The CPEC is expected to have significant socio-cultural and demographic effects on the local community of Gilgit-Baltistan.

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Basit Ali, Sikandar Khan, Dr. Shakeel Ahmad, Dr. Haji Ur Rahman4 This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4794378/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract It is expected that the CPEC will transmute the whole society of Pakistan particularly the society of Gilgit-Baltistan as Gilgit-Baltistan is the entranceway of CPEC to Pakistan. All the road networks, communication systems such as fibre optics, as well as gas and oil pipelines, must travel through this area. Aiming at finding the expected socio-cultural and demographic impacts of CPEC on local community of Gilgit-Baltistan. The data from 150 respondents from the local community residing at Gilgit-Baltistan were used for data analysis. Initially the frequency and percentage distribution were checked and then the hypotheses were tested using Chi-square test with SPSS version21. The findings of this research verify that the family and religious institution will have a significant impact of CPEC. CPEC will also bring linguistic and life style changes in Gilgit-Baltistan. It is expected that the CPEC will lead to migration of rural population towards urban areas. Sociology CPEC Social Impact Cultural Impact Demographic Impact Gilgit-Baltistan Introduction Globalization has intensified and significantly altered the global economy since the inception of the twenty-first century (Arrfat 2017 ). As an outcome of enhanced connectivity, both physically and virtually, the trend in global collaboration has transitioned from bilateral to multilateral endeavors. Consequently, economic corridors have emerged worldwide, providing substantial advantages to the nations that participate. One of the most contentious initiatives of the twenty-first century is the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). 'One Belt, One Road' (OBOR) is a global initiative that seeks to connect the world as a result of China's initiative to open up the world (Arrfat 2017 b). CPEC is anticipated to transform the entirety of Pakistani society, with a particular emphasis on Gilgit-Baltistan. This will be achieved by connecting Pakistan's Karachi and Gawadar ports to Chinese and Central Asian centers, as well as Europa and Africa. The CPEC project is a network of roads, highways, railways, airports, and energy pipelines that would connect all of Pakistan's provinces for the purpose of commerce and tourism. This is evident from a cursory examination of the project's routes. (Yasin & Qasim, 2020 ) Gilgit-Baltistan is a critical component of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which links China with the remainder of Pakistan. Consequently, all road networks, communication systems, gas and oil pipelines, and fiber optics must pass through this region (Ramachandran, 2016 ). These railways, highways, airports, and other modalities of transportation, communications, and technology are perceived as modernizing agents and sources of socio-cultural change, as per (Zheng & Bohier 2021 ). These modernizing agents, according to sociologists, have a significant impact on the socio-cultural patterns of society in any given region and are instrumental in the implementation of socio-cultural change. The establishment of economic corridors has emerged as a new trend in Asia, with the objective of promoting regional collaboration among nations. (Ali et al., 2020 ) Corridors are crucial for the purpose of connecting the world's economically prosperous regions with the world's less developed regions. Corridors are a viable option for landlocked nations to gain access to foreign markets through sea roots. Cultural, religious, ethnic, and political institutional exchanges, as well as power and colonial mechanisms, have long been recognized as being fundamentally influenced by interregional and intercultural connectedness. The development of a multi-cultural civilization has been facilitated by the establishment of a transportation and connection system that is influenced by environmental, religious, socio-cultural, and ethnic factors. (Yasin & Qasim, 2020 b) CPEC's gateway is Gilgit-Baltistan. Therefore, the CPEC has a greater impact on Gilgit-Baltistan than on the other provinces of the country. The CPEC road and transportation initiative has the potential to enhance the living conditions of local communities in Gilgit-Baltistan by establishing global connections. Ali et al. ( 2018 ) The improvement of infrastructure, roads, and the economy will facilitate access to essential amenities, including health, education, banking, and the market, through the CPEC. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is a regional connectivity structure, as per the CPEC Secretariat at the Ministry for Planning, Development & Special Initiatives. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is a step toward economic regionalization in the contemporary globalized world. In addition to China and Pakistan, the CPEC will affect Iran, Afghanistan, India, and the Central Asian Republic. Enhanced understanding through academic, cultural, and regional knowledge and culture, activity of a greater volume of business and trade stream, creation and movement of energy to have more efficient businesses, and advancement of cooperation will result in the emergence of a well-connected and integrated region. This will be achieved through improved road, rail, and air transportation systems, frequent and free exchanges of growth and people-to-people contact, and the advancement of cooperation. This investigation investigates the impact of CPEC on the cultural identity of local communities. Previous research has demonstrated that cultural values have a substantial impact on the adoption or modification of individuals' perspectives. It is imperative to take into account the cultural perspectives of the local community, as they may be associated with the project's advancement. Despite the substantial number of studies on CPEC, the socio-cultural and demographic implications of the project, particularly in the Gilgit-Baltistan region, have received relatively little attention. Consequently, the objective of this research is to ascertain the sociocultural and demographic repercussions of the CPEC initiative. The objective is to ascertain the perspective of local residents regarding their evolving behaviors, demography, moral values, and culture. Problem of Statement Gilgit-Baltistan is one of Pakistan's least developed regions. It is anticipated that the CPEC will transform the entire society of Pakistan, with a particular emphasis on Gilgit-Baltistan. Gilgit-Baltistan is a critical component of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and serves as a gateway to the CPEC, which connects China with the remainder of Pakistan. Therefore, it is imperative that all developmental initiatives and processes pass through this region. Conversely, the community has not yet been entirely prepared to embrace these modifications. It is crucial to investigate the socio-cultural and demographic trends that CPEC will induce in this region in order to make informed policy decisions and create a strategy for Gilgit-Baltistan to capitalize on the project's potential benefits. When foreign forms of life are introduced to less developed societies, changes in attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors may occur, according to (Peggy Teo). The local cultures are at risk due to the developmental changes, and it is uncertain what measures will be taken in advance to address the challenges that will arise in the preservation of the culture. Initially, the people's primary concern was the magnitude of the issue, as the communities are profoundly rooted in their culture and legacy, and any minor modification to any aspect of these occurrences is perceived as a threat to local cultural norms. Significance of the Study The alterations that have occurred as a result of the development process, such as CPEC, are the focus of this study. This work is a valuable addition to the literature because it establishes a connection between the process of development and the interaction between culture, as well as the socio-cultural and demographic changes that are a result of such developmental initiatives (CPEC). CPEC has garnered significant global recognition as a megaeconomic enterprise. In this era of perpetual expansion, economic corridors are an essential component of the development of every nation. Gilgit-Baltistan is a highly isolated region of Pakistan. The CPEC project has the potential to be a valuable economic instrument; however, it is imperative to measure and estimate its socio-cultural and demographic impacts in order to make appropriate policy decisions and devise a plan for Gilgit-Baltistan to benefit from the project. This research serves as a starting point for comprehending those characteristics and offering practical advice to local residents so that they can remain informed about current developments in a sustainable manner. Research Objectives To study the perception of local community with regards to socio-cultural and demographic impacts caused by CPEC in study area. To investigate the perception of local residents about changes in social settings due to CPEC on its routes in Gilgit-Baltistan in terms of demographic composition. To find out the concerns of local residents about the potential threats to changes in moral values and culture due to CPEC. Research Questions What is perception of local community with regards to socio-cultural and demographic impacts caused by CPEC? What is perception of local residents about changes in social settings due to CPEC on its routes in Gilgit-Baltistan in terms of demographic composition? What are the concerns of local residents about the potential threats to moral values and culture due to CPEC in study area? Research Hypothesis This study has assumed three hypotheses that are mentioned bellow: The CPEC development is expected to have significant influence on life style of local resident of Gilgit-Baltistan. The CPEC development is expected to have significant impact on family and religious institution. If CPEC will lead to develop only urban areas of Gilgit-Baltistan then the rural population of Gilgit-Baltistan will migrate to urban areas. Research Methodology Research Design Research methodology and research design are inextricably linked. The research design is the overarching framework of the research endeavor, while the research methodology is comprised of specific procedures and processes. Quantitative research methodologies are implemented in this investigation. A descriptive research technique is employed in this study's research design to address the research objectives and queries within the quantitative research paradigm. This method is beneficial for assessing the public's perception of changes in the social, cultural, and demographic contexts of the study area. Data is collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The data is gathered through an online survey that is conducted in the subject area. Research Population A research population is a vast collection of individuals who are the focus of a scientific investigation. Researchers are frequently unable to examine each individual due to the significant size of populations, as it is both time-consuming and expensive. This is the reason why sampling techniques are employed. In research, there are two types of populations: the target population and the study population. Target Population The target population is also referred to as the theoretical population. In order to generalize the results of this study to the entire local community of Gilgit-Baltistan, the target population of this study is the entire local community of Gilgit-Baltistan. Study Population Definition of the study population is a critical component of addressing the research concerns. It is imperative to specify the category of participants from which data will be collected. The study population is the operational definition of the intended population (Ha 2012 ). It is also referred to as the accessible population. The study population is a subset of the intended population from which the actual sample is selected. The study population of this study is the local community residing in Gilgit-Baltistan for the past year and is over the age of 18. Consequently, the results of this study are intended to be generalizable to the aforementioned study population. Sampling Sampling is the process of selecting a subset of the population or individuals in order to estimate population characteristics and make statistical inferences. The primary objective of sampling is to obtain a representative sample from a much larger population. In order to fulfill the representativeness requirements, convenient sampling is implemented, and a sample of 150 respondents is selected from the complete local community of Gilgit-Baltistan. Sampling Types and Techniques The non-probability convenient sampling techniques are employed in this study to obtain a reasonable sample size of 150 respondents. This is achieved by requesting that individuals refer individuals they know, who in turn refer others they know, and so forth. This implies that the present study participants recruit prospective study participants from their social circles. and the sample is selected in a non-random manner using this technique. Sample Size The sample size is the quantity of responses to the survey. Due to its representation of a portion of the target population that requires perception. It is referred to as a sample. The sample size of this study is 150 respondents. Justification of sample size With the margin of error 8% and the level of confidence 95% the sample size is become 150 respondents. “N” is the population. “P” population proportion. “e” is the margin of error. “z” is the standard score 1.96 for level of confidence i.e., 95%. Theoretical Framework Sr. No Concept of sample Definitions in this study 1 Target Population Entire local community of Gilgit-Baltistan. 2 Study Population The local community living in Gilgit-Baltistan for last one year and who are above 18 years. 3 Sampling element Single member of local community of Gilgit-Baltistan. 4 Sampling unit Each resident of local community of Gilgit-Baltistan. 5 Sampling Technique Non-probability convenient technique. 6 Sampling Size 150. Data Collection Tools and procedures The most critical aspect of statistical research is data acquisition. It is a methodical process that involves the collection and measurement of data regarding the variable under investigation in order to address the research questions and verify the hypotheses of the study. The data collection process is conducted through a self-structured questionnaire, as the quantitative method is employed in this study. The study employed a Likert Scale response format, which encompassed the following options: completely concur, agree, neutral, disagree, and completely disagree. The internet is employed as a methodology in this research, and data is collected by sending questionnaires to respondents residing in Gilgit-Baltistan. Respondents were permitted to send questionnaires to other respondents they knew. The data was gathered from 150 respondents. Online data collection is another term for this type of data collection. Table 1 Demographic information Profile frequency percentage Age 18–24 25–30 31–40 102 32 16 68% 21.3% 10.7% Gender Male Female 97 53 64.7% 35.3% Residential area District Skardu District Kharmang District Shigar District Ghanche District Hunza District Nagar District Gilgit District Ghizar District Astore 57 22 9 14 9 6 21 4 8 38% 14.7% 6% 9.3% 6% 4% 14% 2.7% 5.3% Qualification Bachelor Undergraduate M.phill Others 57 48 24 21 38% 32% 16% 14% Table 1 shows the age-wise frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents according to the statement, How old are you?" 68% of respondents are 18–24 years old, 21.3% are 25–30 years old, and 10.7% are 31–40 years old. This table shows the gender-wise frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents according to the statement, What is your gender? 64.7% were male and 35.3% were female respondents. This table displays the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents' marital status based on the question, "What is your marital status?" 76% of respondents were unmarried, and 24% were married. This table displays the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents' qualifications based on the question, "What is your qualification?" Most of the respondents are highly educated, with 38% having a bachelor's degree, 16% having an M.Phil. degree, and 32% having an undergraduate degree. 14% of the respondents pursued education in other fields. This table displays the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents' residential areas based on the question, "What is your residential area?" 38% of the respondents are from district Skardu, 14% are from district Gilgit, and 14.7% are from district Kharmang, whereas 6%, 6%, and 5.3% of respondents belong to districts Shigar, Hunza, and Astore, respectively. 9.3%, 5.3%, and 2.7% of respondents live in the Ghanche, Ghizar, and Nagar districts. Results Table 2 Social impact of CPEC on local Community Attributes Attitude Frequency Percentage Due to the development of road linkages through CPEC will increase integration among people from different districts in Gilgit-Baltistan. Agree Neutral Disagree 93 25 32 62% 16.7% 21.3% People from different districts in Gilgit-Baltistan will become familiar to each other when the CPEC infrastructure develops. Agree Neutral Disagree 88 35 27 58.7% 23.3% 18% CPEC will increase social cohesion in Gilgit-Baltistan. Agree Neutral Disagree 70 48 32 46.6% 32% 21.4% The CPEC route will make it easier for different groups to connect socially. Agree Neutral Disagree 93 18 38 62% 12% 26% Do you think CPEC will benefit only those areas of Gilgit-Baltistan which comes in the routes of CPEC. Agree Neutral Disagree 61 43 46 40.7% 28.7% 30.6% As an outcome of CPEC project Gilgit-Division will become more develop as compare to Baltistan-Division which may create conflict among ethnic groups. Agree Neutral Disagree 67 30 53 44.7% 20% 35.3% CPEC will ensure the provision of services like employment, health and education in Gilgit-Baltistan. Agree Neutral Disagree 84 34 32 56% 22.7% 21.3% CPEC will change quality of life in Gilgit-Baltistan. Agree Neutral Disagree 81 33 36 54% 22% 24% CPEC will lead to rise in standard of living through the provision of services like employment, health and education. Agree Neutral Disagree 83 39 28 55.4% 26% 18.6% CPEC will improve the access to basic services like education, health, housing and employment. Agree Neutral Disagree 79 37 34 52.7% 24.7% 22.6% CPEC project has potential to improve the living conditions of ordinary people in Gilgit-Baltistan. Agree Neutral Disagree 82 35 33 54.6% 23.3% 22% CPEC will improve interaction among people from different parts of Gilgit-Baltistan. Agree Neutral Disagree 82 32 36 54.7% 21.3% 24% Because of road linkages CPEC will lead to increase interaction among people from different parts of Gilgit-Baltistan. Agree Neutral Disagree 90 21 39 60% 14% 26% CPEC will impact our basic social institutions like family, government and religion. Agree Neutral Disagree 64 42 44 42.7% 28% 29.3% CPEC will introduce foreign form of life that will negatively impact our family ties and religious institution. Agree Neutral Disagree 61 47 42 40.6% 31.3% 28% Table 2 shows the respondents' frequency and percentage distribution according to the statement. 62% of respondents agreed that the development of road linkages through CPEC would increase integration among people from different districts in Gilgit-Baltistan; 16.7% were neutral; and 21.3% disagreed with the statement. The majority, 58.7%, agree that when the CPEC infrastructure develops, people from different districts in Gilgit-Baltistan will become familiar with each other, with 23.3% neutral and 18% disagreeing with this statement. This table shows that 46.6% agree that CPEC will increase social cohesion in Gilgit-Baltistan, 32% are still neutral, and 21.4% negate this statement. The majority (62% agreed that the CPEC route would make it easier for different groups to connect socially), 12% were neutral, and 26% negated this statement. The majority, 40.7%, agreed with the statement "Do you think CPEC will benefit only those areas of Gilgit-Baltistan that come under the route of CPEC?" while 28.7% were neutral and 30.6% disagreed. 44.7% agreed with As a result of the CPEC project, the Gilgit-Division will become more developed compared to the Baltistan-Division, which may create conflict among ethnic groups. 28.7% are still neutral, and 35.3% disagree with the statement. 56% of respondents agreed that CPEC would ensure the provision of services like employment, health, and education in Gilgit-Baltistan; 22.7% were neutral; and 21.3% disagreed with this statement. The majority of respondents (54%) agreed that the CPEC will change the quality of life in Gilgit-Baltistan, 22% were neutral, and 24% disagreed. The table further shows that 55.4% of respondents agree that CPEC will lead to a rise in standard of living through the provision of services like employment, health, and education; 26% are neutral; and 18.6% disagree with this statement. The majority of respondents, 52.7%, agree that CPEC will improve access to basic services like education, health, housing, and employment; 24.7% were neutral; and 22.6% negate this statement. 54.6% of respondents agreed that the CPEC project has the potential to improve the living conditions of ordinary people in Gilgit-Baltistan, 23.3% were neutral, and 22% disagreed with this statement. The majority, 54.7%, agreed that CPEC would improve interaction among people from different parts of Gilgit-Baltistan; 21.3% were neutral; and 24% disagreed. 60% agreed that because of road linkages, CPEC will lead to increased interaction among people from different parts of Gilgit-Baltistan; 14% were neutral; and 26% denied this statement. A majority of 42.7% of respondents agreed that CPEC will impact our basic social institutions, such as family, government, and religion; 28% were neutral; and 29.3% disagreed. 40.6% of respondents agreed that CPEC will introduce foreign forms of life that will negatively impact our family ties and religious institutions; 31.3% were neutral, and 28% disagreed with this statement. Table 3 Cultural impact of CPEC on local community Attribute Attitude Frequency Percentage Our local events and ceremonies will influence by CPEC development. Agree Neutral Disagree 59 39 42 39.4% 26% 34.6% CPEC will stimulate our cultural festivals and traditions. Agree Neutral Disagree 66 38 46 44% 25.3% 30.7% CPEC will negatively impact our local festivals and cultural events. Agree Neutral Disagree 52 36 62 34.6% 24% 41.4% CPEC will lead towards conservation of local culture through the presentation of cultural events and ceremonies to foreigners. Agree Neutral Disagree 64 40 46 42.7% 26.7% 30.6% CPEC will lead towards the publicity of local cultural events and ceremonies at global level. Agree Neutral Disagree 78 39 33 52% 26% 22% Change in beliefs, values, attitudes and behavior may occur when Chinese and other foreign form of life will introduce to Gilgit-Baltistan via CPEC. Agree Neutral Disagree 73 43 34 48.6% 28.7% 22.7% CPEC will negatively impact our simple and friendly folk customs. Agree Neutral Disagree 57 34 59 38% 22.7% 39.3% CPEC will negatively impact our value system, morals and their practices. Agree Neutral Disagree 53 42 55 35.3% 28% 36.7% We are ignoring the impact of CPEC on our customs, norms and values. Agree Neutral Disagree 63 40 46 42% 26.7% 31.3% CPEC will lead towards changing life style in Gilgit-Baltistan. Agree Neutral Disagree 85 42 23 56.6% 28% 15.4% The foreign form of life that will introduce by CPEC will adopt by people. Agree Neutral Disagree 61 52 37 40.7% 34.7% 24.6% Via CPEC the arrival of Chinese people to our society seem as people are trying to welcome communist life style. Agree Neutral Disagree 51 36 63 34% 24% 42% CPEC will promote ethnic cultural development. Agree Neutral Disagree 57 49 44 38% 32.7% 29.3% The CPEC project will bring foreigners to Gilgit-Baltistan. The contact with foreigners will bring linguistic changes. Agree Neutral Disagree 78 39 33 52% 26% 22% The contact with foreigners and visitors via CPEC will stimulate the diffusion of languages. Agree Neutral Disagree 72 52 26 48% 34.7% 17.3% Table 3 demonstrates the impact of CPEC's development on our local events and ceremonies. 39.4% of respondents agreed with the statement, 26% were neutral, and 34.6% disagreed with it. The majority, 44 percent, agreed. We expect CPEC to revitalize our cultural festivals and traditions, with 25.3% expressing neutrality and 30.7% disagreeing. CPEC will negatively impact our local festivals and cultural events. A majority 41.4% of respondents disagreed, 24% were neutral, and only 24% agreed with the above statement. 42.7% of respondents agreed that CPEC will lead to the preservation of local culture through the presentation of cultural events and ceremonies to foreigners; 26.7% were still neutral; and 30.6% denied this statement. CPEC will provide global publicity for local cultural events and ceremonies. A high majority 52% of respondents agreed with the above statement, 26% were neutral, and only 22% agreed. 48.6% of respondents agreed that the introduction of Chinese and other foreign forms of life to Gilgit-Baltistan via CPEC may lead to changes in beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviours, with 28.7% remaining neutral and 22.7% disagreeing with the above statement. 38% of respondents agreed that CPEC will negatively impact our simple and friendly folk customs; 22.7% were neutral; and 39.3% negated this statement. A majority of 36.7% rejects this statement. Only 35% of respondents agree with the statement that CPEC will negatively impact our value system, morals, and practices, while 28% abstain from it. 42% of respondents agreed that we are ignoring the impact of CPEC on our customs, norms, and values. 26.7% were neutral, and 31.3% disagreed with the above statement. A majority of 56.6% of respondents agreed that CPEC would lead to a change in lifestyle in Gilgit-Baltistan; 28% abstained; and only 15.4% disagreed with the above statement. 40.7% agreed that the CPEC would introduce a foreign lifestyle that people would embrace. 34.7% were neutral, and 24.6% disagreed with the statement. A majority of 42% disagreed, with 24% abstaining, that the arrival of Chinese people into our society through CPEC appeared to be an attempt to adopt a communist lifestyle, while only 34% agreed. The majority of 38% agree, along with 32.7% abstaining, that CPEC will promote ethnic and cultural development, and 29.3% refute this statement. 52% agree that the CPEC project will bring foreigners to Gilgit-Baltistan. Contact with foreigners will bring about linguistic changes, with 26% of respondents expressing neutrality and 22% disagreeing with this statement. 48% of the respondents agreed with the statement, while 34.7% abstained. Contact with foreigners and visitors via CPEC will stimulate language diffusion, but only 17.3% disagree with the above statement. Table 4 Demographic Impact of CPEC on local community Attribute Attitude Frequency Percentage CPEC will benefit only urban areas of Gilgit-Baltistan which will lead towards the migration of rural people to urban areas. Agree Neutral Disagree 77 35 38 51.3% 23.3% 25.4% As an outcome of CPEC the Gilgit and Skardu city will become more develop which will result as the migration of rural population to these cities. Agree Neutral Disagree 83 37 30 55.3% 24.7% 20% The CPEC development will stimulate the migration of outsiders to Gilgit-Baltistan. Agree Neutral Disagree 68 37 45 45.3% 24.7% 30% CPEC development will lead to migrations of foreigners, visitors and laborers towards Gilgit-Baltistan. Agree Neutral Disagree 74 40 36 49.3% 26.7% 24% Those who have migrated from Gilgit-Baltistan will return when Gilgit-Baltistan develops through CPEC. Agree Neutral Disagree 63 46 41 42% 30.7% 27.3% Table 4 shows that CPEC will benefit only urban areas of Gilgit-Baltistan, which will lead to the migration of rural people to urban areas. 51.3% of respondents agreed with this statement, while 23.3% abstained and 25.4% disagreed. A majority (55.3%) agreed that, as a result of CPEC, Gilgit and Skardu cities will become more developed, resulting in the migration of rural populations to these cities. 24.7% were neutral, and 20% disagreed with this statement. 45.3% of respondents agreed that the CPEC development would stimulate the migration of outsiders to Gilgit-Baltistan. 24.7% were abstaining, and 30% disagreed with the above statement. 49.3% of respondents agreed that CPEC development would lead to migrations of foreigners, visitors, and labourers to Ilgit-Baltistan. 26.7% were neutral, and only 24% disagreed. 42% of respondents agreed with the statement that those who have migrated from Gilgit-Baltistan will return when Gilgit-Baltistan develops through CPEC. 30% abstain, and 27.3% reject the above statement. Hypothesis Hypothesis Value Degree of freedom Significance value (2 sided) The CPEC development is expected to have significant influence on life style of local resident of Gilgit-Baltistan. 109.950 16 .000 The CPEC development is expected to have significant impact on family and religious institution. 76.550 16 .000 If CPEC will lead to develop only urban areas of Gilgit-Baltistan then the rural population of Gilgit-Baltistan will migrate to urban areas 54.248 16 .000 Hypothesis 01 We expect the CPEC development to significantly impact the lifestyle of residents in Gilgit-Baltistan. We performed a Pearson chi-square test to examine the relationship between the CPEC and the lifestyle of residents. The relationship between these variables was statistically significant (16, N = 150) = 109.950, p < .001. The CPEC will have a significant impact on residents' lifestyles. Evidence is mounting that CPEC has the potential to transform the lives of locals and enhance their quality of life. It offers a wide range of economic opportunities for residents, including hotels, businesses, and shops, thereby transforming their lives on both an economic and social level. Hypothesis 02: We expect the CPEC development to significantly impact family and religious institutions. We performed a Pearson chi-square test to examine the relationship between the CPEC and social institutions (family and religion). The relationship between these variables was statistically significant (16, N = 150) = 76.550, p < .001. The CPEC will have a significant impact on residents' families and religious institutions. Gilgit-Baltistan is on the brink of significant economic development and infrastructure enhancements as a result of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Nevertheless, the communities and religious institutions of the region will also be significantly impacted by this development. Hypothesis 03: If CPEC leads to the development of only urban areas in Gilgit-Baltistan, then the rural population of Gilgit-Baltistan will migrate to urban areas. We performed a Pearson chi-square test to examine the relationship between the CPEC and migration. The relationship between these variables was statistically significant (16, N = 150) = 54.2248, p < .001. CPEC will cause rural populations to migrate to urban areas of Gilgit-Baltistan. We found a significant correlation between people migrating from rural to urban areas. Before the implementation of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the infrastructure of roads and bulldozers was in poor condition, leading people to prefer rural areas over urban ones due to their perceived higher quality of life. The communication system is not improved; people are not interested in urban areas and prefer to live in rural areas instead. However, in the case of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the entire landscape is shifting, transforming people's lifestyles. CPEC creates the best infrastructure and roads. The people are interested in moving to urban areas for a better future. Discussions The objective of this investigation is to investigate the socio-cultural and demographic consequences of the CPEC project on the local community of Gilgit-Baltistan. The CPEC is gathering momentum on a daily basis, and policymakers and commentators are predicting that it will transform the entire society of Pakistan. However, no antecedent research has been conducted by any scholar on the socio-cultural and demographic implications of the CPEC development. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to address this research lacuna. The research findings are highly intriguing, as they are based on primary data collected from the local residents of Gilgit-Baltistan. This investigation investigates the socio-cultural and demographic consequences of CPEC. This study establishes a connection between the process of development and the interaction between culture, as well as the socio-cultural and demographic changes that result from such developmental initiatives (CPEC). The research results corroborated each of the proposed hypotheses. The relationship between CPEC and the lifestyle of local residents was found to be significant in hypothesis 1, which is consistent with the supposition made in this study. The relationship between these variables was statistically significant (x^2(16, N = 150) = 109.950, p < .001). The lifestyle of local residents will be significantly impacted by CPEC. The well-being and quality of life of residents were found to be enhanced by the infrastructure enhancement that resulted from the CPEC initiative, according to a study. (Khalil et al., 2021 ). The CPEC's arrival has enhanced the quality of life for individuals and has created an opportunity for them to enhance their lifestyle. The supposition made in this research was that the relationship between CPEC and social institutions was significant, as evidenced by Hypothesis 2. The relationship between these variables was statistically significant, with a value of 76.550 (x^2(16, N = 150)), p < .001. The family and religious institutions of local residents will be significantly impacted by CPEC. The relationship between migration and the CPEC was determined to be significant in Hypothesis 3. The supposition made in this research was also supported by the statistically significant relationship between these variables (x^2(16, N = 150) = 54.2248, p < .001). The migration of the rural population to the metropolitan areas of Gilgit-Baltistan will be facilitated by the CPEC. CPEC is a significant factor in the promotion of globalization (Rasoola & Kundib 2018 ). The modern world has been significantly transformed by the globalization of markets, communication, networks, and relations, which has led to qualitative changes in our economy, society, culture, and politics. Social and cultural advancements of the present day are not unilateral. The pervasive use of electronic media and communication technologies has led to numerous changes in traditional methods of cultural expression, relationships, and language and communication usage at the local, regional, and national levels (Ghosh 2011 ). Local events are influenced by developments on the other side of the border as a result of globalization (Castals 2011). The CPEC is not solely concerned with economics; it also covers cultural aspects. As a result of the growing globalization and the influx of tourists and visitors to the region, the local populace has come to appreciate the significance of preserving their culture and heritage. Additionally, it is recommended that a cultural exchange initiative be initiated. Additionally, CPEC serves as a center for commerce, cultural immersion, and diffusion, as per (Baber & Alam 2022). It is imperative to implement measures to safeguard and preserve cultural heritage, regardless of whether it is tangible or intangible. CPEC would guarantee efficient and uninterrupted transportation while simultaneously reducing costs, distance, and time. In addition, it leads to the fullest involvement of local inhabitants as laborers, who have access to a labor market with a high rate of social mobility (Reman et al., 2018.). The improvement of infrastructure, roads, and the economy will facilitate access to health and education. Numerous researchers have asserted that the CPEC will increase tourism in Pakistan, with a particular emphasis on Gilgit-Baltistan. Gilgit-Baltistan, a region in northern Pakistan, has experienced a significant increase in tourism since the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) initiative was initiated. The emergence of new businesses along the CPEC route is a relatively recent development, as a result (Baig et al., 2020 ). The rapid rise in tourist arrivals in Gilgit-Baltistan has been facilitated by the infrastructural development of the CPEC (Baig & Zehra 2020 ). The CPEC initiatives will generate new investment opportunities upon the completion of the road and rail linkages between the two nations. People will find it simpler to travel after the completion of rail and road linkages between Kashgar and Pakistan (Manzoor & Wei 2018 ). Traditional social culture has undergone significant transformations at numerous World Heritage sites as a result of the tourism sector's accelerated expansion (Zhuang, Yao & Li 2019 ). The local culture is adapting to new, beneficial changes as a result of the expansion of tourist destinations and the enhancement of infrastructure. The CPEC route has the potential to facilitate the social integration of various groups, which could lead to the development of new cultural exchanges and activities (Asomani, Fricano & Adarkwa 2015). Despite the fact that tourism has positive effects worldwide, it is believed to have negative socio-cultural effects (Tosun 2002 ). "Tourism is a disease that destroys the environment, culture, legacy, and people." (Linton, 1987 ). Demography is the discipline that investigates the characteristics of the human population, including its size, composition, and evolution. Immigration and emigration, as well as fluctuations in birth and mortality rates, can all contribute to demographic changes (Muenstermann 2010 ). The relocation of individuals to new residences is a critical element of demographic change. For instance, rural residents are relocating to other rural and regional regions. Despite the fact that the causes of population decline in rural regions are diverse, it is consistently attributed to a lack of opportunities. The absence of educational opportunities is causing young people to abandon rural areas. The reduction of rural populations is a consequence of technological advancements in agricultural productivity, as fewer individuals are necessary to produce the same amount of output (Beale 1964 ). The native people have become a minority in certain circumstances as a consequence of economic progress. Karachi is a classic example of how indigenous residents became a minority as the city expanded in Pakistan (Niazi, 2016 ). Numerous researchers, including Sun et al. ( 2020 ), have conducted only a small number of studies on the socio-cultural implications of CPEC. These emphasized the rural community's support and development for the CPEC project in Pakistan, and they predicted the socio-cultural and numerous other impacts on community support for the CPEC project. However, no research has been conducted by any researcher on the demographic implications of CPEC. Therefore, the findings of this study regarding the demographic implications suggest that the local community in Gilgit-Baltistan believes that the CPEC will encourage the migration of rural populations to urban centres. Conclusion The objective is to determine the anticipated socio-cultural and demographic effects of CPEC on the local community of Gilgit-Baltistan. The data analysis was conducted using the responses of 150 respondents from the local community in Gilgit-Baltistan. Initially, the frequency and percentage distribution were verified, and the hypotheses were subsequently evaluated using the Chi-square test in SPSS version 21. The study concludes that the local community has numerous expectations regarding the CPEC project in terms of social cohesion and integration among individuals from various regions of Gilgit-Baltistan. Additionally, the CPEC will facilitate the establishment of social connections between various groups. The CPEC is anticipated to improve the quality of life and guarantee the provision of services such as employment, health, and education. The CPEC will result in the global dissemination of indigenous culture. The local community believes that the CPEC will result in linguistic and lifestyle changes in Gilgit-Baltistan, and its impact on culture is being disregarded. In terms of demography, the local community believes that the CPEC will result in the development of cities at a faster pace than rural areas, which will result in a migration of the rural population to the urban areas of Gilgit-Baltistan. The study as a whole offers valuable insights for policymakers in the context of the CPEC's future success and the growth of rural communities in Gilgit-Baltistan. Recommendations Commence exhaustive baseline studies to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current socio-cultural and demographic landscape of Gilgit-Baltistan. This will serve as a benchmark for evaluating the future effects and modifications of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Participate in dialogue and decision-making processes with local communities to guarantee that their suggestions and concerns are taken into account. Maintain open communication channels by organizing community forums and conducting regular consultations. Create and execute initiatives that are designed to safeguard the distinctive cultural heritage of Gilgit-Baltistan. This may involve the provision of financial support for cultural events, the documentation of traditions, and the encouragement of local arts and crafts. Formulate socio-economic development strategies that are specifically tailored to the requirements and aspirations of the local populace. In order to guarantee sustainable growth and development, prioritize employment, healthcare, and education opportunities. Conduct consistent environmental and social impact assessments to gain a comprehensive understanding of the broader implications of CPEC-related developments. Guarantee that these evaluations are transparent and incorporate the opinions of local constituents. Establish and execute policy frameworks that safeguard the rights and interests of the local community. This encompasses regulations to reduce adverse effects on local livelihoods, compensation for displaced individuals, and land rights. Encourage interdisciplinary research to investigate the multifaceted effects of CPEC on Gilgit-Baltistan. Foster collaboration among academic institutions, government entities, and international organizations to improve the quality and scope of research. Formulate sustainable tourism strategies that capitalize on the distinctive cultural and natural features of Gilgit-Baltistan. Guarantee that the development of tourism is advantageous to local communities and that environmental degradation is minimized. Conduct public awareness campaigns to inform the local populace of the potential consequences of CPEC. Furnish details regarding the rights, opportunities, and resources that are accessible for community engagement. Declarations We hereby declare that this study has received ethics approval from the University of Sargodha, ensuring compliance with ethical principles and regulations governing human research. The approval was granted following a thorough review of the study’s methodology, potential risks, and benefits to the participants, as well as measures in place to safeguard their rights and well-being. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Acknowledgment: The author* particularly grateful for Asst. Prof. Dr. Shakeel Ahmad's indispensable supervision, helpful suggestions, and inspiring attitude. The author also expresses gratitude to their parents, particularly their father, Gul Siyar , for their assistance in completing the work. References ALI I, RIAZ S, ALI, W., BANO T (2020) China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): A Door of Hope for Pakistan and Potential Benefits for China. Eur Acad Res VII 12:6182–6201 Ali L, Mi J, Shah M, Shah SJ, Khan S, Ullah R, Bibi K (2018) Local residents’ attitude towards road and transport infrastructure (a case of China Pakistan economic corridor). J Chin Economic Foreign Trade Stud 11(1):104–120 Arrfat Y (2017) Challenges and Solutions in Building CPEC-A Flagship of BRI. Centre of Excellence, China-Pakistan Economic Corridor , 6 Asomani-Boateng R, Fricano RJ, Adarkwa F (2015) Assessing the socio-economic impacts of rural road improvements in Ghana: A case study of transport sector program support (II). Case Stud Transp policy 3(4):355–366 Babar SI, Alam N (2022) CPEC AND GILGIT-BALTISTAN: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE. J Contemp Stud 11(2):55–68 Baig S, Zehra S (2020) China-Pakistan economic corridor, governance, and tourism nexus: evidence from Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Curr Issues Tourism 23(23):2884–2889 Baig S, Qasim M, Xuemei L, Alam KM (2020) Is the China-Pakistan economic corridor an opportunity or a threat for small and micro-entrepreneurs? Empirical evidence from Northern Pakistan. Sustainability 12(5):1727 Beale CL (1964) Rural depopulation in the United States: Some demographic consequences of agricultural adjustments. Demography 1(1):264–272 Castells M (2011) The rise of the network society. Wiley CPEC Secretariat at Ministry for Planning Development & Special Initiatives: http://cpec.gov.pk/introduction/1 Ghosh B (2011) Cultural changes and challenges in the era of globalization: The case of India. J Developing Soc 27(2):153–175 Ha L (2012) Sampling in international advertising research. Handbook of research on international advertising. Edward Elgar Publishing Khalil IU, Hena S, Ghani U, Ullah R, Jan I, Rauf A, Jingdong L (2021) Development and Sustainability of Rural Economy of Pakistan through Local Community Support for CPEC. Sustainability 2021, 13, 686 Linton N (1987) Trends in tourism and development: A ‘Third World’perspective. Tour Manag 8(2):96–97 Manzoor F, Wei L (2018), December A review of China-Pakistan economic corridor and tourism opportunities. In Third International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2018) (pp. 79–82). Atlantis Press Muenstermann I (2010) Too bad to stay or too good to leave? Two generations of women with a farming background–what is their attitude regarding the sustainability of the Australian Family Farm? Demographic Change in Australia's Rural Landscapes: Implications for Society and the Environment , 281–305 Niazi T (2016) Uneven Development and Pakhtun Diaspora in Karachi (Pakistan). Theory Action 9(2):75 Ramachandran S (2016) Unrest in Gilgit-Baltistan and the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Blog. The Central Asia Caucasus Analyst Rasoola SW, Kundib MA (2018) CPEC, the driver of globalization and positive peace: an Inquiry through Kashmir dispute. The Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, Special issue , 6 Rehman AU, Hakim A, Khan K, Khan IU (2018) Role of CPEC in development of trade, transport and economy of Pakistan. Romanian J Transp Infrastructure 7(1):77–92 Sun Y, Pitafi AH, Ghani U, Islam T (2020) Social-cultural impacts of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on the well-being of local community. J Transp Land Use 13(1):605–624 Tosun C (2002) Host perceptions of impacts: A comparative tourism study. Annals tourism Res 29(1):231–253 Yasin SA, Qasim M (2020) China Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Significance of Gilgit-Baltistan Constitutional Status. Putaj Humanit Social Sci, 27 (2) Zheng M, Bohier J (2021) Development of new cultural trends, paradigms and perspectives: A case study on China Pakistan Economic Corridor. J Punjab Univ Hist Soc, 34 (02) Zhuang X, Yao Y, Li J (2019) Sociocultural impacts of tourism on residents of world cultural heritage sites in China. Sustainability 11(3):840 Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4794378","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":331155131,"identity":"3b0ed6c4-159b-46fb-a12d-ea96c4fab63b","order_by":0,"name":"Basit Ali","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Sargodha-Pakistan","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Basit","middleName":"","lastName":"Ali","suffix":""},{"id":331156325,"identity":"1f4055e7-df7e-452b-ab8e-97bfe4a20c8f","order_by":1,"name":"Sikandar Khan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA9UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZjYgAcQSEkD6YwNIKAGIDxCphXEmUVoYkLQw8xKjRb6dLfFzQZldvuTs5mePbXccZuBnzzFgLjiDW4vBYbbD0jPOJVvOljlmbpx75jCDZM8bA+YZN/BoYWZvkOZtYzaQk0gwk85tO8xgcANoC88HPA5rZm/+zdtWD9SS/k3aEqjFnpAWhsNsx4C2HDaQlsgxk2YE2SIB0oLPYYfZ0qx5zh03kJyRUybZ25bOI3HmWcHhGXi8L99/zPg2T1m1gcSN9G0SP9us5fjbkzc+LjiGx2HogAfsWhI0QAEz6VpGwSgYBaNgGAMApERK/O2sVMYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3848-197X","institution":"Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sikandar","middleName":"","lastName":"Khan","suffix":""},{"id":331156326,"identity":"792df83b-cabc-4831-a3ab-15c9ae722efc","order_by":2,"name":"Dr. Shakeel Ahmad","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-8698","institution":"Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"Dr.","firstName":"Shakeel","middleName":"","lastName":"Ahmad","suffix":""},{"id":331156327,"identity":"9cc80bd0-87a8-4d6f-82fc-3be2790953be","order_by":3,"name":"Dr. Haji Ur Rahman4","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"Dr.","firstName":"Haji","middleName":"Ur","lastName":"Rahman4","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-24 10:02:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4794378/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4794378/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":61324869,"identity":"487d5f92-fc24-4e2e-b6d4-482f518df3f0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-29 13:50:07","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":762400,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4794378/v1/255ccb1a-78c2-4468-befd-b4428726e0b2.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe CPEC is expected to have significant socio-cultural and demographic effects on the local community of Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eGlobalization has intensified and significantly altered the global economy since the inception of the twenty-first century (Arrfat \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). As an outcome of enhanced connectivity, both physically and virtually, the trend in global collaboration has transitioned from bilateral to multilateral endeavors. Consequently, economic corridors have emerged worldwide, providing substantial advantages to the nations that participate. One of the most contentious initiatives of the twenty-first century is the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). 'One Belt, One Road' (OBOR) is a global initiative that seeks to connect the world as a result of China's initiative to open up the world (Arrfat \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e b). CPEC is anticipated to transform the entirety of Pakistani society, with a particular emphasis on Gilgit-Baltistan. This will be achieved by connecting Pakistan's Karachi and Gawadar ports to Chinese and Central Asian centers, as well as Europa and Africa.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe CPEC project is a network of roads, highways, railways, airports, and energy pipelines that would connect all of Pakistan's provinces for the purpose of commerce and tourism. This is evident from a cursory examination of the project's routes. (Yasin \u0026amp; Qasim, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) Gilgit-Baltistan is a critical component of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which links China with the remainder of Pakistan. Consequently, all road networks, communication systems, gas and oil pipelines, and fiber optics must pass through this region (Ramachandran, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). These railways, highways, airports, and other modalities of transportation, communications, and technology are perceived as modernizing agents and sources of socio-cultural change, as per (Zheng \u0026amp; Bohier \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). These modernizing agents, according to sociologists, have a significant impact on the socio-cultural patterns of society in any given region and are instrumental in the implementation of socio-cultural change. The establishment of economic corridors has emerged as a new trend in Asia, with the objective of promoting regional collaboration among nations. (Ali et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) Corridors are crucial for the purpose of connecting the world's economically prosperous regions with the world's less developed regions. Corridors are a viable option for landlocked nations to gain access to foreign markets through sea roots. Cultural, religious, ethnic, and political institutional exchanges, as well as power and colonial mechanisms, have long been recognized as being fundamentally influenced by interregional and intercultural connectedness. The development of a multi-cultural civilization has been facilitated by the establishment of a transportation and connection system that is influenced by environmental, religious, socio-cultural, and ethnic factors. (Yasin \u0026amp; Qasim, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003eb) CPEC's gateway is Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore, the CPEC has a greater impact on Gilgit-Baltistan than on the other provinces of the country. The CPEC road and transportation initiative has the potential to enhance the living conditions of local communities in Gilgit-Baltistan by establishing global connections. Ali et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) The improvement of infrastructure, roads, and the economy will facilitate access to essential amenities, including health, education, banking, and the market, through the CPEC. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is a regional connectivity structure, as per the CPEC Secretariat at the Ministry for Planning, Development \u0026amp; Special Initiatives. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is a step toward economic regionalization in the contemporary globalized world. In addition to China and Pakistan, the CPEC will affect Iran, Afghanistan, India, and the Central Asian Republic. Enhanced understanding through academic, cultural, and regional knowledge and culture, activity of a greater volume of business and trade stream, creation and movement of energy to have more efficient businesses, and advancement of cooperation will result in the emergence of a well-connected and integrated region. This will be achieved through improved road, rail, and air transportation systems, frequent and free exchanges of growth and people-to-people contact, and the advancement of cooperation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis investigation investigates the impact of CPEC on the cultural identity of local communities. Previous research has demonstrated that cultural values have a substantial impact on the adoption or modification of individuals' perspectives. It is imperative to take into account the cultural perspectives of the local community, as they may be associated with the project's advancement. Despite the substantial number of studies on CPEC, the socio-cultural and demographic implications of the project, particularly in the Gilgit-Baltistan region, have received relatively little attention. Consequently, the objective of this research is to ascertain the sociocultural and demographic repercussions of the CPEC initiative. The objective is to ascertain the perspective of local residents regarding their evolving behaviors, demography, moral values, and culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eProblem of Statement\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGilgit-Baltistan is one of Pakistan's least developed regions. It is anticipated that the CPEC will transform the entire society of Pakistan, with a particular emphasis on Gilgit-Baltistan. Gilgit-Baltistan is a critical component of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and serves as a gateway to the CPEC, which connects China with the remainder of Pakistan. Therefore, it is imperative that all developmental initiatives and processes pass through this region. Conversely, the community has not yet been entirely prepared to embrace these modifications. It is crucial to investigate the socio-cultural and demographic trends that CPEC will induce in this region in order to make informed policy decisions and create a strategy for Gilgit-Baltistan to capitalize on the project's potential benefits. When foreign forms of life are introduced to less developed societies, changes in attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors may occur, according to (Peggy Teo). The local cultures are at risk due to the developmental changes, and it is uncertain what measures will be taken in advance to address the challenges that will arise in the preservation of the culture. Initially, the people's primary concern was the magnitude of the issue, as the communities are profoundly rooted in their culture and legacy, and any minor modification to any aspect of these occurrences is perceived as a threat to local cultural norms.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSignificance of the Study\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe alterations that have occurred as a result of the development process, such as CPEC, are the focus of this study. This work is a valuable addition to the literature because it establishes a connection between the process of development and the interaction between culture, as well as the socio-cultural and demographic changes that are a result of such developmental initiatives (CPEC). CPEC has garnered significant global recognition as a megaeconomic enterprise. In this era of perpetual expansion, economic corridors are an essential component of the development of every nation. Gilgit-Baltistan is a highly isolated region of Pakistan. The CPEC project has the potential to be a valuable economic instrument; however, it is imperative to measure and estimate its socio-cultural and demographic impacts in order to make appropriate policy decisions and devise a plan for Gilgit-Baltistan to benefit from the project. This research serves as a starting point for comprehending those characteristics and offering practical advice to local residents so that they can remain informed about current developments in a sustainable manner.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Research Objectives","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo study the perception of local community with regards to socio-cultural and demographic impacts caused by CPEC in study area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo investigate the perception of local residents about changes in social settings due to CPEC on its routes in Gilgit-Baltistan in terms of demographic composition.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo find out the concerns of local residents about the potential threats to changes in moral values and culture due to CPEC.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Research Questions","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is perception of local community with regards to socio-cultural and demographic impacts caused by CPEC?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is perception of local residents about changes in social settings due to CPEC on its routes in Gilgit-Baltistan in terms of demographic composition?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat are the concerns of local residents about the potential threats to moral values and culture due to CPEC in study area?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Research Hypothesis","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study has assumed three hypotheses that are mentioned bellow:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe CPEC development is expected to have significant influence on life style of local resident of Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe CPEC development is expected to have significant impact on family and religious institution.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eIf CPEC will lead to develop only urban areas of Gilgit-Baltistan then the rural population of Gilgit-Baltistan will migrate to urban areas.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Research Methodology","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eResearch Design\u003c/h2\u003eResearch methodology and research design are inextricably linked. The research design is the overarching framework of the research endeavor, while the research methodology is comprised of specific procedures and processes. Quantitative research methodologies are implemented in this investigation. A descriptive research technique is employed in this study\u0026apos;s research design to address the research objectives and queries within the quantitative research paradigm. This method is beneficial for assessing the public\u0026apos;s perception of changes in the social, cultural, and demographic contexts of the study area. Data is collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The data is gathered through an online survey that is conducted in the subject area.\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eResearch Population\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA research population is a vast collection of individuals who are the focus of a scientific investigation. Researchers are frequently unable to examine each individual due to the significant size of populations, as it is both time-consuming and expensive. This is the reason why sampling techniques are employed. In research, there are two types of populations: the target population and the study population.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eTarget Population\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe target population is also referred to as the theoretical population. In order to generalize the results of this study to the entire local community of Gilgit-Baltistan, the target population of this study is the entire local community of Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStudy Population\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDefinition of the study population is a critical component of addressing the research concerns. It is imperative to specify the category of participants from which data will be collected. The study population is the operational definition of the intended population (Ha \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). It is also referred to as the accessible population. The study population is a subset of the intended population from which the actual sample is selected. The study population of this study is the local community residing in Gilgit-Baltistan for the past year and is over the age of 18. Consequently, the results of this study are intended to be generalizable to the aforementioned study population.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eSampling\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSampling is the process of selecting a subset of the population or individuals in order to estimate population characteristics and make statistical inferences. The primary objective of sampling is to obtain a representative sample from a much larger population. In order to fulfill the representativeness requirements, convenient sampling is implemented, and a sample of 150 respondents is selected from the complete local community of Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eSampling Types and Techniques\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe non-probability convenient sampling techniques are employed in this study to obtain a reasonable sample size of 150 respondents. This is achieved by requesting that individuals refer individuals they know, who in turn refer others they know, and so forth. This implies that the present study participants recruit prospective study participants from their social circles. and the sample is selected in a non-random manner using this technique.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eSample Size\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe sample size is the quantity of responses to the survey. Due to its representation of a portion of the target population that requires perception. It is referred to as a sample. The sample size of this study is 150 respondents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eJustification of sample size\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWith the margin of error 8% and the level of confidence 95% the sample size is become 150 respondents.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cimg 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\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;N\u0026rdquo; is the population.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;P\u0026rdquo; population proportion.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;e\u0026rdquo; is the margin of error.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;z\u0026rdquo; is the standard score 1.96 for level of confidence i.e., 95%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eTheoretical Framework\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSr. No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConcept of sample\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDefinitions in this study\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTarget Population\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEntire local community of Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStudy Population\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe local community living in Gilgit-Baltistan for last one year and who are above 18 years.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSampling element\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle member of local community of Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSampling unit\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEach resident of local community of Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSampling Technique\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-probability convenient technique.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSampling Size\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e150.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cimg 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\" style=\"width: 677px;\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Collection Tools and procedures\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe most critical aspect of statistical research is data acquisition. It is a methodical process that involves the collection and measurement of data regarding the variable under investigation in order to address the research questions and verify the hypotheses of the study. The data collection process is conducted through a self-structured questionnaire, as the quantitative method is employed in this study. The study employed a Likert Scale response format, which encompassed the following options: completely concur, agree, neutral, disagree, and completely disagree. The internet is employed as a methodology in this research, and data is collected by sending questionnaires to respondents residing in Gilgit-Baltistan. Respondents were permitted to send questionnaires to other respondents they knew. The data was gathered from 150 respondents. Online data collection is another term for this type of data collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDemographic information\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProfile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResidential area\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistrict Skardu\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistrict Kharmang\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistrict Shigar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistrict Ghanche\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistrict Hunza\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistrict Nagar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistrict Gilgit\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistrict Ghizar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistrict Astore\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQualification\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBachelor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUndergraduate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM.phill\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTable \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e shows the age-wise frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents according to the statement, How old are you?\u0026quot; 68% of respondents are 18\u0026ndash;24 years old, 21.3% are 25\u0026ndash;30 years old, and 10.7% are 31\u0026ndash;40 years old. This table shows the gender-wise frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents according to the statement, What is your gender? 64.7% were male and 35.3% were female respondents. This table displays the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents\u0026apos; marital status based on the question, \u0026quot;What is your marital status?\u0026quot; 76% of respondents were unmarried, and 24% were married. This table displays the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents\u0026apos; qualifications based on the question, \u0026quot;What is your qualification?\u0026quot; Most of the respondents are highly educated, with 38% having a bachelor\u0026apos;s degree, 16% having an M.Phil. degree, and 32% having an undergraduate degree. 14% of the respondents pursued education in other fields. This table displays the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents\u0026apos; residential areas based on the question, \u0026quot;What is your residential area?\u0026quot; 38% of the respondents are from district Skardu, 14% are from district Gilgit, and 14.7% are from district Kharmang, whereas 6%, 6%, and 5.3% of respondents belong to districts Shigar, Hunza, and Astore, respectively. 9.3%, 5.3%, and 2.7% of respondents live in the Ghanche, Ghizar, and Nagar districts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSocial impact of CPEC on local Community\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAttributes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAttitude\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDue to the development of road linkages through CPEC will increase integration among people from different districts in Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeople from different districts in Gilgit-Baltistan will become familiar to each other when the CPEC infrastructure develops.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will increase social cohesion in Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe CPEC route will make it easier for different groups to connect socially.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDo you think CPEC will benefit only those areas of Gilgit-Baltistan which comes in the routes of CPEC.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAs an outcome of CPEC project Gilgit-Division will become more develop as compare to Baltistan-Division which may create conflict among ethnic groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will ensure the provision of services like employment, health and education in Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will change quality of life in Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will lead to rise in standard of living through the provision of services like employment, health and education.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will improve the access to basic services like education, health, housing and employment.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC project has potential to improve the living conditions of ordinary people in Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will improve interaction among people from different parts of Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBecause of road linkages CPEC will lead to increase interaction among people from different parts of Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will impact our basic social institutions like family, government and religion.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will introduce foreign form of life that will negatively impact our family ties and religious institution.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e shows the respondents\u0026apos; frequency and percentage distribution according to the statement. 62% of respondents agreed that the development of road linkages through CPEC would increase integration among people from different districts in Gilgit-Baltistan; 16.7% were neutral; and 21.3% disagreed with the statement. The majority, 58.7%, agree that when the CPEC infrastructure develops, people from different districts in Gilgit-Baltistan will become familiar with each other, with 23.3% neutral and 18% disagreeing with this statement. This table shows that 46.6% agree that CPEC will increase social cohesion in Gilgit-Baltistan, 32% are still neutral, and 21.4% negate this statement. The majority (62% agreed that the CPEC route would make it easier for different groups to connect socially), 12% were neutral, and 26% negated this statement. The majority, 40.7%, agreed with the statement \u0026quot;Do you think CPEC will benefit only those areas of Gilgit-Baltistan that come under the route of CPEC?\u0026quot; while 28.7% were neutral and 30.6% disagreed. 44.7% agreed with As a result of the CPEC project, the Gilgit-Division will become more developed compared to the Baltistan-Division, which may create conflict among ethnic groups. 28.7% are still neutral, and 35.3% disagree with the statement. 56% of respondents agreed that CPEC would ensure the provision of services like employment, health, and education in Gilgit-Baltistan; 22.7% were neutral; and 21.3% disagreed with this statement. The majority of respondents (54%) agreed that the CPEC will change the quality of life in Gilgit-Baltistan, 22% were neutral, and 24% disagreed. The table further shows that 55.4% of respondents agree that CPEC will lead to a rise in standard of living through the provision of services like employment, health, and education; 26% are neutral; and 18.6% disagree with this statement. The majority of respondents, 52.7%, agree that CPEC will improve access to basic services like education, health, housing, and employment; 24.7% were neutral; and 22.6% negate this statement. 54.6% of respondents agreed that the CPEC project has the potential to improve the living conditions of ordinary people in Gilgit-Baltistan, 23.3% were neutral, and 22% disagreed with this statement. The majority, 54.7%, agreed that CPEC would improve interaction among people from different parts of Gilgit-Baltistan; 21.3% were neutral; and 24% disagreed. 60% agreed that because of road linkages, CPEC will lead to increased interaction among people from different parts of Gilgit-Baltistan; 14% were neutral; and 26% denied this statement. A majority of 42.7% of respondents agreed that CPEC will impact our basic social institutions, such as family, government, and religion; 28% were neutral; and 29.3% disagreed. 40.6% of respondents agreed that CPEC will introduce foreign forms of life that will negatively impact our family ties and religious institutions; 31.3% were neutral, and 28% disagreed with this statement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"char\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCultural impact of CPEC on local community\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAttribute\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAttitude\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOur local events and ceremonies will influence by CPEC development.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will stimulate our cultural festivals and traditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will negatively impact our local festivals and cultural events.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will lead towards conservation of local culture through the presentation of cultural events and ceremonies to foreigners.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will lead towards the publicity of local cultural events and ceremonies at global level.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChange in beliefs, values, attitudes and behavior may occur when Chinese and other foreign form of life will introduce to Gilgit-Baltistan via CPEC.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will negatively impact our simple and friendly folk customs.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will negatively impact our value system, morals and their practices.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWe are ignoring the impact of CPEC on our customs, norms and values.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will lead towards changing life style in Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe foreign form of life that will introduce by CPEC will adopt by people.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVia CPEC the arrival of Chinese people to our society seem as people are trying to welcome communist life style.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will promote ethnic cultural development.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe CPEC project will bring foreigners to Gilgit-Baltistan. The contact with foreigners will bring linguistic changes.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe contact with foreigners and visitors via CPEC will stimulate the diffusion of languages.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e demonstrates the impact of CPEC\u0026apos;s development on our local events and ceremonies. 39.4% of respondents agreed with the statement, 26% were neutral, and 34.6% disagreed with it. The majority, 44 percent, agreed. We expect CPEC to revitalize our cultural festivals and traditions, with 25.3% expressing neutrality and 30.7% disagreeing. CPEC will negatively impact our local festivals and cultural events. A majority 41.4% of respondents disagreed, 24% were neutral, and only 24% agreed with the above statement. 42.7% of respondents agreed that CPEC will lead to the preservation of local culture through the presentation of cultural events and ceremonies to foreigners; 26.7% were still neutral; and 30.6% denied this statement. CPEC will provide global publicity for local cultural events and ceremonies. A high majority 52% of respondents agreed with the above statement, 26% were neutral, and only 22% agreed. 48.6% of respondents agreed that the introduction of Chinese and other foreign forms of life to Gilgit-Baltistan via CPEC may lead to changes in beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviours, with 28.7% remaining neutral and 22.7% disagreeing with the above statement. 38% of respondents agreed that CPEC will negatively impact our simple and friendly folk customs; 22.7% were neutral; and 39.3% negated this statement. A majority of 36.7% rejects this statement. Only 35% of respondents agree with the statement that CPEC will negatively impact our value system, morals, and practices, while 28% abstain from it. 42% of respondents agreed that we are ignoring the impact of CPEC on our customs, norms, and values. 26.7% were neutral, and 31.3% disagreed with the above statement. A majority of 56.6% of respondents agreed that CPEC would lead to a change in lifestyle in Gilgit-Baltistan; 28% abstained; and only 15.4% disagreed with the above statement. 40.7% agreed that the CPEC would introduce a foreign lifestyle that people would embrace. 34.7% were neutral, and 24.6% disagreed with the statement. A majority of 42% disagreed, with 24% abstaining, that the arrival of Chinese people into our society through CPEC appeared to be an attempt to adopt a communist lifestyle, while only 34% agreed. The majority of 38% agree, along with 32.7% abstaining, that CPEC will promote ethnic and cultural development, and 29.3% refute this statement. 52% agree that the CPEC project will bring foreigners to Gilgit-Baltistan. Contact with foreigners will bring about linguistic changes, with 26% of respondents expressing neutrality and 22% disagreeing with this statement. 48% of the respondents agreed with the statement, while 34.7% abstained. Contact with foreigners and visitors via CPEC will stimulate language diffusion, but only 17.3% disagree with the above statement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"char\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDemographic Impact of CPEC on local community\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAttribute\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAttitude\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC will benefit only urban areas of Gilgit-Baltistan which will lead towards the migration of rural people to urban areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAs an outcome of CPEC the Gilgit and Skardu city will become more develop which will result as the migration of rural population to these cities.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe CPEC development will stimulate the migration of outsiders to Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCPEC development will lead to migrations of foreigners, visitors and laborers towards Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThose who have migrated from Gilgit-Baltistan will return when Gilgit-Baltistan develops through CPEC.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"char\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eshows that CPEC will benefit only urban areas of Gilgit-Baltistan, which will lead to the migration of rural people to urban areas. 51.3% of respondents agreed with this statement, while 23.3% abstained and 25.4% disagreed. A majority (55.3%) agreed that, as a result of CPEC, Gilgit and Skardu cities will become more developed, resulting in the migration of rural populations to these cities. 24.7% were neutral, and 20% disagreed with this statement. 45.3% of respondents agreed that the CPEC development would stimulate the migration of outsiders to Gilgit-Baltistan. 24.7% were abstaining, and 30% disagreed with the above statement. 49.3% of respondents agreed that CPEC development would lead to migrations of foreigners, visitors, and labourers to Ilgit-Baltistan. 26.7% were neutral, and only 24% disagreed. 42% of respondents agreed with the statement that those who have migrated from Gilgit-Baltistan will return when Gilgit-Baltistan develops through CPEC. 30% abstain, and 27.3% reject the above statement.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHypothesis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypothesis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eValue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDegree of freedom\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSignificance value (2 sided)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe CPEC development is expected to have significant influence on life style of local resident of Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109.950\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe CPEC development is expected to have significant impact on family and religious institution.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.550\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIf CPEC will lead to develop only urban areas of Gilgit-Baltistan then the rural population of Gilgit-Baltistan will migrate to urban areas\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.248\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eHypothesis 01\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWe expect the CPEC development to significantly impact the lifestyle of residents in Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWe performed a Pearson chi-square test to examine the relationship between the CPEC and the lifestyle of residents. The relationship between these variables was statistically significant (16, N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;150)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;109.950, \u003cem\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001.\u003c/em\u003e The CPEC will have a significant impact on residents\u0026apos; lifestyles. Evidence is mounting that CPEC has the potential to transform the lives of locals and enhance their quality of life. It offers a wide range of economic opportunities for residents, including hotels, businesses, and shops, thereby transforming their lives on both an economic and social level.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eHypothesis 02:\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWe expect the CPEC development to significantly impact family and religious institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWe performed a Pearson chi-square test to examine the relationship between the CPEC and social institutions (family and religion). The relationship between these variables was statistically significant (16, N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;150)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;76.550, \u003cem\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001.\u003c/em\u003e The CPEC will have a significant impact on residents\u0026apos; families and religious institutions. Gilgit-Baltistan is on the brink of significant economic development and infrastructure enhancements as a result of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Nevertheless, the communities and religious institutions of the region will also be significantly impacted by this development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eHypothesis 03:\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIf CPEC leads to the development of only urban areas in Gilgit-Baltistan, then the rural population of Gilgit-Baltistan will migrate to urban areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWe performed a Pearson chi-square test to examine the relationship between the CPEC and migration. The relationship between these variables was statistically significant (16, N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;150)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;54.2248, \u003cem\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001. CPEC\u003c/em\u003e will cause rural populations to migrate to urban areas of Gilgit-Baltistan. We found a significant correlation between people migrating from rural to urban areas. Before the implementation of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the infrastructure of roads and bulldozers was in poor condition, leading people to prefer rural areas over urban ones due to their perceived higher quality of life. The communication system is not improved; people are not interested in urban areas and prefer to live in rural areas instead. However, in the case of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the entire landscape is shifting, transforming people\u0026apos;s lifestyles. CPEC creates the best infrastructure and roads. The people are interested in moving to urban areas for a better future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe objective of this investigation is to investigate the socio-cultural and demographic consequences of the CPEC project on the local community of Gilgit-Baltistan. The CPEC is gathering momentum on a daily basis, and policymakers and commentators are predicting that it will transform the entire society of Pakistan. However, no antecedent research has been conducted by any scholar on the socio-cultural and demographic implications of the CPEC development. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to address this research lacuna. The research findings are highly intriguing, as they are based on primary data collected from the local residents of Gilgit-Baltistan. This investigation investigates the socio-cultural and demographic consequences of CPEC. This study establishes a connection between the process of development and the interaction between culture, as well as the socio-cultural and demographic changes that result from such developmental initiatives (CPEC). The research results corroborated each of the proposed hypotheses.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe relationship between CPEC and the lifestyle of local residents was found to be significant in hypothesis 1, which is consistent with the supposition made in this study. The relationship between these variables was statistically significant (x^2(16, N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;150)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;109.950, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001). The lifestyle of local residents will be significantly impacted by CPEC. The well-being and quality of life of residents were found to be enhanced by the infrastructure enhancement that resulted from the CPEC initiative, according to a study. (Khalil et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). The CPEC's arrival has enhanced the quality of life for individuals and has created an opportunity for them to enhance their lifestyle. The supposition made in this research was that the relationship between CPEC and social institutions was significant, as evidenced by Hypothesis 2. The relationship between these variables was statistically significant, with a value of 76.550 (x^2(16, N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;150)), p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001. The family and religious institutions of local residents will be significantly impacted by CPEC. The relationship between migration and the CPEC was determined to be significant in Hypothesis 3. The supposition made in this research was also supported by the statistically significant relationship between these variables (x^2(16, N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;150)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;54.2248, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001). The migration of the rural population to the metropolitan areas of Gilgit-Baltistan will be facilitated by the CPEC. CPEC is a significant factor in the promotion of globalization (Rasoola \u0026amp; Kundib \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). The modern world has been significantly transformed by the globalization of markets, communication, networks, and relations, which has led to qualitative changes in our economy, society, culture, and politics. Social and cultural advancements of the present day are not unilateral. The pervasive use of electronic media and communication technologies has led to numerous changes in traditional methods of cultural expression, relationships, and language and communication usage at the local, regional, and national levels (Ghosh \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). Local events are influenced by developments on the other side of the border as a result of globalization (Castals 2011). The CPEC is not solely concerned with economics; it also covers cultural aspects. As a result of the growing globalization and the influx of tourists and visitors to the region, the local populace has come to appreciate the significance of preserving their culture and heritage. Additionally, it is recommended that a cultural exchange initiative be initiated. Additionally, CPEC serves as a center for commerce, cultural immersion, and diffusion, as per (Baber \u0026amp; Alam 2022). It is imperative to implement measures to safeguard and preserve cultural heritage, regardless of whether it is tangible or intangible. CPEC would guarantee efficient and uninterrupted transportation while simultaneously reducing costs, distance, and time. In addition, it leads to the fullest involvement of local inhabitants as laborers, who have access to a labor market with a high rate of social mobility (Reman et al., 2018.). The improvement of infrastructure, roads, and the economy will facilitate access to health and education. Numerous researchers have asserted that the CPEC will increase tourism in Pakistan, with a particular emphasis on Gilgit-Baltistan. Gilgit-Baltistan, a region in northern Pakistan, has experienced a significant increase in tourism since the China\u0026ndash;Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) initiative was initiated. The emergence of new businesses along the CPEC route is a relatively recent development, as a result (Baig et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). The rapid rise in tourist arrivals in Gilgit-Baltistan has been facilitated by the infrastructural development of the CPEC (Baig \u0026amp; Zehra \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). The CPEC initiatives will generate new investment opportunities upon the completion of the road and rail linkages between the two nations. People will find it simpler to travel after the completion of rail and road linkages between Kashgar and Pakistan (Manzoor \u0026amp; Wei \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Traditional social culture has undergone significant transformations at numerous World Heritage sites as a result of the tourism sector's accelerated expansion (Zhuang, Yao \u0026amp; Li \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). The local culture is adapting to new, beneficial changes as a result of the expansion of tourist destinations and the enhancement of infrastructure. The CPEC route has the potential to facilitate the social integration of various groups, which could lead to the development of new cultural exchanges and activities (Asomani, Fricano \u0026amp; Adarkwa 2015). Despite the fact that tourism has positive effects worldwide, it is believed to have negative socio-cultural effects (Tosun \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e). \"Tourism is a disease that destroys the environment, culture, legacy, and people.\" (Linton, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1987\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemography is the discipline that investigates the characteristics of the human population, including its size, composition, and evolution. Immigration and emigration, as well as fluctuations in birth and mortality rates, can all contribute to demographic changes (Muenstermann \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). The relocation of individuals to new residences is a critical element of demographic change. For instance, rural residents are relocating to other rural and regional regions. Despite the fact that the causes of population decline in rural regions are diverse, it is consistently attributed to a lack of opportunities. The absence of educational opportunities is causing young people to abandon rural areas. The reduction of rural populations is a consequence of technological advancements in agricultural productivity, as fewer individuals are necessary to produce the same amount of output (Beale \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1964\u003c/span\u003e). The native people have become a minority in certain circumstances as a consequence of economic progress. Karachi is a classic example of how indigenous residents became a minority as the city expanded in Pakistan (Niazi, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). Numerous researchers, including Sun et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e), have conducted only a small number of studies on the socio-cultural implications of CPEC. These emphasized the rural community's support and development for the CPEC project in Pakistan, and they predicted the socio-cultural and numerous other impacts on community support for the CPEC project. However, no research has been conducted by any researcher on the demographic implications of CPEC. Therefore, the findings of this study regarding the demographic implications suggest that the local community in Gilgit-Baltistan believes that the CPEC will encourage the migration of rural populations to urban centres.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe objective is to determine the anticipated socio-cultural and demographic effects of CPEC on the local community of Gilgit-Baltistan. The data analysis was conducted using the responses of 150 respondents from the local community in Gilgit-Baltistan. Initially, the frequency and percentage distribution were verified, and the hypotheses were subsequently evaluated using the Chi-square test in SPSS version 21. The study concludes that the local community has numerous expectations regarding the CPEC project in terms of social cohesion and integration among individuals from various regions of Gilgit-Baltistan. Additionally, the CPEC will facilitate the establishment of social connections between various groups. The CPEC is anticipated to improve the quality of life and guarantee the provision of services such as employment, health, and education. The CPEC will result in the global dissemination of indigenous culture. The local community believes that the CPEC will result in linguistic and lifestyle changes in Gilgit-Baltistan, and its impact on culture is being disregarded. In terms of demography, the local community believes that the CPEC will result in the development of cities at a faster pace than rural areas, which will result in a migration of the rural population to the urban areas of Gilgit-Baltistan. The study as a whole offers valuable insights for policymakers in the context of the CPEC's future success and the growth of rural communities in Gilgit-Baltistan.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eRecommendations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommence exhaustive baseline studies to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current socio-cultural and demographic landscape of Gilgit-Baltistan. This will serve as a benchmark for evaluating the future effects and modifications of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticipate in dialogue and decision-making processes with local communities to guarantee that their suggestions and concerns are taken into account. Maintain open communication channels by organizing community forums and conducting regular consultations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eCreate and execute initiatives that are designed to safeguard the distinctive cultural heritage of Gilgit-Baltistan. This may involve the provision of financial support for cultural events, the documentation of traditions, and the encouragement of local arts and crafts.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormulate socio-economic development strategies that are specifically tailored to the requirements and aspirations of the local populace. In order to guarantee sustainable growth and development, prioritize employment, healthcare, and education opportunities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eConduct consistent environmental and social impact assessments to gain a comprehensive understanding of the broader implications of CPEC-related developments. Guarantee that these evaluations are transparent and incorporate the opinions of local constituents.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstablish and execute policy frameworks that safeguard the rights and interests of the local community. This encompasses regulations to reduce adverse effects on local livelihoods, compensation for displaced individuals, and land rights.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncourage interdisciplinary research to investigate the multifaceted effects of CPEC on Gilgit-Baltistan. Foster collaboration among academic institutions, government entities, and international organizations to improve the quality and scope of research.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormulate sustainable tourism strategies that capitalize on the distinctive cultural and natural features of Gilgit-Baltistan. Guarantee that the development of tourism is advantageous to local communities and that environmental degradation is minimized.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eConduct public awareness campaigns to inform the local populace of the potential consequences of CPEC. Furnish details regarding the rights, opportunities, and resources that are accessible for community engagement.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eWe hereby declare that this study has received ethics approval from the University of Sargodha, ensuring compliance with ethical principles and regulations governing human research. The approval was granted following a thorough review of the study\u0026rsquo;s methodology, potential risks, and benefits to the participants, as well as measures in place to safeguard their rights and well-being.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eConflict of interest:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgment:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe author* particularly grateful for Asst. Prof. Dr. Shakeel Ahmad's indispensable supervision, helpful suggestions, and inspiring attitude. The author also expresses gratitude to their parents, particularly their father, \u003cb\u003eGul Siyar\u003c/b\u003e, for their assistance in completing the work.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eALI I, RIAZ S, ALI, W., BANO T (2020) China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): A Door of Hope for Pakistan and Potential Benefits for China. Eur Acad Res VII 12:6182\u0026ndash;6201\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAli L, Mi J, Shah M, Shah SJ, Khan S, Ullah R, Bibi K (2018) Local residents\u0026rsquo; attitude towards road and transport infrastructure (a case of China Pakistan economic corridor). 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Sustainability 11(3):840\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"CPEC, Social Impact, Cultural Impact, Demographic Impact, Gilgit-Baltistan","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4794378/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4794378/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIt is expected that the CPEC will transmute the whole society of Pakistan particularly the society of Gilgit-Baltistan as Gilgit-Baltistan is the entranceway of CPEC to Pakistan. All the road networks, communication systems such as fibre optics, as well as gas and oil pipelines, must travel through this area. Aiming at finding the expected socio-cultural and demographic impacts of CPEC on local community of Gilgit-Baltistan. The data from 150 respondents from the local community residing at Gilgit-Baltistan were used for data analysis. Initially the frequency and percentage distribution were checked and then the hypotheses were tested using Chi-square test with SPSS version21. The findings of this research verify that the family and religious institution will have a significant impact of CPEC. CPEC will also bring linguistic and life style changes in Gilgit-Baltistan. It is expected that the CPEC will lead to migration of rural population towards urban areas.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The CPEC is expected to have significant socio-cultural and demographic effects on the local community of Gilgit-Baltistan.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-07-29 13:42:00","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4794378/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"60b7a1ee-62f8-44d4-abdc-04c7ccfd9244","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 29th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":35059558,"name":"Sociology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-07-29T13:42:00+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-07-29 13:42:00","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4794378","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4794378","identity":"rs-4794378","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}