Blockchain-Enabled Security Model for VANETs: A Novel Approach to Authentication and Position

Blockchain-Enabled Security Model for VANETs: A Novel Approach to Authentication and Position | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Blockchain-Enabled Security Model for VANETs: A Novel Approach to Authentication and Position Syed Mohd Faisal This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4859344/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is infrastructure-less networks that does not rely on a preexisting infrastructure and are inherently vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to their intrinsic openness. We proposed a new blockchain-based security model that is meant to make VANET safer by adding methods for authentication and position verification. The proposed model uses Road Side Units (RSUs) to verify the identification of vehicles and an iterative method to verify the vehicle’s geographical location by calculating the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA). Blockchain technology is a key part of keeping track of safety event messages, location badges, and trust levels, which ensures compliance with local regulations. The proposed model was simulated under the OMNeT + + Veins, and SUMO simulators. In situations where there are no malicious nodes, the model has a better Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) than common protocols like ASC, LAKAP, and HEPPA. The proposed method constantly has a big advantage in PDR, even when there are malicious nodes present. This shows how reliable the proposed method is. We also examined End-to-End Delay, Transmission overhead, and Packet Loss Ratio, which shows that the model can make networks more efficient. The simulation results proved that the proposed model is a strong way to improve the safety and performance of communication networks, especially when it comes to self-driving and connected vehicles. These encouraging results pave the way for more study to improve how useful and effective blockchain implementation is in VANETs, which is in line with the dynamic landscape of connected vehicles. Systems and Networking Vehicular ad-hoc network Certification Authority Blockchain Authentication Time stamp Location of certificate Trust level Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4859344","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":335927921,"identity":"6783b8ad-3e9f-4aa6-9f69-fdb4e3490dca","order_by":0,"name":"Syed Mohd Faisal","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA60lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxgcMCQwMMhAWAwMPH2EtzAYgLTwQFpDBRpQWBogWNgkQi6AW+WmHGT88+GPHw99/+Fjl1xw7GTYG5oePbuDRYnA7mVkisS2ZR+JGWtpt2W3JQIexGRvn4NMinX9AIrGBmcdAgsfstuQ2ZqAWHjZpfFrkZycz/0j4U89jwH/+W7HktnrCWhhuJ7NJJLAd5jFgyGFj/LjtMGEtQL+wWSS2HQf5xViacdtxHjZmAn4BOezmjz/VcsAQe/jx57Zqe3725oeP8ToMGTDzgElilYMA4w9SVI+CUTAKRsGIAQAKHEBLq25yFgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"KL University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Syed","middleName":"Mohd","lastName":"Faisal","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-08-05 05:23:34","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4859344/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4859344/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":61937343,"identity":"3fb3c342-ba3c-4ace-bdb0-52c8a6b96a40","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-07 09:25:26","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":802821,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FinalCopy.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4859344/v1_covered_478739da-bc10-4c46-99a3-f7a0b02160bf.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eBlockchain-Enabled Security Model for VANETs: A Novel Approach to Authentication and Position\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Vehicular ad-hoc network, Certification Authority, Blockchain, Authentication, Time stamp, Location of certificate, Trust level","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4859344/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4859344/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eVehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is infrastructure-less networks that does not rely on a preexisting infrastructure and are inherently vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to their intrinsic openness. We proposed a new blockchain-based security model that is meant to make VANET safer by adding methods for authentication and position verification. The proposed model uses Road Side Units (RSUs) to verify the identification of vehicles and an iterative method to verify the vehicle\u0026rsquo;s geographical location by calculating the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA). Blockchain technology is a key part of keeping track of safety event messages, location badges, and trust levels, which ensures compliance with local regulations. The proposed model was simulated under the OMNeT\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Veins, and SUMO simulators. In situations where there are no malicious nodes, the model has a better Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) than common protocols like ASC, LAKAP, and HEPPA. The proposed method constantly has a big advantage in PDR, even when there are malicious nodes present. This shows how reliable the proposed method is. 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