Predictive value of thyroid hormone levels in adverse prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

Background: The level of thyroid hormones (TH) influences the prognosis of a wide range of diseases. Despite this, to date, there have been few studies that have evaluated the effect of TH levels on the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). As a result, we investigated the effect of TH levels on survival in patients with MM. Methods: : TH levels and common adverse prognostic markers were compared in 124 newly diagnosed MM patients. To evaluate differences between categorical and continuous variables, Chi-Square test and Fisher's Exact test as well as Mann-Whitney U test were used. Kaplan-Meier test was used for survival analysis, and Cox proportional risk regression was used for univariate and multivariate analysis of overall survival (OS). Results: : A significant decrease in total thyroxine (TT4) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) was observed in patients with multiple myeloma (P <0.05) compared to healthy subjects. In multiple myeloma patients, the levels of TT4, TT3, free (F)T4, and FT3 in non-survivors were significantly lower than those in survivors (P <0.05), and TT4 levels were significantly positively correlated with hemoglobin and albumin levels (P <0.05). The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that age≥68 years (HR=0.463, 95%CI =0.226-0.900, P=0.036) and TT4≤67.66 nmol/L (HR=0.204, 95%CI=0.101-0.412, P <0.001) were an independent prognostic factors for OS in multiple myeloma patients (P <0.05). Conclusions: : Thyroid hormone levels, particularly TT4, may be an important predictor of poor prognosis in patients with MM.