Cortical dynamics following real-time MEG neurofeedback training of the speed of shifting spatial attention: a pilot study

ABSTRACT Neurofeedback is a technique that directs self-regulated modulation of neural activity. This is achieved by delivering real-time feedback derived from brain signals. In our previous work, we introduced a novel method, state-based neurofeedback (sb-NFB) that targets patterns of MEG signals related to shifts in spatial attention. In this pilot study, we used sb-NFB to train participants to decrease the time required to covertly shift spatial attention from one visual hemifield to the other. We characterized the changes to cortical connectivity during each training session. In addition, we run a separate, Posner-like validation task before the training sessions and after the training was complete. We found a significant main effect of training on the reaction time linked to switching spatial attention in both the training task and the validation task. This indicates the achieved improvement in shifting spatial attention generalized to another situation requiring this capability.