Application of a Nano-Hybrid Material as a Biomimetic Apical Barrier for Periapical Bone Lesion Management in Periodontitis-Affected Teeth

Nanotechnology has transformed all fields of medicine for years, and the most modern patient care in medicine is now closely tied to the use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, with dentistry being no exception. Since biomaterials interact with tissues through their surface activities after implantation, the properties of their reactivity are critical in controlling biological response in bone regeneration and repair. New bone-like nanostructures of calcium phosphate have been developed to repair and replace damaged or brittle bone. Chronic apical periodontitis is an inflammation of the dental and periapical tissues produced by a variety of bacteria that generate an immune-inflammatory response in the microorganism. Untreated teeth may need to be removed or undergo periapical surgery to be saved. For that reason, it is desired to build biomimetic nanostructured engineering scaffolds that provide structural support for early cell attachment while developing novel materials. Recently, attention has been drawn to bone-like biomaterials, which have the potential to replace bone as a natural functional nanostructure in certain applications. The proposed workflow includes: (1) material preparation; (2) material characteristics; (3) clinical follow-up design; (4) clinical protocol; (5) clinical outcome. The clinical use of hydroxyapatite/hyaluronan biomimetic nano-hybrid material for reconstruction of periapical bone defects in the treatment of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis is presented in this paper.