Association mapping of Iranian wheat genotypes to detect QTLs conferring resistance to stem rust at seedling stage

Association mapping of Iranian wheat genotypes to detect QTLs conferring resistance to stem rust at seedling stage | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research article Association mapping of Iranian wheat genotypes to detect QTLs conferring resistance to stem rust at seedling stage Ali Saremirad, Mohammad Bihamta, Ali Malihipour, Khodadad Mostafavi, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-25893/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici ( Pgt ) is an important disease of wheat in the world. Pgt pathogen is constantly evolving and creating more virulent races that break down stem rust ( Sr ) resistance genes. As a result, many of Sr genes have become ineffective against new Pgt races. Exploring new sources of resistance to detect new Sr genes/QTLs is very important in order to introducing them into wheat breeding programs and developing resistant wheat cultivars. The objective of the present study was to evaluate 297 Iranian wheat genotypes for resistance to stem rust at seedling stage and to detect Sr resistance genes/QTLs through association mapping (AM). Results A set of 297 Iran bread wheat cultivars and landraces were evaluated for infection type and latent period in four race of Pgt . Genotypic data of 282 genotypes were available, so AM was performed based on 282 genotypes. The results of population structure analysis showed that 277 genotypes clearly were distinguished in the three subpopulations and the other five genotypes were classified in the mixed group. The mean linkage disequilibrium decreased with increasing genetic distance. The markers did not have a uniform distribution on the genomes, so the share of each of the A, B and D genomes in commercial cultivars and landraces was approximately 37, 46 and 17%, respectively. Collectively, 69 QTLs for infection type and 62 QTLs for latent period of studied Pgt races were identified in the original dataset (P ≤ 0.001). In the imputed SNPs dataset, the number of QTLs for infection type increased to 504 QTL and for latent period increased to 454 QTLs (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Iranian wheat genotypes are valuable source resistance to stem rust. By incorporating these genotypes into wheat breeding programs and optimizing effective resistance genes, an important step can be taken to prevent the threat of and the disease to ensure food security. This study provides additional useful information for selection of resistant genotypes against the disease by improving marker-assisted selection efficiency. Plant Physiology and Morphology Plant Molecular Biology and Genetics Wheat Association mapping Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Sr genes SNP markers Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Full Text Supplementary Files Genotypeslist.xlsx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-25893","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":544601,"identity":"d87c6e9b-2e2d-4846-8edb-886f8e19d484","order_by":1,"name":"Ali Saremirad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Karaj Islamic Azad University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ali","middleName":"","lastName":"Saremirad","suffix":""},{"id":544602,"identity":"1448ce04-d23e-42da-9f1d-00fd888e3ba3","order_by":2,"name":"Mohammad 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15:34:44","extension":"xlsx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":43468,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Genotypeslist.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-25893/v1/Genotypeslist.xlsx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Association mapping of Iranian wheat genotypes to detect QTLs conferring resistance to stem rust at seedling stage","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-25893/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Wheat, Association mapping, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, Sr genes, SNP markers","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-25893/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-25893/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eStem rust caused by \u003cem\u003ePuccinia graminis\u003c/em\u003e f. sp. \u003cem\u003etritici\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003ePgt\u003c/em\u003e) is an important disease of wheat in the world. \u003cem\u003ePgt\u003c/em\u003e pathogen is constantly evolving and creating more virulent races that break down stem rust (\u003cem\u003eSr\u003c/em\u003e) resistance genes. As a result, many of \u003cem\u003eSr\u003c/em\u003e genes have become ineffective against new \u003cem\u003ePgt\u003c/em\u003e races. Exploring new sources of resistance to detect new \u003cem\u003eSr\u003c/em\u003e genes/QTLs is very important in order to introducing them into wheat breeding programs and developing resistant wheat cultivars. The objective of the present study was to evaluate 297 Iranian wheat genotypes for resistance to stem rust at seedling stage and to detect \u003cem\u003eSr\u003c/em\u003e resistance genes/QTLs through association mapping (AM).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA set of 297 Iran bread wheat cultivars and landraces were evaluated for infection type and latent period in four race of \u003cem\u003ePgt\u003c/em\u003e. Genotypic data of 282 genotypes were available, so AM was performed based on 282 genotypes. The results of population structure analysis showed that 277 genotypes clearly were distinguished in the three subpopulations and the other five genotypes were classified in the mixed group. The mean linkage disequilibrium decreased with increasing genetic distance. The markers did not have a uniform distribution on the genomes, so the share of each of the A, B and D genomes in commercial cultivars and landraces was approximately 37, 46 and 17%, respectively. Collectively, 69 QTLs for infection type and 62 QTLs for latent period of studied \u003cem\u003ePgt\u003c/em\u003e races were identified in the original dataset (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.001). In the imputed SNPs dataset, the number of QTLs for infection type increased to 504 QTL and for latent period increased to 454 QTLs (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Iranian wheat genotypes are valuable source resistance to stem rust. By incorporating these genotypes into wheat breeding programs and optimizing effective resistance genes, an important step can be taken to prevent the threat of and the disease to ensure food security. This study provides additional useful information for selection of resistant genotypes against the disease by improving marker-assisted selection efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Association mapping of Iranian wheat genotypes to detect QTLs conferring resistance to stem rust at seedling stage","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2020-05-09 15:34:44","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-25893/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"fc00eb39-e6b4-4c7e-a962-8f7168da22a5","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 9th, 2020","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":96810,"name":"Plant Physiology and Morphology"},{"id":96811,"name":"Plant Molecular Biology and Genetics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2020-05-14T08:03:41+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2020-05-09 15:34:44","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-25893","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-25893","identity":"rs-25893","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}