Genetic polymorphism of Cytochrome-P450-2C9 (CYP2C9) in Indian populations

Cytochrome-P450-2C9 ( CYP2C9 ) metabolizes wide range of drugs and highly express in human liver. Various mutations of CYP2C9 (R144C, I359L etc.), associated with drug-response, are highly diverse. We aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of CYP2C9 in Indian-subcontinent, using 1278 subjects from 36 populations. High frequency of CYP2C9*3 (0-0.179) was observed, comparative to other populations, including Europeans. Subjects having CYP2C9*3/*3 requires lower dose of warfarin, comparative to CYP2C9*1/*3 or CYP2C9*1/*1 . Since, Indians are practicing marriage among their caste system, we predicted and observed high frequency (0-0.05) of CYP2C9*3/*3 . Out of 21 populations, living outside of Indian subcontinent, only Toscani and Southern Han-Chinese have 0.009 and 0.01 CYP2C9*3/*3 , respectively, lower than Indians,. We found a non-synonymous mutation ( L362V ), observed only in Indian-subcontinent, and have 0-0.056 allelic, 0-0.037 L/V and 00.037 V/V genotype frequency. We observed unfavorable interatomic interactions between hydroxylation sites of warfarin and reactive oxyferryl heme in mutant, comparative to wild-type CYP2C9 , in molecular dynamic simulations; and predict lower kinetic activity.