FSBS and PLMF Pulses Enable High-Performance Distributed Acoustic Sensing

FSBS and PLMF Pulses Enable High-Performance Distributed Acoustic Sensing | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article FSBS and PLMF Pulses Enable High-Performance Distributed Acoustic Sensing Zengling Ran, Yanbo Xiao, Qingqiang Zhu, Mengyue He, Junhao Luo, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9409629/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Optical fiber distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) represents a revolutionary acoustic wave detection technology with a large scale and high sensitivity and is widely used in industrial fields. In conventional single-frequency DAS systems that are based on acousto-optic modulators (AOMs), frequency and phase drift induced by frequency-shift modulation, the randomness of the injected pulse phase, and random fading of the Rayleigh backscattering signal (RBS) are bottlenecks that limit further performance improvements. Herein, we propose a novel DAS architecture that features phase-locked multifrequency (PLMF) pulse injection that is based on zero-frequency-shift modulation, which overcomes the performance bottlenecks of conventional DAS. Specifically, zero-frequency-shift modulation combines a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with forward-stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS) to suppress modulation-induced chirp to generate seed pulses with high phase and frequency stability and low chirp noise, thereby greatly improving the low-frequency detection ability of the system. Furthermore, we establish a PLMF pulse train generation mechanism by matching the pulse repetition frequency to the frequency shift, which enables either minimum residual superposition of RBSs at different frequencies in the raw intensity domain to achieve high strain resolution or flexible multifrequency combinations to achieve high spatial resolution. The PLMF-DAS system achieves world-class performance with a strain resolution of 300 fε/√Hz @1 kHz, an ultralow-frequency response down to 0.07 mHz, a sensing range of 172 km and a spatial resolution of 0.25 m. This system eliminates the need for expensive and complex optoelectronic components and provides an effective pathway for realizing next-generation high-performance and engineered DAS systems. Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical techniques/Imaging and sensing Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Applied optics/Optical sensors Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementaryInformation.docx Supplementary Information of FSBS and PLMF Pulses Enable High-Performance Distributed Acoustic Sensing Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9409629","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":631504694,"identity":"1f98b264-7271-4f36-bdae-1b7900ef6177","order_by":0,"name":"Zengling Ran","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAxElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBxUwFhuxWhLOwFQTrSWxjRQt5u1nD39InHdYTn5+8wOGD2WHGfhnN+DXInMmL8EgcdthY4NjbAaMM84dZpC4cwC/FgmGHIMEoJbEDWw8DMy8bYcZDCQSCGjhf2NwIHHO4fr5bUAtf4nSIpFj2JDYcDiB4RhQCyNxWt4YMyQcSzfccCzN4GDPuXQeiRsEHZZj/OFDjbW8fPPhhw9+lFnL8c8goAUFHABiHhLUj4JRMApGwSjABQAIiz7adQA5UQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; 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In conventional single-frequency DAS systems that are based on acousto-optic modulators (AOMs), frequency and phase drift induced by frequency-shift modulation, the randomness of the injected pulse phase, and random fading of the Rayleigh backscattering signal (RBS) are bottlenecks that limit further performance improvements. Herein, we propose a novel DAS architecture that features phase-locked multifrequency (PLMF) pulse injection that is based on zero-frequency-shift modulation, which overcomes the performance bottlenecks of conventional DAS. Specifically, zero-frequency-shift modulation combines a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with forward-stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS) to suppress modulation-induced chirp to generate seed pulses with high phase and frequency stability and low chirp noise, thereby greatly improving the low-frequency detection ability of the system. Furthermore, we establish a PLMF pulse train generation mechanism by matching the pulse repetition frequency to the frequency shift, which enables either minimum residual superposition of RBSs at different frequencies in the raw intensity domain to achieve high strain resolution or flexible multifrequency combinations to achieve high spatial resolution. The PLMF-DAS system achieves world-class performance with a strain resolution of 300 fε/√Hz @1 kHz, an ultralow-frequency response down to 0.07 mHz, a sensing range of 172 km and a spatial resolution of 0.25 m. 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