Investigating the effect of chitosanon gene P5CS, PIP, PAL expression in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under salt stress

Abstract Background Chitosan, as a non-toxic and biodegradable substance, promotes plant growth and increases the production of secondary metabolites, offering innovative strategies to alleviate plant stress. Salinity is a common abiotic stress that significantly hinders plant growth and development. Results This study explores the impact of chitosan on physiological, biochemical, and gene expression responses (PAL, SOD, APX) in salt-stressed Brassica napus L.plants exposed to NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 mM). Chitosan application via foliar spray at concentrations of 0, 5, and 10 mg/liter was investigated. The research evaluates gene expression changes (P5CS, PIP, PAL) in Brassica napus L. roots and shoots, highlighting significant alterations induced by chitosan, particularly in PIP expression under saline conditions. Enhanced PAL1 enzyme activity, increased chlorophyll and proline levels, and shifts in iron, potassium, and nitrogen content underscore chitosan's potential to enhance salt stress resilience in plants. Conclusion Chitosan application alters gene expression (PAL, SOD, APX), enhances PAL, SOD, APX activity, and boosts chlorophyll and proline levels in salt-stressed Brassica napus L. plants. It also affects nutrient content, indicating its potential to improve plant resilience against salinity, offering valuable insights for agricultural applications.