Indoor Air Quality and Radioactivity Monitoring Based on Low-Cost IoT System

Indoor Air Quality and Radioactivity Monitoring Based on Low-Cost IoT System | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Indoor Air Quality and Radioactivity Monitoring Based on Low-Cost IoT System Marko Petric, Ivana Perović, Filip Dodigović, Ivan Hip This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9554443/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Indoor air quality (IAQ) and radioactivity monitoring are increasingly important as people spend most of their time indoors, where exposure to pollutants and radon can pose significant health risks. This study presents an IoT‑based system for long‑term indoor monitoring that integrates low‑cost Geiger–Müller (GM) detectors with the Dasduino CONNECTPLUS microcontroller platform. Three GM counters equipped with environmental sensors continuously transmitted minute‑level data to a cloud server, and their performance was evaluated against a certified Airthings Corentium Pro radon monitor. Hourly GM count rates showed moderate correlations with radon concentrations (r = 0.35–0.55), with improved performance when averaging multiple GM channels. Applying 24‑hour moving averages significantly strengthened correlations (r = 0.88–0.95), demonstrating that GM detectors reliably capture daily‑scale variations in indoor radioactivity. While GM counters measure total ionising radiation and cannot directly quantify radon without calibration, the results confirm their suitability for detecting relative changes and long‑term trends. The proposed IoT system offers a cost‑effective and scalable approach for continuous indoor radioactivity and IAQ monitoring, with potential for integration into broader sensor networks. Future work will focus on calibration strategies and extended measurement campaigns to enhance quantitative accuracy. Indoor radioactivity Internet of Things Air Quality microcontroller Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Highlights.pdf grabs.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9554443","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":634208103,"identity":"0dc6b24a-afbc-451f-b668-bb8b2b943aa5","order_by":0,"name":"Marko Petric","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABBElEQVRIie3RMUsDMRTA8RcCvSXYNaVyfgIhR0ARCn6VC8K59Lq4uJlSqEvsfB8nx60VV4cuItzkcOISyg3mLp3Ei3RzyB/Ce8svBAIQCv3P8GEiCQ3E/artSf8kxBJUAD+K2I0cCPjI+ePzO2tgF19Pq+XXbM+EpHlZmj0sLuXv5GJ7y0UBNScnYjXNNx1ZpHqygbtTPUB0hisClVAErXGuWg50znSiwF40QF7qnjz05EoxR4SPvGb4xpKUdAQMi3uijY/UOClYnagtWk2eJItH5IOVS0k9D8swbe53Z5GK3hrTMjKO5vzTtLNB4mLaTbQGGLmFegG47+5q4ecSCoVCIfgG93NYwXbVD8UAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Zagreb Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marko","middleName":"","lastName":"Petric","suffix":""},{"id":634208104,"identity":"82072a9d-464d-4411-a7e2-4b9023980ae0","order_by":1,"name":"Ivana Perović","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Zagreb Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ivana","middleName":"","lastName":"Perović","suffix":""},{"id":634208105,"identity":"96c8bbb8-f6fc-4875-87f0-a5ffe902347b","order_by":2,"name":"Filip Dodigović","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Zagreb Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Filip","middleName":"","lastName":"Dodigović","suffix":""},{"id":634208106,"identity":"3212a12f-826f-4390-983b-be71761b4896","order_by":3,"name":"Ivan Hip","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Zagreb Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ivan","middleName":"","lastName":"Hip","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-28 13:06:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9554443/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9554443/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108498699,"identity":"f8f7bc62-c148-447a-b1b7-09fb0e2b3bde","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-05 10:17:51","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":32116,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Highlights.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9554443/v1/93ea6b8861767034aa32b45f.pdf"},{"id":108804988,"identity":"ace701d9-d4e5-401e-8259-8cebb9c34af5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-08 15:24:27","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":4575010,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"grabs.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9554443/v1/117b1fa7cf1dc50e79cd85a1.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Indoor Air Quality and Radioactivity Monitoring Based on Low-Cost IoT System","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":false,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Indoor radioactivity, Internet of Things, Air Quality, microcontroller","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9554443/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9554443/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIndoor air quality (IAQ) and radioactivity monitoring are increasingly important as people spend most of their time indoors, where exposure to pollutants and radon can pose significant health risks. This study presents an IoT‑based system for long‑term indoor monitoring that integrates low‑cost Geiger\u0026ndash;M\u0026uuml;ller (GM) detectors with the Dasduino CONNECTPLUS microcontroller platform. Three GM counters equipped with environmental sensors continuously transmitted minute‑level data to a cloud server, and their performance was evaluated against a certified Airthings Corentium Pro radon monitor. Hourly GM count rates showed moderate correlations with radon concentrations (r = 0.35\u0026ndash;0.55), with improved performance when averaging multiple GM channels. Applying 24‑hour moving averages significantly strengthened correlations (r = 0.88\u0026ndash;0.95), demonstrating that GM detectors reliably capture daily‑scale variations in indoor radioactivity. While GM counters measure total ionising radiation and cannot directly quantify radon without calibration, the results confirm their suitability for detecting relative changes and long‑term trends. The proposed IoT system offers a cost‑effective and scalable approach for continuous indoor radioactivity and IAQ monitoring, with potential for integration into broader sensor networks. 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