Sequential drop impacts onto horizontal fiber arrays

Sequential drop impacts onto horizontal fiber arrays | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Sequential drop impacts onto horizontal fiber arrays Gene Patrick Rible, Agustin Soto, Regina Shome, Andrew Dickerson This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6246510/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We experimentally investigate liquid infiltration into horizontally oriented fiber arrays imposed by sequential drop impacts. Two successive drop impacts are filmed striking 3D-printed fiber arrays with varying densities, surface wettability, and fixed fiber diameter. The penetration depth and the lateral width of drop spreading within fiber layers is a function of drop displacement relative to the liquid already within the array as well as the drop Weber number. Hydrophobic fibers more effectively prevent an increase in penetration depth by the second impacting drop at low impact Weber numbers, whereas hydrophilic fibers ensure lower liquid penetration depth into the array as Weber number increases. Impact outcomes, such as penetration depth and lateral spreading, are insensitive to impact eccentricity between the first and second drops at high experimental Weber numbers. As expected, denser, staggered fibers reduce infiltration, preventing the entire drop mass from entering the array. Fragmentation of the first drop, which is promoted by hydrophobicity, larger inter-fiber spacing, and higher drop impact velocity, limits increases in lateral spreading and penetration depth of the liquid mass from a subsequent drop. Our experimental system is inspired by mammalian fur coats, and our results provide insight to how we expect natural fibers to respond to falling drops and the structure innate to this multiscale covering. interfacial phenomena 3D printing rainfall capillary effects hairy structures Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files S1.mp4 S2.mp4 S3.mp4 Supplement.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6246510","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":431837019,"identity":"9007e59a-f4f0-4e9d-9306-7b59e5799968","order_by":0,"name":"Gene Patrick Rible","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gene","middleName":"Patrick","lastName":"Rible","suffix":""},{"id":431837020,"identity":"8f268ea1-5c68-45d9-a92b-63b1ba0b1db0","order_by":1,"name":"Agustin Soto","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Tennessee at 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structures","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6246510/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6246510/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"We experimentally investigate liquid infiltration into horizontally oriented fiber arrays imposed by sequential drop impacts. Two successive drop impacts are filmed striking 3D-printed fiber arrays with varying densities, surface wettability, and fixed fiber diameter. The penetration depth and the lateral width of drop spreading within fiber layers is a function of drop displacement relative to the liquid already within the array as well as the drop Weber number. Hydrophobic fibers more effectively prevent an increase in penetration depth by the second impacting drop at low impact Weber numbers, whereas hydrophilic fibers ensure lower liquid penetration depth into the array as Weber number increases. Impact outcomes, such as penetration depth and lateral spreading, are insensitive to impact eccentricity between the first and second drops at high experimental Weber numbers. As expected, denser, staggered fibers reduce infiltration, preventing the entire drop mass from entering the array. Fragmentation of the first drop, which is promoted by hydrophobicity, larger inter-fiber spacing, and higher drop impact velocity, limits increases in lateral spreading and penetration depth of the liquid mass from a subsequent drop. 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