9d9f-7326cf3d47a2","order_by":2,"name":"Luana Maria dos Santos","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Technology – Paraná","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Luana","middleName":"Maria dos","lastName":"Santos","suffix":""},{"id":617225990,"identity":"957983cd-3207-414d-8c3e-b42ad0deeb83","order_by":3,"name":"Eleandro José Brun","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Technology – Paraná","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Eleandro","middleName":"José","lastName":"Brun","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-26 14:53:19","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9235597/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9235597/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107074693,"identity":"d4273d78-6047-4e62-82a1-f76a9752e45b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-16 12:58:00","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":514167,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"InitialSilviculturalPerformanceofPilocarpusmicrophyllusinAgroforestrysystemsintheAmazon.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9235597/v1_covered_d2e182ce-59e8-495b-8e5e-41b6b0acb438.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Initial Silvicultural Performance of Pilocarpus microphyllus in Agroforestry systems in the Amazon","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"pilocarpine, silvicultural treatments, jaborandi","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9235597/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9235597/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe Amazon region faces significant pressure from deforestation and cattle ranching, threatening the natural habitat of \u003cem\u003ePilocarpus microphyllus\u003c/em\u003e. This study evaluated the initial silvicultural performance of \u003cem\u003eP. microphyllus\u003c/em\u003e under different treatments in agroforestry systems (AFS) in S\u0026atilde;o F\u0026eacute;lix do Xingu, Par\u0026aacute;, Brazil. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design in a 2 \\times 6 factorial scheme with three replicates. Variables measured included collar diameter, seedling height, crown area, number of shoots, and mean branch length. Results indicated that the AFS presented distinct light regimes (17,445.5; 3,787.5; and 2,954.5 Lux). Significant differences were observed among systems, with AFS 1 (intermediate light) showing the best growth responses for all variables. A significant interaction between pruning and fertilization was found only for seedling height. In the absence of pruning, NPK doses of 175 g and 75 g produced the highest growth. Conversely, when pruning was applied, no significant differences were found among fertilization treatments, although the combination of 45 g NPK\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;45 g MAP showed the best performance at 20 months. Pruning significantly enhanced the number of shoots and mean branch length from the 19 th month onward. Higher NPK doses were effective in increasing crown area. 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