Load transfer mechanism and design strength of hybrid bolted joint with friction- and bearing-type connections

Load transfer mechanism and design strength of hybrid bolted joint with friction- and bearing-type connections | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Load transfer mechanism and design strength of hybrid bolted joint with friction- and bearing-type connections Yu Chen, Takashi Yamaguchi, Gen Hayashi, Motoshi Yamauchi, Keita Ueno This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4487659/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Long slip-critical bolted joints are extensively used in steel- bridge construction to accommodate increasing traffic loads and optimise steel components. However, as the joint length increases, challenges arise owing to interference with secondary members, uneven bolt force distribution leading to premature failure, and reduced serviceability limit strength. Existing design codes incorporate reduction factors based on joint length to address these issues. This study proposes a hybrid bolt joint that combines friction and bearing-type bolted connections to reduce the joint length while maintaining or improving strength . Finite element analysis was used to investigate the interactive effects of bearing and friction connections, load sharing of hybrid connections, component deformation, and reductions in friction and bearing forces. The results show that the hybrid joint exhibits a uniform load distribution among the friction bolts but an uneven bearing force distribution among the bearing bolts, with the foremost bolt experiencing severe friction force loss. An effective correction factor was proposed to account for the reduction in friction and bearing forces. This study defines the serviceability limit state based on bolt shank shear yielding and provides recommendations for the strength assessment and design of hybrid bolted joints (α s F s + α b F b ). The results contribute to the development of rational compact joints for steel-bridge construction and address the challenges associated with long multi-row bolted joints. Civil Engineering Steel connection Long bolted connection Bearing type connections Friction type connections Hybrid bolted joint Finite element analysis Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4487659","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":307480697,"identity":"8e244416-2213-4747-99ca-5bd1ed3f9d89","order_by":0,"name":"Yu Chen","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJACZiCW44OwE4jXYsxGspbENqK1GNxIYPxcUHEnvU0i+eHjgoo0OQb2w0c3ENDCLD3jzLPcNok0Y+MZZ3KMGXjS0m4Q0MLGzNt2GKglh02at60isUGCx4wILf8Op7OBtfwjWkvD4QSIloYcwlokzzxsluY5dtiwjeeZsTHPsTRjNkJ+4TuefPAzT81heX52YIjx1CTL8bMfPoZXi8IBxgYISyABQrPhUw4C8g0wFv8BQmpHwSgYBaNgpAIA4AhDhJSICIUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-4761","institution":"Osaka Metropolitan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yu","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":307480698,"identity":"1eb71e58-47d1-4f16-bed4-b78a0af7f245","order_by":1,"name":"Takashi Yamaguchi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Osaka Metropolitan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Takashi","middleName":"","lastName":"Yamaguchi","suffix":""},{"id":307480699,"identity":"c2d45f2f-93bb-4096-a005-fe55eb4210e5","order_by":2,"name":"Gen Hayashi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Osaka Metropolitan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gen","middleName":"","lastName":"Hayashi","suffix":""},{"id":307480700,"identity":"4402a8f4-73b4-4049-8855-da139800f15f","order_by":3,"name":"Motoshi Yamauchi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"MM Bridge CO. 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However, as the joint length increases, challenges arise owing to interference with secondary members, uneven bolt force distribution leading to premature failure, and reduced serviceability limit strength. Existing design codes incorporate reduction factors based on joint length to address these issues. This study proposes a hybrid bolt joint that combines friction and bearing-type bolted connections to reduce the joint length while maintaining or improving strength . Finite element analysis was used to investigate the interactive effects of bearing and friction connections, load sharing of hybrid connections, component deformation, and reductions in friction and bearing forces. The results show that the hybrid joint exhibits a uniform load distribution among the friction bolts but an uneven bearing force distribution among the bearing bolts, with the foremost bolt experiencing severe friction force loss. An effective correction factor was proposed to account for the reduction in friction and bearing forces. This study defines the serviceability limit state based on bolt shank shear yielding and provides recommendations for the strength assessment and design of hybrid bolted joints (α\u003csub\u003es\u003c/sub\u003e F\u003csub\u003es\u003c/sub\u003e + α\u003csub\u003eb\u003c/sub\u003e F\u003csub\u003eb\u003c/sub\u003e). The results contribute to the development of rational compact joints for steel-bridge construction and address the challenges associated with long multi-row bolted joints.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Load transfer mechanism and design strength of hybrid bolted joint with friction- and bearing-type connections","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-05-30 04:10:29","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4487659/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2292e448-a15f-489d-974b-f8d465418b0d","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 30th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":32474690,"name":"Civil Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-05-30T04:10:29+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-05-30 04:10:29","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4487659","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4487659","identity":"rs-4487659","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}