Clinical and Histopathological Correlation of Uterine Leiomyomas: A Retrospective Analysis

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical presentation and histopathological spectrum of uterine leiomyomas in a tertiary care setting. Design: A retrospective, descriptive study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Pathology, MR Medical College, Sangareddy, Hyderabad. Participants: 75 women with a histopathological diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma following hysterectomy or myomectomy. Study Period: January 2016 to January 2017. Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes included the age distribution, parity, clinical symptoms, anatomical location of fibroids, and histopathological patterns including degenerative changes and associated endometrial findings. Results: The mean age of participants was 41.2 years (±5.8 SD), with the highest frequency (42.7%, n=32) in the 41-50 year age group. Multiparous women comprised the majority of cases (78.7%, n=59). The most common presenting symptom was menorrhagia (74.7%, n=56), followed by pelvic pain (44.0%, n=33). Intramural leiomyomas were the predominant anatomical type (56.0%, n=42). Histopathological examination revealed hyaline degeneration as the most frequent degenerative change (50.7%, n=38), and proliferative endometrium was the most common associated finding (65.3%, n=49). Conclusions: This study confirms that uterine leiomyomas most frequently affect perimenopausal, multiparous women, with abnormal uterine bleeding being the cardinal symptom. A strong correlation exists between clinical features and histopathological findings. Comprehensive histopathological evaluation remains indispensable for definitive diagnosis and for understanding the diverse morphology of this common benign tumor, guiding appropriate clinical management.