Impact of Different Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield and Varietal Performance of Wheat Under the Agro-climatic Condition of District Bajaur

Impact of Different Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield and Varietal Performance of Wheat Under the Agro-climatic Condition of District Bajaur | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Impact of Different Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield and Varietal Performance of Wheat Under the Agro-climatic Condition of District Bajaur Aziz Ullah, Muhammad Tahir, Hammad1 Hammad, Zakirullah Jan, Tausif Ahmad, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7757964/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Nitrogen is one of the important among nutrients to increase the productivity of wheat crop. This experiment was planned to find out impact of various levels of nitrogen on different wheat varieties. The research was performed at the Substation of Agricultural Research (MAs), district Bajaur during winter season 2024, using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Different nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80,120 and 160 kg/ha) were applied on four different varieties of wheat (Khaista-17, PS-15, Wadan-17 and Pasina-17). The results indicated that nitrogen levels and varieties have significantly affected plant height (78.9 cm), tiller plant -1 (9.6), no. of leaves plant -1 (5.4), spike length (11.4cm), number of spikes plant -1 (7.2), number of spikelet spike -1 (20.4), grain spike -1 (62.7) and grain yield (2499.1 kgha -1 ) were recorded with application of nitrogen @ 160 kgha -1 . In case of varieties highest plant height (78.4cm), was recorded in the variety Wadan-17. Maximum spike length (12.5 cm), tiller plant -1 (9.9), number of leaves plant -1 (5.7), spike length (12.5 cm), number of spikes plant -1 (6.8), spikelet spike -1 (21.1), grain spike -1 (65.3) and grain yield (4465.6 kgha -1 ) were observed in variety Khaista-17 followed by Wadan-17. Non-significant interaction was recorded against varieties and nitrogen. It is concluded that variety Khaista-17 has obtained highest grain yield whereas nitrogen was given @ 160 kg N ha -1 has provided grain yield of (4465.6 kgha -1 ). Grain yield Khaista-17 nitrogen plant height PS-15 spike length and varieties Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 INTRODUCTION Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is an essential crop among food grain crops cultivated in the world. It is a member of the family gramineae and is a leading major cereal crop, used to make flour for cakes, breads, pasta, cookies, and noodles as well as for fermentation to make alcohol and beer [13]. In Pakistan wheat is considered as a main food crop, which is grown on larger scale in our country. In Pakistan the average yield of the wheat is too less than their potential yield although it has been secured its position in the world among top ten major wheat producing countries. In Pakistan low yield per unit area are due to many agronomic and physiological factors [17]. Growing the most feasible varieties acclimatized to the environmental conditions especially due to which the self-sufficiency in wheat can be obtained by adoption of new improved technology of wheat. Remarkable increase has been resulted in the yield per unit area throughout the world due to the development of new wheat varieties. For studying agronomic treatments across environments, yield stability and predicting yield performance of varieties, multi-environment trials are required in agronomy and plant breeding [22]. On the other side, wheat requirements and demand of the country are increasing due to increase in population at higher rate [3]. In Pakistan, the present productivity of wheat is lower than the production of other wheat crop cultivating countries of the world. This might be due to improper, imbalance, insufficient use of fertilizer application. It might be socio economic constraints, very low due to lack of availability of certified seeds for crop cultivation, and high prices of synthetic fertilizers due to which most of the small farmers use improper fertilizers [18]. Nitrogen is considered an important among macronutrients and having a major function in metabolism of plants. It is a vital component of protein and whole body developmental processes in plants are allied with protein. Therefore, utilization of nitrogen is important in the form of chemical available fertilizer to obtain more crop production. Nitrogenous fertilizer is having a key role to affect the no. of grains spike -1 , number of tillers m -2 , spike length (cm), 1000- grain weight (g) and no. of spikelets per spike. Keeping in view the essentiality of nitrogen for crop productivity, this research was designed to determine the optimum nitrogen requirement and identify the best-yielding wheat varieties in terms of production, with specific focus on studying the effect of nitrogen on different wheat varieties and investigating their response to the application of varying nitrogen doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research was performed to investigate the effect of effect of different nitrogen levels on production of various wheat varieties at Research trial field, Agric. Research Merged Area, District Bajaur. RCBD experimental design with three replicates was assigned for the experiment. Field was prepared as per recommended practices for wheat using cultivator followed by rotavator. Five various nitrogen doses were used @ 0, 40, 80, 120 & 160 kg ha − 1 . Four different wheat varieties (Khaista-17, PS-15, Wadan-17 and Pasina-17) were sown at research trial field. In two splits nitrogen application was done; 50% with first irrigation and 50% at jointing stage. Considering the requirements of crop and weather conditions irrigation water was applied at proper growth stages. Weeds were eradicated chemically using weedicides after 30 to 50 days of emergence of crop for keeping the weed population under threshold level. Uniform agronomic practices were carried out for all plots. At optimum wheat crop maturity was reaped. Plants were sun dried from each plot, after reaping the crop. Later on, again for few days’ spikes were disjointed from the stalk were sun dried and then threshed. Data were taken on tiller plant − 1 , no. of grain spike − 1 , number of leaves plant − 1 , plant height (cm), no. of spikelet per spike, spike length (cm) and grain yield (kgha − 1 ). The data was collected on these parameters. For plant heights twenty plants in each plot at physiological were randomly selected maturity then calculated its average. Tillers per plant was taken in each plot by counting twenty randomly selected plants and then mean was computed. No. of leaves plant − 1 was counted in each plant of twenty randomly selected plants from each plot and its mean was taken. Spike length was observed by measuring the length of chosen twenty spikes in each selected plot and its mean was taken. By counting no. of spikelets in every randomly selected twenty spikes, then number of spikelets per spike was counted. Grains per spike was observed by calculating wheat grains in each plot in selected spikes and its average was computed. For biological yield, in each plot four rows having two-meter length were harvested, dried, the taken weight and finally were changed into kgha − 1 . Grain yield were observed by harvesting four rows of two-meter length in each plot tied into small bundles sundried and were threshed for observing grain yield and was changed to kgha − 1 . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data for this experiment were analyzed with the help of STATIX 8.1. at probability level (5%) means were compared through LSD test. RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION Plant height (cm) Plant height data are shown in table 1. The statistically analyzed data showed that plant height was affected significantly by nitrogen application. The highest plant height (78.9 cm) was observed from application of 160 kg N ha -1 and minimum plant height (72.6 cm) was noted from control. The maximum plant height (78.4cm) was observed in the variety Wadan-17, while the least plant height (72.4 cm) was noted in PS-15. Interaction of both was a non-significant. Enhancement in height of plants could be attributed to the satisfactory influence of nitrogen on improving efficient plant growth characters. Plant height was gradually increased with every successive dose of Nitrogen. Resulted in more dry matter accumulation may be due to increased N rates could help to improve more leaf area, which results higher photo assimilates. Significant enhancement in photosynthates facilitates an adequate quantity of energy to plants, which ultimately maximizes plant height. Beside this, nitrogen also facilitates cell division. The shoot length of plants is enhanced considerably due to the imperative role of cell division [6]. [14] supported these results. [2] also presented similar outcomes and [19] reported who carried out research on two wheat varieties which were Bakhar-2000 and Inqalab-91. Number of tillers plant -1 Table 1 showed the impact of different N levels on number of tiller plant -1 in different wheat varieties. No. of tiller plant -1 significantly affected by the application of nitrogen as shown by statistically analyzed data. Maximum no. of (9.6) tiller/plant was found out from the treatment receiving nitrogen dose @ 160 kg N ha -1 while the least number of tiller plant -1 (7.8) was recorded from control. In case of cultivar maximum number of (9.8) tiller plant -1 was recorded in variety Khaista-17, while the lowest number of (8.7) tiller plant -1 was observed in PS-15. A non-significant interaction was recorded among nitrogen and varieties. The increased levels of nitrogen can maximize the no. of fertile tillers because the mortality of tillers is reduced and resulted in the production of many more no. of tillers from stem. [5] These outcomes are in agreement with [15]; [7]. These findings are in lined with [20] who stated that 120 kg N/ha gave the greater no. of tillers per m 2 . Number of leaves per plant The no. of leaves per plant in different varieties of wheat as impacted significantly by various N levels are presented in table 1. With applying nitrogen @ 160 kg N ha -1 , the maximum no. of (5.4) of leaves per plant was observed and least no. of leaves plant -1 (4.3) was recorded from control treatment. Highest number of (5.5) of leaves per plant was recorded in variety Khaista-17 while less number of (4.3) of leaves plant -1 was noted in PS-15. The interaction between nitrogen and varieties was recorded non-significant. Application of nitrogen fertilizer to the wheat crop affected leaf area, shoot and leaf growth as well as enhances the photosynthesis process in plants. With increase in no. of tiller/plant may enhance the no. of leaves per plant and leaf area which may led to improve photosynthetic process activity [4]. This capacity can be allied with application of higher nitrogen level which largely activate and boost the plant to grow vigorously due to which all the yield components may enhanced. [9]; [11] also found the same findings who noted that due to nitrogen fertilization an increase may occur in the height of plant. Number of spikes per plant Table 1 depicted that nitrogen had significantly affected the number of spikes per plant. Maximum number of spikes per plant (7.2) was recorded from the treatment of 160 kg N ha -1 and least no. of spikes plant -1 (5.7) was taken from control. In terms of greater number of (5.7) spikes plant -1 was taken in variety Khaista-17, while minimum number of (5.9) was observed in PS-15. Non-significant interaction was found between nitrogen and different varieties. With greater rate of nitrogen and phosphorus number of spikes per meter in wheat was significantly improved [2]; [12]. [10] stated that maximum tillers number per plant, stand of the crop will be better, which finally enhances the production. These results are supported by [1]. Number of spikelet spike -1 In table 2 revealed that the no. of spikelets per spike of wheat different varieties as influenced by various levels of nitrogen on wheat varieties. No. of spikelet spike -1 had significantly impacted with application of different nitrogen doses depicted from analyzed statistical data. Highest no. of spikelet spike -1 (20.4) was noted from 160 kg N ha -1 dose of treatment while least number of spikelet spike -1 (17.8) was observed from zero dose of N or in control treatment. In case of highest no. of spikelet per spike (21.1) was recorded in variety Khaista-17, while less number of (17.9) was observed in PS-15. Non-significant interaction was found between nitrogen and varieties. [4] described that increased levels of nitrogen enhanced number of spikelet spike -1 . [21] stated that increased nitrogen levels improved yield of wheat. This fact might be due to that high nitrogen rates increase vegetative plant growth as well as grain formation. Table 1: Impact of different nitrogen levels in various wheat varieties on number of tiller plant -1 , number of leaves plant -1 , plant height (cm) and number of grain spike -1 . Nitrogen (kg ha -1 ) Plant height (cm) No. of tiller plant -1 No. of leaves plant -1 No. of spikes plant -1 0 72.6 7.8 4.3 5.7 40 74.2 8.5 4.6 6.1 80 75.0 8.8 4.8 6.3 120 77.7 9.1 5.1 6.7 160 78.9 9.6 5.4 7.2 LSD value at α 0.05 4.425 0.942 0.511 0.794 Varieties Khaista-17 75.5 9.6 5.7 6.7 Pasina-17 76.4 8.4 4.8 6.1 Wadan-17 78.4 8.2 4.7 6.8 PS-15 72.4 8.7 4.3 5.9 LSD @ at α 0.05 3.958 0.843 0.457 0.710 Interactions of N x V ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- Significance Level N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S: Non-significant; N: Nitrogen; V: Varieties Spike length (cm) Different levels of nitrogen and various wheat varieties significantly affected spike length presented in table 2. The maximum length of spike (11.4 cm) was observed from application @ 160 kg N/ha, while in control lowest spike length (9.7 cm) was observed. In regards of wheat cultivars highest spike length (12.5 cm) was observed in the variety of Khaista-17 and lowest spike length (9.5 cm) from PS-15. The non-significant interaction among varieties and nitrogen was found. [6] recorded that spike length of wheat crop was enhanced with increased levels of nitrogen. [3] revealed different spike length in different wheat lines. [16] stated that high dose application of nitrogen enhanced spike length or ear. This fact might be due to that vegetative growth of wheat crop is enhanced by nitrogen and promoted upper portion of plants above ground. Number of grains spike -1 The analyzed data indicated that number of grain spike -1 had positively impacted by nitrogen table 2. Maximum no. of grains spike -1 (62.7) was obtained from the dose of 160 kg N ha -1 while least number of grain spike -1 (58.2) were recorded in control. In case of wheat varieties maximum number of grain spike -1 (65.3) were recorded in variety Khaista-17 and minimum grain number spike -1 (55.9) was observed in variety PS-15. This fact might be due to that application of nitrogen had postponed leaf senescence, produced fertile spikelets and sustained photosynthesis during grain filling stage which may developed to a greater grains number spike -1 . The varieties and nitrogen interaction were significant. [8] stated that grain spike -1 improved with the treatment of nitrogen. [4] and [2] stated that split nitrogen application was positively grain spike -1 . These findings are in line with [8], who recorded that grains per spike was enhanced at 120 kg N/ha. Grain yield (kgha -1 ) Maximum grain yield (4299.1 kgha -1 ) was recorded from level of 160 kg N ha -1 and least grain yield (4015.8 kgha -1 ) was observed from control treatment. The greater grain yield (4665.6 kgha -1 ) was noted in the variety Khaista-17, while lowest grain yield (3698.3 kgha -1 ) was noted in PS-15. This might be due to increasing N application rate and enough supply of nutrients during grain filling stage. Nitrogen availability has great potential and influence on yield and growth as it enhances photosynthesis, number of leaves and the leaf area of plants [13]. Grain yield (kgha -1 ) was highly influenced by different nitrogen levels. It might be due to an increase in shoot length, as well as leaf area, number of leaves leading to improve photosynthetic process activity which enhance dry weight (Alam et al ., 2007). These findings are parallel in line with [17]. Table 2: Impact of different nitrogen doses on spike length (cm), number of spikelet spike -1 , number of grain spike -1 and grain yield (kgha -1 ) of different varieties. Nitrogen (kg ha -1 ) No. of spikelet spike -1 Spike length (cm) Number of grain spike -1 Grain yield (kgha -1 ) 0 17.8 9.7 58.2 4015.8 40 18.9 10.6 60.8 4097.5 80 19.6 10.8 61.7 4247.3 120 19.8 11.1 62.3 4162.0 160 20.4 11.4 62.7 4299.1 LSD at α 0.05 1.031 0.697 2.690 195.980 Varieties Khaista-17 21.1 12.5 65.3 4465.6 Pasina-17 18.7 10.3 60.7 4194.8 Wadan-17 19.5 10.7 62.6 4298.6 PS-15 17.9 9.5 55.9 3698.3 LSD at α 0.05 1.153 0.624 2.406 175.289 Interactions N x V --- --- --- --- Significance Level N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S: Non-significant; N: Nitrogen; V: Varieties CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS All the studied parameters were positively affected with application of various nitrogen levels, concluded from the statistically analyzed data. Highest plant height (cm), tiller plant -1 , no. of leaves plant -1 , spike length (cm), number of spikes plant -1 , spikelet spike -1 , grain per spikeas well as grain yield (kgha -1 ) were observed with dose of 160 kg N ha -1 and minimum were observed from control. In the variety Wadan-17 the highest plant height (cm) was observed, while maximum tiller plant -1 , no. of leaves plant -1 , length of spike (cm), no. of spikes per plant, spikelet number per spike, grain per spike and grain yield (kgha -1 ) were observed in Khaista-17 and with lowest from PS-15. The interaction of varieties and nitrogen was non-significant. Higher dose of nitrogen in split doses and Khaista-17 wheat variety is recommended for agro-climatic condition for irrigated land of district Bajaur. Declarations ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Experiments was manipulated and designed: Hammad, Conducted the research experiment: Aziz Ullah, Analyzed & manipulated the data: M. Tahir and T. Ahmad Contributed materials /reagents/analysing tools: Z Jan and Zubair Shah, Wrote the paper: Aziz Ullah. CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors declare that they have no competing interests. References Akhtar MM. Effect of varying levels of N on growth and yield performance of two new wheat cultivars. University of Agriculture Faisalabad: Pakistan; 2003; 4:438–439 Ali MA, Randhawa MA, Ghafoor CA, Ali L, Yamin M. Effect of phosphorus application methods on yield of wheat. Pak J Life Soc Sci. 2004;2:185–187. Ali A, Ahmad A, Syed WH, Khaliq T, Asif M, Aziz M, Mubeen M. Effects of nitrogen on growth and yield components of wheat. Int J Agric Sci Lahore. 2011;23:331–332. Ali Y, Atta BM, Akhter J, Monneveux P, Lateef Z. Genetic variability, association and diversity studies in wheat Triticum aestivum L. germplasm. Pak J Bot. 2011;40:2087–2097. Anwar M. Physiological aspects of grain development in two wheat varieties as influenced by nitrogen application. 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08:56:49","extension":"xml","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":63852,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"350b5da09ffa42be84ae6dac124a83f31structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757964/v1/9a9e709c79ad144c0523f3b1.xml"},{"id":93571638,"identity":"973ef394-d753-4b22-8f92-9a4cabedea5c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 09:04:49","extension":"html","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":66693,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757964/v1/3a16965f26afb5a2a9b366cc.html"},{"id":93570460,"identity":"d55ce134-395a-4196-bd15-900fda9ebad3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 08:56:49","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":111834,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eGraphical data for Plant Height, No. Tillers, Plant height and No. Spikes.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757964/v1/7fb05620c7833867eabb5778.png"},{"id":93570459,"identity":"6fca5c25-5a6d-48cc-929a-43040c5b4cbf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 08:56:49","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":142246,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePlant height, tillers, leaves and spikes plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757964/v1/42beb34c62fcf4f6cd45eca6.png"},{"id":93823697,"identity":"5ce1e38c-3905-4430-9d3a-767b1ecd9d50","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-18 05:31:39","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":719333,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7757964/v1/6c2aee49-eb5c-487c-8d95-8c46fc6b98de.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eImpact of Different Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield and Varietal Performance of Wheat Under the Agro-climatic Condition of District Bajaur\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eWheat (\u003cem\u003eTriticum aestivum\u003c/em\u003e L.) is an essential crop among food grain crops cultivated in the world. It is a member of the family gramineae and is a leading major cereal crop, used to make flour for cakes, breads, pasta, cookies, and noodles as well as for fermentation to make alcohol and beer [13]. In Pakistan wheat is considered as a main food crop, which is grown on larger scale in our country. In Pakistan the average yield of the wheat is too less than their potential yield although it has been secured its position in the world among top ten major wheat producing countries. In Pakistan low yield per unit area are due to many agronomic and physiological factors [17].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrowing the most feasible varieties acclimatized to the environmental conditions especially due to which the self-sufficiency in wheat can be obtained by adoption of new improved technology of wheat. Remarkable increase has been resulted in the yield per unit area throughout the world due to the development of new wheat varieties. For studying agronomic treatments across environments, yield stability and predicting yield performance of varieties, multi-environment trials are required in agronomy and plant breeding [22]. On the other side, wheat requirements and demand of the country are increasing due to increase in population at higher rate [3]. In Pakistan, the present productivity of wheat is lower than the production of other wheat crop cultivating countries of the world. This might be due to improper, imbalance, insufficient use of fertilizer application. It might be socio economic constraints, very low due to lack of availability of certified seeds for crop cultivation, and high prices of synthetic fertilizers due to which most of the small farmers use improper fertilizers [18].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNitrogen is considered an important among macronutrients and having a major function in metabolism of plants. It is a vital component of protein and whole body developmental processes in plants are allied with protein. Therefore, utilization of nitrogen is important in the form of chemical available fertilizer to obtain more crop production. Nitrogenous fertilizer is having a key role to affect the no. of grains spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, number of tillers m\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e, spike length (cm), 1000- grain weight (g) and no. of spikelets per spike. Keeping in view the essentiality of nitrogen for crop productivity, this research was designed to determine the optimum nitrogen requirement and identify the best-yielding wheat varieties in terms of production, with specific focus on studying the effect of nitrogen on different wheat varieties and investigating their response to the application of varying nitrogen doses.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"MATERIALS AND METHODS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis research was performed to investigate the effect of effect of different nitrogen levels on production of various wheat varieties at Research trial field, Agric. Research Merged Area, District Bajaur. RCBD experimental design with three replicates was assigned for the experiment. Field was prepared as per recommended practices for wheat using cultivator followed by rotavator. Five various nitrogen doses were used @ 0, 40, 80, 120 \u0026amp; 160 kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e. Four different wheat varieties (Khaista-17, PS-15, Wadan-17 and Pasina-17) were sown at research trial field. In two splits nitrogen application was done; 50% with first irrigation and 50% at jointing stage. Considering the requirements of crop and weather conditions irrigation water was applied at proper growth stages. Weeds were eradicated chemically using weedicides after 30 to 50 days of emergence of crop for keeping the weed population under threshold level. Uniform agronomic practices were carried out for all plots. At optimum wheat crop maturity was reaped. Plants were sun dried from each plot, after reaping the crop. Later on, again for few days\u0026rsquo; spikes were disjointed from the stalk were sun dried and then threshed. Data were taken on tiller plant\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, no. of grain spike\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, number of leaves plant\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, plant height (cm), no. of spikelet per spike, spike length (cm) and grain yield (kgha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe data was collected on these parameters. For plant heights twenty plants in each plot at physiological were randomly selected maturity then calculated its average. Tillers per plant was taken in each plot by counting twenty randomly selected plants and then mean was computed. No. of leaves plant\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e was counted in each plant of twenty randomly selected plants from each plot and its mean was taken. Spike length was observed by measuring the length of chosen twenty spikes in each selected plot and its mean was taken. By counting no. of spikelets in every randomly selected twenty spikes, then number of spikelets per spike was counted. Grains per spike was observed by calculating wheat grains in each plot in selected spikes and its average was computed. For biological yield, in each plot four rows having two-meter length were harvested, dried, the taken weight and finally were changed into kgha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e. Grain yield were observed by harvesting four rows of two-meter length in each plot tied into small bundles sundried and were threshed for observing grain yield and was changed to kgha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe data for this experiment were analyzed with the help of STATIX 8.1. at probability level (5%) means were compared through LSD test.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlant height (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlant height data are shown in table 1. The statistically analyzed data showed that plant height was affected significantly by nitrogen application. The highest plant height (78.9 cm) was observed from application of 160 kg N ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eand\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eminimum plant height (72.6 cm) was noted from control. The maximum plant height (78.4cm) was observed in the variety Wadan-17, while the least plant height (72.4 cm) was noted in PS-15. Interaction of both was a non-significant. Enhancement in height of plants could be attributed to the satisfactory influence of nitrogen on improving efficient plant growth characters. Plant height was gradually increased with every successive dose of Nitrogen. Resulted in more dry matter accumulation may be due to increased N rates could help to improve more leaf area, which results higher photo assimilates. Significant enhancement in photosynthates facilitates an adequate quantity of energy to plants, which ultimately maximizes plant height. Beside this, nitrogen also facilitates cell division. The shoot length of plants is enhanced considerably due to the imperative role of cell division [6]. [14] supported these results. [2] also presented similar outcomes and [19] reported who carried out research on two wheat varieties which were Bakhar-2000 and Inqalab-91.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of tillers plant\u003csup\u003e-1 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1 showed the impact of different N levels on number of tiller plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e in different wheat varieties. No. of tiller plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e significantly affected by the application of nitrogen as shown by statistically analyzed data.\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eMaximum no. of (9.6) tiller/plant was found out from the treatment receiving nitrogen dose @ 160 kg N ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003ewhile the least number of tiller plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (7.8) was recorded from control. In case of cultivar maximum number of (9.8) tiller plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e was recorded in variety Khaista-17, while the lowest number of (8.7) tiller plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e was observed in PS-15. A non-significant interaction was recorded among nitrogen and varieties. The increased levels of nitrogen can maximize the no. of fertile tillers because the mortality of tillers is reduced and resulted in the production of many more no. of tillers from stem. [5] These outcomes are in agreement with [15]; [7]. These findings are in lined with [20] who stated that 120 kg N/ha gave the greater no. of tillers per m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of leaves per plant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe no. of leaves per plant in different varieties of wheat as impacted significantly by various N levels are presented in table 1.\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eWith applying nitrogen @ 160 kg N ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e,\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003ethe maximum no. of (5.4) of leaves per plant\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003ewas observed and least no. of leaves plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (4.3) was recorded from control treatment. Highest number of (5.5) of leaves per plant\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003ewas recorded in variety Khaista-17 while less number of (4.3) of leaves plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003ewas noted in PS-15. The interaction between nitrogen and varieties was recorded non-significant. Application of nitrogen fertilizer to the wheat crop affected leaf area, shoot and leaf growth as well as enhances the photosynthesis process in plants. With increase in no. of tiller/plant may enhance the no. of leaves per plant and leaf area which may led to improve photosynthetic process activity [4]. This capacity can be allied with application of higher nitrogen level which largely activate and boost the plant to grow vigorously due to which all the yield components may enhanced. [9]; [11] also found the same findings who noted that due to nitrogen fertilization an increase may occur in the height of plant.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of spikes per plant\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1 depicted that nitrogen had significantly affected the number of spikes per plant.\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eMaximum number of spikes per plant (7.2) was recorded from the treatment of 160 kg N ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eand least no. of spikes plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e(5.7) was taken from control. In terms of greater number of (5.7) spikes plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003ewas taken in variety Khaista-17, while minimum number of (5.9) was observed in PS-15. Non-significant interaction was found between nitrogen and different varieties. With greater rate of nitrogen and phosphorus number of spikes per meter in wheat was significantly improved [2]; [12]. [10] stated that maximum tillers number per plant, stand of the crop will be better, which finally enhances the production. These results are supported by [1].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of spikelet spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn table 2 revealed that the no. of spikelets per spike\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eof wheat different varieties as influenced by various levels of nitrogen on wheat varieties. No. of spikelet spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003ehad significantly impacted with application of different nitrogen\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003edoses depicted from analyzed statistical data. Highest no. of spikelet spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e(20.4) was noted from 160 kg N ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003edose of treatment\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003ewhile least number of spikelet spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e(17.8) was observed from zero dose of N or in control treatment. In case of highest no. of spikelet per spike\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e(21.1) was recorded in variety Khaista-17, while less number of (17.9) was observed in PS-15. Non-significant interaction was found between nitrogen and varieties. [4] described that increased levels of nitrogen enhanced number of spikelet spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e. [21] stated that increased nitrogen levels improved yield of wheat. This fact might be due to that high nitrogen rates increase vegetative plant growth as well as grain formation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eImpact of different nitrogen levels in various wheat varieties on number of tiller plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, number of leaves plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e,\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eplant height (cm) and number of grain spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"99%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNitrogen (kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlant height (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo. of tiller plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo. of leaves plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo. of spikes plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLSD value at\u0026nbsp;\u0026alpha;\u0026nbsp;0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.425\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.942\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.511\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.794\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVarieties\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhaista-17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePasina-17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWadan-17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePS-15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLSD @ at\u0026nbsp;\u0026alpha;\u0026nbsp;0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.958\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.843\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.457\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.710\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInteractions of N x V\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-----------\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-----------\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-----------\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-----------\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSignificance Level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN.S\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN.S\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN.S\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN.S\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eN.S:\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eNon-significant; N: Nitrogen; V: Varieties\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpike length (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDifferent levels of nitrogen and various wheat varieties significantly affected spike length presented in table 2. The maximum length of spike (11.4 cm) was observed from application @ 160 kg N/ha, while in control lowest spike length (9.7 cm) was observed. In regards of wheat cultivars highest spike length (12.5 cm) was observed in the variety of Khaista-17 and lowest spike length (9.5 cm) from PS-15. The non-significant interaction among varieties and nitrogen was found. [6] recorded that spike length of wheat crop was enhanced with increased levels of nitrogen. [3] revealed different spike length in different wheat lines. [16] stated that high dose application of nitrogen enhanced spike length or ear. This fact might be due to that vegetative growth of wheat crop is enhanced by nitrogen and promoted upper portion of plants above ground.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of grains spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe analyzed data indicated that number of grain spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003ehad positively impacted by nitrogen table 2.\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eMaximum no. of grains spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (62.7) was obtained from the dose of 160 kg N ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003ewhile least number of grain spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (58.2) were recorded\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003ein control. In case of wheat varieties maximum number of grain spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e(65.3) were recorded in variety Khaista-17 and minimum grain number spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e(55.9) was observed in variety PS-15. This fact might be due to that application of nitrogen had postponed leaf senescence, produced fertile spikelets and sustained photosynthesis during grain filling stage which may developed to a greater grains number spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e. The varieties and nitrogen interaction were significant. [8] stated that grain spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eimproved with the treatment of nitrogen. [4] and [2] stated that split nitrogen application was positively grain spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e. These findings are in line with [8], who recorded that grains per spike was enhanced at 120 kg N/ha.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrain yield (kgha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaximum grain yield (4299.1 kgha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) was recorded from level of 160 kg N ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eand\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eleast grain yield (4015.8 kgha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) was observed from control treatment. The greater grain yield (4665.6 kgha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) was noted in the variety Khaista-17, while lowest grain yield (3698.3 kgha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) was noted in PS-15. This might be due to increasing N application rate and enough supply of nutrients during grain filling stage. Nitrogen availability has great potential and influence on yield and growth as it enhances photosynthesis, number of leaves and the leaf area of plants [13].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrain yield (kgha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) was highly influenced by different nitrogen levels. It might be due to an increase in shoot length, as well as leaf area, number of leaves leading to improve photosynthetic process activity which enhance dry weight (Alam \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2007). These findings are parallel in line with [17].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2: Impact of different nitrogen doses on spike length (cm), number of spikelet spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, number of grain spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e and grain yield (kgha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) of\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003edifferent varieties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"99%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNitrogen (kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo. of spikelet spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpike length (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of grain spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrain yield (kgha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4015.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4097.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4247.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4162.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4299.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLSD at\u0026nbsp;\u0026alpha;\u0026nbsp;0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.031\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.697\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.690\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e195.980\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVarieties\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhaista-17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4465.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePasina-17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4194.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWadan-17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4298.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePS-15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3698.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLSD at\u0026nbsp;\u0026alpha;\u0026nbsp;0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.624\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.406\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;175.289\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInteractions\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN x V\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e---\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e---\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e---\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e---\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSignificance Level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN.S\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN.S\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN.S\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN.S\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eN.S:\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eNon-significant; N: Nitrogen; V: Varieties\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS","content":"\u003cp\u003eAll the studied parameters were positively affected with application of various nitrogen levels, concluded from the statistically analyzed data. Highest plant height (cm), tiller plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, no. of leaves plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, spike length (cm), number of spikes plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, spikelet spike\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, grain per spikeas well as grain yield (kgha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) were observed with dose of 160 kg N ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e and minimum were observed from control. In the variety Wadan-17 the highest plant height (cm) was observed, while maximum tiller plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, no. of leaves plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, length of spike (cm), no. of spikes per plant, spikelet number per spike, grain per spike and grain yield (kgha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) were observed in Khaista-17 and with lowest from PS-15. The interaction of varieties and nitrogen was non-significant. Higher dose of nitrogen in split doses and Khaista-17 wheat variety is recommended for agro-climatic condition for irrigated land of district Bajaur.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACKNOWLEDGEMENT:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eExperiments was manipulated and designed: Hammad, Conducted the research experiment: Aziz Ullah, Analyzed \u0026amp; manipulated the data: M. Tahir and T. Ahmad Contributed materials /reagents/analysing tools: Z Jan and Zubair Shah, Wrote the paper: Aziz Ullah.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCONFLICT OF INTEREST\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;The authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAkhtar MM. Effect of varying levels of N on growth and yield performance of two new wheat cultivars. University of Agriculture Faisalabad: Pakistan; 2003; 4:438\u0026ndash;439\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAli MA, Randhawa MA, Ghafoor CA, Ali L, Yamin M. Effect of phosphorus application methods on yield of wheat. Pak J Life Soc Sci. 2004;2:185\u0026ndash;187.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAli A, Ahmad A, Syed WH, Khaliq T, Asif M, Aziz M, Mubeen M. Effects of nitrogen on growth and yield components of wheat. Int J Agric Sci Lahore. 2011;23:331\u0026ndash;332.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAli Y, Atta BM, Akhter J, Monneveux P, Lateef Z. Genetic variability, association and diversity studies in wheat Triticum aestivum L. germplasm. Pak J Bot. 2011;40:2087\u0026ndash;2097.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAnwar M. Physiological aspects of grain development in two wheat varieties as influenced by nitrogen application. MSc Thesis, Dept Crop Physiology, Univ Agric Faisalabad\u0026ndash;Pakistan; 1988;10:230-238.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAsadi GA, Ghorbani R, Khorramdel S, Azizi G. Effects of wheat straw and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of garlic Allium sativum L. J Agric Sci Sustainable Prod. 2014;23:157\u0026ndash;168.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBehera UK, Sharma KC. Effect of irrigation in fertility levels on the yield of wheat in Tarai. Orissa J Agric Res. 1991;1\u0026ndash;2:130\u0026ndash;132.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGuler M, Akbay G. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on protein yield of common wheat Triticum aestivum L. Turk J Agric For. 2000;24:317\u0026ndash;325.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGwal HB, Tiwari RJ, Jain RC, Prajapati FS. Effect of different levels of fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of late sown wheat. RACHIS Newsl. 1999;18:42\u0026ndash;44.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJamwal JS, Bhagat KL. Response of wheat Triticum aestivum L. to top dressing of diammonium phosphate in rainfed areas of Shivalik foothills. Indian J Agron. 2004;49:251\u0026ndash;253.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJan MT, Shah M, Khan S. Type of N fertilizer, rate and timing effect on wheat production. Sarhad J Agric. 2002;18:405\u0026ndash;410.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJiang ZQ, Feng CN, Huang LL, Guo WS, Zhu XK, Peng YX. Effect of phosphorus application on dry matter production and phosphorus uptake in wheat. Plant Nutr Fert Sci. 2006;12:628\u0026ndash;634.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKhan HU, Khattak AM, Mahsud IU, Munir A, Ali S, Khan MH, Shah SH. Impact of class attendance upon examination results of students in basic medical sciences. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2003;15:1\u0026ndash;2.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMandal NN, Chaudhry PP, Sinha D. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potash uptake of wheat var. Sonalika. Environ Ecol. 1992;10:297.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMartin RJ, Sutton HK, Muyle TN, Gillespie RN. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of six cultivars of autumn sown wheat. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci. 1992;20:273\u0026ndash;282.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOlesen JE, Jorgensen LN, Mortensen JV. Irrigation strategy, nitrogen application and fungicide control in winter wheat on a sandy soil. J Agric Sci. 2000;134:13\u0026ndash;23.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOttman MJ, Doerge TA, Martin EC. Durum grain quality as affected by nitrogen fertilization near anthesis and irrigation during grain fill. Agron J. 2000;92:1035\u0026ndash;1041.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePathak H, Wasmann CR, Ladha JK. Stimulation of nitrogen in rice\u0026ndash;wheat systems of Indo-Gangetic plains. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 2006;70:612\u0026ndash;622.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSadat M, Bhatti AK. Effect of N and P levels on the yield of wheat cultivars. Pak J Agric Res. 2008;4:41\u0026ndash;43.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSingh S, Bhan VM. Response of wheat Triticum aestivum L. and associated weeds to irrigation regime, nitrogen and 2,4-D. Indian J Agron. 1998;43:662\u0026ndash;667.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSteel RGD, Torrie JH. Principles and procedures of statistics. 2nd ed. McGraw Hill Book Co., Singapore; 1984. p. 172\u0026ndash;177.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eVaughan JG, Judd PA. Variation in rheological properties of gluten from three biscuit wheat cultivars in relation to nitrogen fertilization. J Cereal Sci. 2003;46:132\u0026ndash;138.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Grain yield, Khaista-17, nitrogen, plant height PS-15, spike length and varieties","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7757964/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7757964/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eNitrogen is one of the important among nutrients to increase the productivity of wheat crop. This experiment was planned to find out impact of various levels of nitrogen on different wheat varieties. The research was performed at the Substation of Agricultural Research (MAs), district Bajaur during winter season 2024, using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Different nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80,120 and 160 kg/ha) were applied on four different varieties of wheat (Khaista-17, PS-15, Wadan-17 and Pasina-17). The results indicated that nitrogen levels and varieties have significantly affected plant height (78.9 cm), tiller plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (9.6), no. of leaves plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (5.4), spike length (11.4cm), number of spikes plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (7.2), number of spikelet spike\u003csup\u003e-1 \u003c/sup\u003e(20.4), grain spike\u003csup\u003e-1 \u003c/sup\u003e(62.7) and grain yield (2499.1 kgha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) were recorded with application of nitrogen @ 160 kgha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e. In case of varieties highest plant height (78.4cm), was recorded in the variety Wadan-17. Maximum spike length (12.5 cm), tiller plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (9.9), number of leaves plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (5.7), spike length (12.5 cm), number of spikes plant\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (6.8), spikelet spike\u003csup\u003e-1 \u003c/sup\u003e(21.1), grain spike\u003csup\u003e-1 \u003c/sup\u003e(65.3) and grain yield (4465.6 kgha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) were observed in variety Khaista-17 followed by Wadan-17. Non-significant interaction was recorded against varieties and nitrogen. It is concluded that variety Khaista-17 has obtained highest grain yield whereas nitrogen was given @ 160 kg N ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e has provided grain yield of (4465.6 kgha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Impact of Different Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield and Varietal Performance of Wheat Under the Agro-climatic Condition of District Bajaur","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-15 08:56:44","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7757964/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ae1523f9-98b5-441a-8a10-3e22ea4e67fe","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 15th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-18T05:23:32+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-15 08:56:44","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7757964","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7757964","identity":"rs-7757964","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}