Are Hull-less Barley and Lentil a Good Match? Production Performance and Co-Growth Dynamics in a Three-year Mixed Cropping Experiment in Switzerland

Are Hull-less Barley and Lentil a Good Match? Production Performance and Co-Growth Dynamics in a Three-year Mixed Cropping Experiment in Switzerland | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Are Hull-less Barley and Lentil a Good Match? Production Performance and Co-Growth Dynamics in a Three-year Mixed Cropping Experiment in Switzerland Filippo Carmenati, Yannik Schlup, Andreas Kägi, Johan Six, Susanne Vogelgsang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7597798/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Diversifying agroecosystems through crop mixtures has been widely evaluated, demonstrating advantages over conventional sole cropping. In this three-year field experiment in central Switzerland, four lentil ( Lens culinaris ) cultivars were intercropped with three spring hull-less barley ( Hordeum vulgare var. nudum ) cultivars by substituting 25% of the lentil seed density in a replacement design. These mixtures were compared with the corresponding sole cropping systems, including both fertilized (additional nitrogen) and non-fertilized hull-less barley treatments, resulting in 22 total treatments. Throughout the growing seasons, we recorded morphological traits (tiller number and plant height) and phenological stages (BBCH 65 in lentils and BBCH 55 in hull-less barley) to characterize the co-growth dynamics. We then correlated these traits with performance metrics: weed suppression, lodging reduction, total and partial grain yield, land equivalent ratio (LER), net effect (NE), and competitive ratio (CR). Mixed cropping reduced both weed biomass and lodging incidence while increasing total grain production, evidenced by LER > 1 and positive overyielding. In mixed cropping, hull-less barley tiller number and lentil height increased, while lentil phenology remained unchanged. In contrast, hull-less barley exhibited reduced height and delayed heading compared to fertilized sole crops. Mixed cropping combinations with a high tiller count and more balanced height ratios showed the strongest increases in overall yield. Furthermore, pairings of early-flowering lentil cultivars with late-heading hull-less barley resulted in higher total and lentil grain yields, despite slightly lower LER and NE values. Delayed sowing and unstable precipitation reduced the overall system performance, emphasising the advantages of early sowing for both crops. co-growth dynamic intercropping performance legume mixture mixing ability tiller number maturing time hull-less barley lentil Full Text Supplementary Files SMCarmenatipreharvestMICHLbarleylentils.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 07 Dec, 2025 Editor invited by journal 23 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 01 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 30 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7597798","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":556572557,"identity":"4a40d9dc-fd46-4b74-8db2-4a5585a62534","order_by":0,"name":"Filippo 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In this three-year field experiment in central Switzerland, four lentil (\u003cem\u003eLens culinaris\u003c/em\u003e) cultivars were intercropped with three spring hull-less barley (\u003cem\u003eHordeum vulgare\u003c/em\u003e var. \u003cem\u003enudum\u003c/em\u003e) cultivars by substituting 25% of the lentil seed density in a replacement design. These mixtures were compared with the corresponding sole cropping systems, including both fertilized (additional nitrogen) and non-fertilized hull-less barley treatments, resulting in 22 total treatments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThroughout the growing seasons, we recorded morphological traits (tiller number and plant height) and phenological stages (BBCH 65 in lentils and BBCH 55 in hull-less barley) to characterize the co-growth dynamics. We then correlated these traits with performance metrics: weed suppression, lodging reduction, total and partial grain yield, land equivalent ratio (LER), net effect (NE), and competitive ratio (CR).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMixed cropping reduced both weed biomass and lodging incidence while increasing total grain production, evidenced by LER\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1 and positive overyielding. In mixed cropping, hull-less barley tiller number and lentil height increased, while lentil phenology remained unchanged. In contrast, hull-less barley exhibited reduced height and delayed heading compared to fertilized sole crops. Mixed cropping combinations with a high tiller count and more balanced height ratios showed the strongest increases in overall yield. 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