A Comprehensive Review of Power Electronics Technologies in Enhancing Optimal Power Flow in Modern Power Systems

The increasing global energy demand and growing complexity of power systems present substantial challenges in optimizing power system operations. The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem focuses on adjusting control variables such as generator outputs, transformer tap settings, and reactive power compensator inputs to minimize generation costs, system losses, and voltage deviations, thus enhancing power system performance. Traditional control methods are often inadequate for addressing the intricate operational demands of modern power systems. In contrast, advancements in power electronics technologies, particularly through high-power devices like Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTSs) and Static Var Compensators (SVCs), offer robust solutions. These technologies significantly improve control flexibility and system stability by dynamically adjusting transmission line parameters and managing reactive power swiftly. FACTSs and SVCs are instrumental in bolstering grid stability, elevating power quality, and enhancing overall system efficiency. Current research is exploring diverse approaches to further exploit the capabilities of these power electronic devices in OPF, aiming to overcome challenges related to modeling accuracy, real-time operation, and economic feasibility. This review thoroughly examines the role of FACTSs and SVCs in OPF, detailing their pivotal contributions and the persistent challenges in optimizing power systems, and outlines prospective research directions. These insights are crucial for advancing power system research and practical engineering implementations.