The effects and clinical outcomes of inflammation-related factors in the middle and upper calyceal renal calculi without ureteral stent after flexible ureterorenoscopy

Objective: To investigate the inflammatory factors and clinical outcomes of the middle and upper calyceal renal calculi after flexible ureterorenoscopy without the usage of the ureteral stent. Data and Methods: 150 patients were randomly divided into three groups: Group A, Group B and Group C. In Group A, double-J stent was implanted preoperatively, but not postoperatively. In Group C, Double-J stent was implanted postoperatively, but not preoperatively. In Group B, double-J stent were implanted preoperatively and postoperatively. Finally, the inflammatory factors and clinical effects of the 3 groups were compared. Results There is a significant difference in operation time among the 3 groups with group A having the shortest time (P  0.05). Additionally, it is observed that the incidence of postoperative hematuria and bladder irritation in group A has been comparatively lower than those in groups B and C (P < 0.01). At 24 hours after the operation among the 3 groups, and the incidence of fever between groups A and B observed has been considerably lower than that of group C (P < 0.05). Lastly, CRP and WBC in group A and B were lower than those in group C after operation(P < 0.05). Conclusion For the patients with middle and upper calyceal renal calculi, by prepositioning double-J stent before the operation along with the absence of ureteral stent after the flexible ureterorenoscopy, it has been presented that the operation time can be effectively reduced. At the same time, it will not affect the postoperative clearance rate, significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, and will also not increase the postoperative-related inflammatory factors.