Temporal Resistance Gravity: A Scalar FieldFramework Unifying Weak-Field Relativity andQuantum Phenomena Without Fitted Parameters

Temporal Resistance Gravity: A Scalar FieldFramework Unifying Weak-Field Relativity andQuantum Phenomena Without Fitted Parameters | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Systematic Review Temporal Resistance Gravity: A Scalar FieldFramework Unifying Weak-Field Relativity andQuantum Phenomena Without Fitted Parameters Tarvon Trevon McFarlane This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8545651/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We propose that gravity arises from temporal resistance rather than spacetimecurvature. Starting from the postulate dτ/dt = √1 − Ψ where Ψ is a scalar field, wederive—without fitted parameters—the perihelion advance formula, light deflection,Shapiro delay, and all time dilation effects. The framework reproduces every testedprediction of General Relativity in weak fields while offering a physical mechanismabsent in geometric approaches. We show that the Schwarzschild metric emergesnaturally from our temporal resistance postulate when combined with empiricalconstraints, establishing mathematical equivalence in vacuum while maintainingontological distinction. Critically, temporal resistance predicts latitude-dependentvelocity anomalies during Earth flybys of the form observed by Anderson et al.(2008) but unexplained by GR. The scalar field structure provides a natural bridgeto quantum mechanics: the Schr¨odinger equation emerges from the same actionprinciple, and “particles” are Ψ-field oscillations quantized by ℏ. This offers aresolution to the century-old quantum gravity problem by treating geometry asemergent rather than fundamental. While tensor extensions are needed for framedragging and strong-field dynamics, this work establishes temporal compression asa complete alternative to spacetime curvature in the tested regime, with clear pathsto both strong-field and quantum extensions Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8545651","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Systematic Review","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":571896026,"identity":"691e18a4-3d49-47fe-b709-f9f0b034815c","order_by":0,"name":"Tarvon Trevon McFarlane","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBAC+wMIBiOILQfiHHiARwsbjGEAUgnExmAtCaRoSWwA8fBqYT/7TOLjjm3yBuxnHxz4ucMmfX7Y4YdAW+zkdBtwaOFJN5Oceea24X6edIODvWfScjfeTjMAakk2NjuAy2FpzMa8bbcTDBjSGA7wth3O3Tg7AaTlQOI2XFr4n0G18D9jOPi37X+64ez0D/i1SKQxPgZrkUhjOMzbdiBBXjqHgC0Szxgfzmy7bbhB4hnDYdm2ZMMN0jkFBxIM8PiFH+iFj2235Q340xgfvm2zk5efnb75w4cKOzlcWjCBAVilAbHKQUC+gRTVo2AUjIJRMBIAAPH8YYsKNzsWAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tarvon","middleName":"Trevon","lastName":"McFarlane","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-08 00:23:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8545651/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8545651/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":100367287,"identity":"f4a722bc-8b36-48f1-aa7f-04d04fac7708","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 07:56:56","extension":"json","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3239,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"3089b955fd164295bd8c860d24616168.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8545651/v1/3eba2c674f12728afb804586.json"},{"id":101795187,"identity":"75b1cbd0-8a1c-4a1c-bdc0-ee68a49d6a11","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-03 16:41:04","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":307316,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Gravity.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8545651/v1_covered_c8137ebb-6e64-4fbe-97aa-db8e35a5c031.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Temporal Resistance Gravity: A Scalar FieldFramework Unifying Weak-Field Relativity andQuantum Phenomena Without Fitted Parameters","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8545651/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8545651/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"We propose that gravity arises from temporal resistance rather than spacetimecurvature. 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This offers aresolution to the century-old quantum gravity problem by treating geometry asemergent rather than fundamental. 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