Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study

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Scientific productivity, in addition to making visible the generation of new knowledge, contributes to the well-being of the population and provides feedback to the scientific community in terms of methodologies, perspectives and results that help to break down barriers that delimit productivity in scientific research. Methods A cross-sectional analytical observational study was conducted. The study population was 4104 students enrolled during the 2021-I semester in the Faculty of Health Sciences of a private Peruvian university. A sample size of 400 students was determined and a stratified probability sampling was used. The variables were measured through surveys. The dependent variable was scientific research productivity, and the independent variables were institutional culture, knowledge management and technological capital. Summary measures are reported according to the type of variable. The chi-square test with a significance level of p<0.05 was applied to assess the association between the variables of interest. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using the Stepwise method. Prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Results From the total of 400 students, 74.5% were male, 57.25% were aged between 18 and 27 years, 17% belonged to the school of human medicine and 72% were in their sixth year of studies. Scientific research productivity was associated with management commitment (PR=1.493; 95%CI: 1.077–2.068, p=0.015), sense of personal growth (PR=1.632; 95%CI: 1.041–2.558; p=0.024), recognition by the university (PR=1.385; 95%CI: 1.012–1.896; p=0.043), strategic alliances (PR=1.422; 95%CI: 1.032–1.959; p=0. 03), having research proposals (PR=1.522; 95%CI: 1.114–2.08; p=0.009), dissemination of results obtained (PR=1.542; 95%CI: 1.12–2.122; p=0.01), availability of human resources (PR=1.591; 95%CI: 1.165–2.173; p=0.004), access to equipment and software (PR=1.482; 95%CI: 1.061–2.069; p=0.018) and to laboratories (PR=1.438; 95%CI: 1.047–1.974; p=0.024). Conclusion It is concluded that the research productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences is low. It is imperative to strengthen the university research culture that empowers students as agents of change and strengthens faculty participation in scientific networks and communities. 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F1000Research 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143021.3 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Research Article Revised Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] César Antonio Bonilla-Asalde https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4470-1939 1 , Isabel Cristina Rivera-Lozada 2 , Oriana Rivera-Lozada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6546-3570 3 César Antonio Bonilla-Asalde https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4470-1939 1 , Isabel Cristina Rivera-Lozada 2 , Oriana Rivera-Lozada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6546-3570 3 PUBLISHED 13 Jan 2025 Author details Author details 1 Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru 2 Departamento de Economía, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia 3 Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Lambayeque, Peru César Antonio Bonilla-Asalde Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Isabel Cristina Rivera-Lozada Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Oriana Rivera-Lozada Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS Abstract Background The objective of this study was to determine the conditioning factors for scientific research productivity in university students of health sciences. Scientific productivity, in addition to making visible the generation of new knowledge, contributes to the well-being of the population and provides feedback to the scientific community in terms of methodologies, perspectives and results that help to break down barriers that delimit productivity in scientific research. Methods A cross-sectional analytical observational study was conducted. The study population was 4104 students enrolled during the 2021-I semester in the Faculty of Health Sciences of a private Peruvian university. A sample size of 400 students was determined and a stratified probability sampling was used. The variables were measured through surveys. The dependent variable was scientific research productivity, and the independent variables were institutional culture, knowledge management and technological capital. Summary measures are reported according to the type of variable. The chi-square test with a significance level of p<0.05 was applied to assess the association between the variables of interest. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using the Stepwise method. Prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Results From the total of 400 students, 74.5% were male, 57.25% were aged between 18 and 27 years, 17% belonged to the school of human medicine and 72% were in their sixth year of studies. Scientific research productivity was associated with management commitment (PR=1.493; 95%CI: 1.077–2.068, p=0.015), sense of personal growth (PR=1.632; 95%CI: 1.041–2.558; p=0.024), recognition by the university (PR=1.385; 95%CI: 1.012–1.896; p=0.043), strategic alliances (PR=1.422; 95%CI: 1.032–1.959; p=0. 03), having research proposals (PR=1.522; 95%CI: 1.114–2.08; p=0.009), dissemination of results obtained (PR=1.542; 95%CI: 1.12–2.122; p=0.01), availability of human resources (PR=1.591; 95%CI: 1.165–2.173; p=0.004), access to equipment and software (PR=1.482; 95%CI: 1.061–2.069; p=0.018) and to laboratories (PR=1.438; 95%CI: 1.047–1.974; p=0.024). Conclusion It is concluded that the research productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences is low. It is imperative to strengthen the university research culture that empowers students as agents of change and strengthens faculty participation in scientific networks and communities. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Higher education, scientific research, student research, research universities Corresponding Author(s) César Antonio Bonilla-Asalde ( [email protected] ) Oriana Rivera-Lozada ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding authors: César Antonio Bonilla-Asalde, Oriana Rivera-Lozada Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2025 Bonilla-Asalde CA et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Bonilla-Asalde CA, Rivera-Lozada IC and Rivera-Lozada O. Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143021.3 ) First published: 03 Jan 2024, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143021.1 ) Latest published: 13 Jan 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143021.3 ) Revised Amendments from Version 2 The conclusion was improved to make it clear and precise. The conclusion was improved to make it clear and precise. To read any peer review reports and author responses for this article, follow the "read" links in the Open Peer Review table. READ REVIEWER RESPONSES Introduction Nowadays, the academic development of universities is oriented primarily to the training of human talent, research and technological progress, a situation that is reflected in the research indicators used to determine the level of competitiveness, academic quality and resource allocation. In the face of this reality, university directives increase the demands on teachers, students and researchers in order to raise academic standards as well as the position in the various rankings that serve as a comparative benchmark in the educational system ( Sirvent et al. , 2016 ). It is interesting to mention that, unlike countries in Europe, Asia and Oceania, in Latin America three quarters of research is concentrated in universities and mainly in public ones, tipping the balance towards conducting applied research rather than basic research, which is oriented towards the development of science and technology ( Alarco, Changllio-Calle and Cahuana-Salazar, 2017 ). Research published in journals of importance in the region of the Americas exceeds 100,000 titles in the period 1996–2003; however, very few correspond to production by university students, 75% belong to Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Mexico, placing Peru in 8th place with 3% in that concept ( Osada, Loyola-Sosa and Berrocal, 2014 ). In Peru, research in university campuses is limited by a myriad of factors, including state investment, the lowest in this hemisphere -0.1% of GDP, below Brazil, Mexico, Colombia and Chile. This information allows us to understand why in the period prior to the enactment of the 2014 University Law, only three universities, one national and two private, concentrated 64% of the scientific production ( Perdomo et al. , 2020 ). Moquillaza (2019) draws attention to the scarcity of information in indexed journals related to the scientific production of students in higher education institutions and the small number of journals that accept research conducted by students. Another aspect to point out in the Peruvian case has to do with the limited number of journals corresponding to university publishers that do not exceed 10% of these publications. While as from 2018 there is evidence of greater research in Peru, it remains globally low; among the possible causes is the lack of indexed journals for research authored by students. Frequencies of reports are found in Colombia 11%, Chile 10% and similar in Peru. Student perception of the causes, besides the above, are related to the lack of research experience of the teaching staff and that the contents provided in research methodology courses are insufficient, in addition to not teaching or giving guidelines on writing an article and how to submit it to a journal for its publication ( Santibáñez, 2017 ; Castro-Rodríguez, 2019 ). Castro-Rodríguez et al. (2018) , explain that only 4.5% of papers published in Scielo Peru had a contribution from at least one student from a Peruvian university, reflecting the pitfalls faced by university students when publishing an academic paper, as well as the lack of opportunities to be incorporated into research groups, a deficit in incentives and the underestimation of student capacities to develop quality research. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the conditioning factors for the scientific research productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private university in Peru. Methods Study design and population An analytical cross-sectional observational study was conducted. The study population consisted of 4104 undergraduate students. The study included students of both genders enrolled in the 2020-I semester at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Norbert Wiener Private University and who had taken research subjects. Students who did not wish to participate in the study and those who did not complete the requested information properly were excluded. Type of sampling and sample size A sample size of 400 students was calculated and a stratified probability sample was made by proportional allocation among the students who met the selection criteria of the study. A sample size was determined by proportional allocation according to the size of the school of origin, resulting in a total of 400 students, after applying the statistical formulas. The sampling was simple random probability sampling, since a list of all university students was available, ensuring a confidence level of 95% and a sampling error of less than ±5%. Study variables The independent variables included institutional culture, knowledge management and technological capital measured on a nominal scale. The dependent variable was scientific research productivity. To evaluate the study variables, questionnaires were designed based on previously established models and adapted by the author. The variable “Institutional Culture” was measured using a questionnaire based on the model by Rueda-Barrios and Rodenes-Adam (2016) , which included 24 questions structured on a dichotomous response scale (1 = Yes, 2 = No). The questions were distributed across the following dimensions: participatory culture (12 questions), motivational culture (10 questions), and teamwork culture (2 questions). Similarly, the variable “Knowledge Management” was assessed with a questionnaire consisting of 13 questions also structured on a dichotomous scale (1 = Yes, 2 = No), covering the dimensions of socialization (5 questions), externalization (4 questions), and internalization (4 questions). Lastly, the variable “Technological Capital” was measured using a questionnaire comprising 15 questions, likewise formulated on a dichotomous scale (1 = Yes, 2 = No), distributed across the dimensions of R&D investment (5 questions), technological infrastructure (5 questions), and technological tools (5 questions). These questionnaires were developed to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of the study variables, considering both theoretical validity and the relevance of the selected indicators. Procedures The information from the participants was gathered through four questionnaires ( Bonilla-Asalde et al., 2023b ) based on the model of Rueda-Barrios and Rodenes-Adam (2016) . All questions were posed according to a dichotomous qualitative scale (1=Yes, 2=No). Three questionnaires were applied for the independent variables. The first was composed of 24 questions on institutional culture and included participatory culture, motivational culture and teamwork culture as dimensions. The second questionnaire was composed of 13 questions on knowledge management and included the dimensions of socialization, externalization and internalization. The third questionnaire was composed of 15 questions on technological capital and included the dimensions R&D investment, technological endowment and technological tools. For the dependent variable, a seven-question questionnaire was applied with the dimensions of publications and visibility of the researcher. Data gathering was conducted via email during the period of March–August 2021. The data gathering instruments were developed by the research team and validated by Aiken’s V coefficient, and the binomial test with the participation of ten methodological and thematic experts in university education who assessed the clarity, objectivity, updating, organization, sufficiency, adequacy, coherence, methodology and relevance of the content of the instruments. Reliability was assessed through a pilot test that included 30 students from the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Norbert Wiener Private University. The four instruments were subject to the Kuder Richardson test (KR-20) and a KR coefficient equal to 0.80 was obtained for the questionnaire on institutional culture; 0.82 for knowledge management; 0.79 for technological capital and 0.86 for scientific research productivity. Data processing and analysis The data obtained ( Bonilla-Asalde et al., 2023a ) were gathered in the Microsoft Excel 2010 software and were analyzed with the SPSS software version 25.0. Tables with absolute and relative frequencies were reported for categorical variables, while measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated for quantitative variables. To evaluate the relationship between each independent variable with the dependent variable, a bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square test with their respective p-values; values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The prevalence ratio (PR) and its respective 95% confidence interval were calculated for each relationship. Likewise, to evaluate the relationship between the independent variables and performance in scientific research, a multiple logistic regression analysis was applied, using the Stepwise method where the indicators that showed a value of p<0.05 in the previous bivariate analysis were added. Ethical aspects This study was carried out following the guidelines of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments. This study was evaluated and approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of the Norbert Wiener University on February 5, 2021, expedient 521-2021. All the participants in the study signed the informed consent form before their participation and their identity was anonymized for the elaboration of the database, so their integrity was not violated. Results General characteristics of the study sample A total of 400 students from the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Norbert Wiener Private University were analyzed, of which 74.5% (n=298) were male and 57.25% (n=229) were between 18 and 27 years of age. Also, 17% (n=68) were studying in the School of Human Medicine, while 5% (n=20) in the School of Human Nutrition. Besides, 78% (n=288) were in their sixth year of studies, while 0.5% (n=2) were in their eleventh year ( Table 1 ). Table 1. General characteristics of the students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Norbert Wiener Private University, Peru 2021 (n=400). Characteristics n % Gender Male 298 74.5 Female 102 25.5 Age (years) 18-27 229 57.25 28-37 137 34.25 38-47 15 3.75 48 or more 19 4.75 Civil status Single 347 86.75 Married 33 8.25 Divorced/separated 1 0.25 Widowed 4 1.00 Cohabitant 15 3.75 School of the participant Human Medicine 68 17.00 Obstetrics 32 8.00 Psychology 32 8.00 Medical technology – physical therapy and rehabilitation 36 9.00 Medical technology – clinical laboratory and anatomical pathology 32 8.00 Nursing 64 16.00 Dentistry 51 12.75 Human Nutrition 20 5.00 Pharmacy and Biochemistry 65 16.25 Semester of studies Sixth 288 72.00 Seventh 47 11.75 Eighth 29 7.25 Ninth 5 1.25 Tenth 29 7.25 Eleventh 2 0.5 Twelfth 0 0.00 Descriptive analysis of the independent and dependent variables in the study sample The indicators of institutional culture were evaluated in the sample studied. 70.75% (n=283) stated that there are no agreements for the dissemination of research. 76% (n=304) expressed the opinion that there is a concern for the personal growth of students, 65.5% (n=262) expressed interest in research and 60.25% (n=241) considered that there is no recognition of students who practice research by the university. When evaluating the knowledge management indicators, it was found that 69.25% (n=277) consider that access to information is adequate. 77% (n=308) consider that there is adequate advice from teachers on research, while 72.5% (n=290) reported that there are no mechanisms for the dissemination of results. On the other hand, 62.75% (n=251) stated that they are not part of any scientific network and 82.75% (n=331) do not have access to indexed scientific journals. In addition, 60.25% (n=241) considered that the university does not use the results of research conducted by students. Technological capital indicators were evaluated. It was found that 66% (n=264) consider that they do not have supporting human resources for research. 62.25% (n=249) stated that they had sufficient databases to conduct research, while 80% (n=320) considered that they did not have collaborative tools for research ( Table 2 ). Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the institutional culture, knowledge management and technological capital of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Norbert Wiener Private University, Peru 2021 (n=400). Characteristics Yes No n (%) n (%) Institutional culture: Participatory culture Management commitment 202 (50.5) 198 (49.5) Agreements 117 (29.25) 283 (70.75) Research policies 207 (51.75) 193 (48.25) Motivational culture Personal growth 304 (76.0) 96 (24.0) Interest in research 262 (65.5) 138 (34.5) Recognition 159 (39.75) 241 (60.25) Teamwork culture Multidisciplinary research teams 209 (52.25) 191 (47.75) Strategic alliances 192 (48.0) 208 (52.0) Knowledge management: Socialization Access to information 277 (69.25) 123 (30.75) Dissemination of results 110 (27.5) 290 (72.5) Research proposals 140 (35.0) 260 (65.0) Mentoring by teachers 308 (77.0) 92 (23.0) Externalization Shared results 104 (26.0) 296 (74.0) Participation in scientific networks 149 (37.25) 251 (62.75) Access to scientific journals 69 (17.25) 331 (82.75) Internalization Incorporation of lessons learned 184 (46.0) 216 (54.0) Use of research results 159 (39.75) 241 (60.25) Technological capital: R&D investment Availability of supporting human resources 136 (34.0) 264 (66.0) Visibility of investment 170 (42.5) 230 (57.5) Technological resources Equipment and software 218 (54.5) 182 (45.5) Laboratories 180 (45.0) 220 (55.0) ICT tools Databases 249 (62.25) 151 (37.75) Collaborative tools 80 (20.0) 320 (80.0) Table 3 shows the descriptive analysis of the dependent variable. It was found that 72.25% (n=289) have not published any article in indexed journals or congresses and 98.5% (n=394) do not have any research project approved for execution. Furthermore, none of the students in the study sample has an H index and only 2.5% (n=10) have at least one publication in Open Access ( Table 3 ). Table 3. Descriptive analysis of scientific research productivity in students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Norbert Wiener Private University, Peru 2021 (n=400). Characteristics Yes No n (%) n (%) Publications Publications in indexed journals and conferences 111 (27.75) 289 (72.25) Research projects approved 6 (1.5) 394 (98.5) Visibility of the researcher H index result 0 (0.0) 400 (100.0) Studies in Open Access 10 (2.5) 390 (97.5) Bivariate analysis of the independent variables and the dependent variable in the study sample In the bivariate analysis, a statistically significant association was found between scientific research productivity and management commitment (CPR=1.493; 95%CI: 1.077–2.068; p=0.015), personal growth (PR=1.632; 95%CI: 1.041–2.558; p=0.024), receiving recognition for practicing research (PR=1.385; 95%CI: 1.012–1.896; p=0.043) and strategic alliances (CPR=1.422; 95%CI: 1.032–1.959; p=0.03). Regarding knowledge management, research proposals (CPR=1.522; 95%CI: 1.114–2.080; p=0.009), shared results (CPR=1.542; 95%CI: 1.120–2.122; p=0.01) and use of research results (CPR=1.436; 95%CI: 1.049–1.965; p=0.024) were significantly associated with scientific research productivity. In the technological capital dimension, the availability of human resources support (CPR=1.591; 95%CI: 1.165–2.173; p=0. 004), visibility of investment in research (CPR=1.481; 95%CI: 1.08–2.029; p=0.014), having equipment and software (CPR=1.482; 95%CI: 1.061–2.069; p=0.018) and laboratories (CPR=1.438; 95%CI: 1.047–1.974; p=0.024) ( Table 4 ). Table 4. Bivariate analysis of the institutional culture, knowledge management and technological capital according to scientific research productivity in students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Norbert Wiener Private University, Peru 2021 (n=400). Characteristics Scientific research productivity CPR (95%CI) * P-value No (n=289) Yes (n=111) n (%) n (%) Institutional culture: Participatory culture Management commitment Yes 135 (66.83) 67 (33.17) 1.493 (1.077-2.068) 0.015 No 154 (77.78) 44 (22.22) Agreements Yes 82 (70.09) 35 (29.91) 1.114 (0.795-1.561) 0.534 No 207 (73.14) 76 (26.86) Research policies Yes 147 (71.01) 60 (28.99) 1.097 (0.798-1.507) 0.568 No 142 (73.58) 51 (26.42) Motivational culture Personal growth Yes 211 (69.41) 93 (30.59) 1.632 (1.041-2.558) 0.024 No 78 (81.25) 18 (21.74) Interest in research Yes 181 (69.08) 81 (30.92) 1.422 (0.988-2.048) 0.051 No 108 (78.26) 30 (21.74) Recognition Yes 106 (66.67) 53 (33.33) 1.385 (1.012-1.896) 0.043 No 183 (75.93) 58 (24.07) Teamwork culture Multidisciplinary research teams Yes 146 (69.86) 63 (30.14) 1.199 (0.871-1.652) 0.263 No 143 (74.87) 48 (25.13) Strategic alliances Yes 129 (67.19) 63 (32.81) 1.422 (1.032-1.959) 0.03 No 160 (76.92) 48 (23.08) Knowledge management: Socialization Access to information Yes 201 (72.56) 76 (27.44) 0.964 (0.687-1.3549) 0.834 No 88 (71.54) 35 (28.46) Dissemination of results Yes 75 (68.18) 35 (31.82) 1.214 (0.869-1.697) 0.263 No 214 (73.79) 76 (26.21) Research proposals Yes 90 (64.29) 50 (35.71) 1.522 (1.114-2.080) 0.009 No 199 (76.54) 61 (23.46) Mentoring by teachers Yes 224 (72.73) 84 (27.27) 0.929 (0.645-1.340) 0.696 No 65 (70.65) 27 (29.35) Externalization Shared results Yes 65 (62.5) 39 (37.5) 1.542 (1.120-2.122) 0.01 No 224 (75.68) 72 (24.32) Participation in scientific networks Yes 110 (73.83) 39 (26.17) 0.912 (0.654-1.273) 0.588 No 179 (71.31) 72 (28.69) Access to scientific journals Yes 46 (66.67) 23 (33.33) 1.254 (0.859-1.831) 0.255 No 243 (73.41) 88 (26.59) Internalization Incorporation of lessons learned Yes 126 (68.48) 58 (31.52) 1.285 (0.936-1.763) 0.12 No 163 (75.46) 53 (24.54) Use of research results Yes 105 (66.04) 54 (33.96) 1.436 (1.049-1.965) 0.024 No 184 (76.35) 57 (23.65) Technological capital: R&D investment Availability of supporting human resources Yes 86 (63.24) 50 (36.76) 1.591 (1.165-2.173) 0.004 No 203 (76.89) 61 (23.11) Visibility of investment Yes 112 (65.88) 58 (34.12) 1.481 (1.08-2.029) 0.014 No 177 (76.96) 53 (23.04) Technological resources Equipment and software Yes 147 (67.43) 71 (32.57) 1.482 (1.061-2.069) 0.018 No 142 (78.02) 40 (21.98) Laboratories Yes 120 (66.67) 60 (33.33) 1.438 (1.047-1.974) 0.024 No 169 (76.82) 51 (23.18) ICT tools Databases Yes 183 (73.49) 66 (26.51) 0.889 (0.646-1.225) 0.476 No 106 (70.2) 45 (29.8) Collaborative tools Yes 52 (65.0) 28 (35.0) 1.349 (0.95-1.917) 0.105 No 237 (74.06) 83 (25.94) * Crude prevalence ratio. Multiple regression analysis according to scientific research productivity in the study sample The multiple logistic regression model found association between scientific research performance with management commitment (APR=1.392; 95%CI: 1.001–1.935; p=0.049) and availability of human resources to support research (APR=1.471; 95%CI: 1.063–2.063; p=0.02) ( Table 5 ). Table 5. Multiple regression analysis of the independent variables according to scientific research productivity in students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Norbert Wiener Private University, Peru 2021. Characteristics APR * 95% confidence interval P-value + Management commitment 1.392 1.001–1.935 0.049 Personal growth 1.492 0.945–2.354 0.086 Recognition 1.206 0.84–1.733 0.31 Strategic alliances 1.283 0.886–1.859 0.187 Research proposals 1.327 0.916–1.922 0.134 Shared results 1.314 0.867–1.992 0.198 Use of research results 1.05 0.673–1.638 0.83 Availability of supporting human resources 1.471 1.063–2.036 0.02 Visibility of investment 1.315 0.939–1.842 0.111 Equipment and software 1.308 0.914–1.871 0.142 Laboratories 1.278 0.919–1.778 0.145 * Adjusted prevalence ratio. + p-value estimated by multiple regression using the Stepwise method, with significance level of p<0.05. Discussion The evidence presented in this study underscores the importance of understanding both the factors that inhibit and those that foster scientific productivity among undergraduate health sciences students. This focus is increasingly relevant, given the critical role universities play as engines of knowledge, innovation, and social development ( Daher, Panuncio & Hernández, 2018 ). Although numerous higher education institutions have intensified their efforts to promote research, the findings highlight a disjunction between institutional policies and students’ lived experiences. Low productivity levels, reflected in modest percentages of publications and approved projects, contrast sharply with students’ substantial intrinsic interest in research as a key component of their personal and professional growth. This discrepancy suggests the need to reassess the institutional framework, resource availability, and faculty engagement to create environments more conducive to early and meaningful student involvement in research. Comparisons with more established contexts are particularly enlightening. In universities known for robust research traditions and well-defined incentive policies, student engagement in scientific endeavors can surpass 40–50%. Such figures position the setting analyzed here as still in an early developmental stage—yet one that could be significantly enhanced by adopting strategies proven effective in international contexts ( Oyarzún Maldonado et al., 2020 ). Rather than advocating the uncritical transfer of external models, this approach calls for a reasoned and flexible integration of best practices that align with local characteristics and the institution’s existing potential. Improving scientific productivity among undergraduate students demands a comprehensive and systematic approach. Merely introducing isolated research methodology courses in the final years of study is insufficient. More effective is the early, transversal integration of research-related activities throughout the curriculum, supported by access to digital repositories, laboratories, academic networks, conferences, and specialized journals ( Vera & Vera, 2015 ). Moreover, the faculty’s role transcends traditional instruction: as mentors, faculty guide the development of critical, analytical, and communicative skills. International evidence supports providing clear, sustained incentives for faculty mentors—such as academic recognition, targeted funding, and reduced teaching loads for those overseeing student research projects—to foster a virtuous cycle in which scientific inquiry becomes central to the university’s academic culture ( Rueda-Barrios & Rodenes-Adam, 2016 ). Cultivating a strong institutional research culture entails more than meeting preset benchmarks. It involves establishing an environment where scientific inquiry naturally permeates academic training. Systematically disseminating student achievements, consolidating multidisciplinary collaborative networks, creating competitive funding opportunities for undergraduate projects, forging alliances with universities and research centers, and encouraging student participation in conferences, symposia, and specialized workshops are strategies that, when applied consistently, help normalize research within the broader university experience ( Tomàs-Folch, Ruíz & Labao, 2015 ; Castro-Rodríguez, 2019 ). In the health sciences, these improvements have implications that extend beyond academia. Training professionals with robust research competencies not only enhances their capacity to integrate scientific evidence into clinical practice, but also prepares them to devise innovative solutions to complex health issues and continuously improve the quality of care. Such outcomes, documented across diverse contexts, reaffirm the importance of fostering a critical and reflective scientific mindset, aligned with the evolving demands of contemporary healthcare systems ( Morán-Mariños, Montesinos-Segura & Taype-Rondan, 2019 ). In conclusion, the limited scientific productivity observed among undergraduate students should not be viewed as an intractable, structural challenge. Instead, it represents an opportunity to implement informed, strategic, and sustainable reforms. The evidence presented here provides a foundation for adopting more assertive institutional policies, adequate resource allocation, enhanced faculty mentorship, and the expansion of collaborative networks both within and beyond the institution. By bridging the gap between students’ latent interest and the current conditions of research practice, universities can strengthen their national and international standing. Ultimately, integrating research as a fundamental pillar in health sciences education will shape the caliber of future professionals and contribute to the scientific and social advancement increasingly demanded by the global community. Limitations Several limitations of this study should be taken into account when interpreting the findings. First, the focus on students from Norbert Wiener University may introduce selection bias, as this sample might not adequately represent the socioeconomic and educational diversity found in other universities or regions of the country. This limited representativeness constrains the generalizability of the results to other contexts, institutions, or populations. Future research should consider more heterogeneous samples encompassing multiple institutions with varied characteristics, thereby enhancing the external validity of these findings. Second, there is the possibility of information bias due to unmeasured variables that could act as confounders. Factors such as prior research training, availability of mentors, extracurricular support, or specific academic incentives were not fully captured. These omissions may influence the observed associations and highlight the need for more comprehensive data collection and analytical models in subsequent studies to better isolate the effects of each variable. Third, the potential for participation bias cannot be overlooked. Students who chose to participate may differ systematically—in terms of motivation, previous research experience, or academic performance—from those who did not take part. Such differences could affect observed productivity levels and perceptions of institutional culture, knowledge management, and technological support. Future studies should consider strategies to improve response rates or employ sampling methods that minimize self-selection effects, ensuring a more balanced representation of the student population. Moreover, the complexity of assessing scientific productivity extends beyond the metrics used in this study. Although indicators such as journal classification, the H-index, and the frequency of publications in indexed journals provide valuable insights, they do not fully capture the breadth and depth of research engagement. Future research might incorporate additional measures—such as the quality of mentorship, interdisciplinary collaborations, or early involvement in projects—to gain a more nuanced understanding of the factors driving student scientific productivity. Despite these limitations, this study offers valuable contributions as one of the first nationwide to examine, in an integrated manner, the relationship between student research productivity and factors related to institutional culture, knowledge management, and technological aspects. By addressing dimensions seldom explored in the literature, these findings not only support a more holistic view of the elements influencing student scientific activity but also lay the groundwork for developing more effective academic policies and institutional strategies. Moreover, this work may inspire future research aimed at delving deeper into the internal dynamics of universities, comparing diverse contexts, and evaluating concrete interventions designed to enhance research training, engagement, and productivity among undergraduate students in the health sciences and beyond. Conclusions Student performance in scientific research is influenced by several key factors, including management commitment, the sense of personal growth through research, university recognition, the existence of strategic alliances, the development of research proposals, the dissemination and application of students’ research findings, and the availability of technological resources. These findings align with existing literature and provide valuable insights into the current state of research within university faculties. However, the study highlights a concerning low level of student participation in research activities, an issue insufficiently addressed by universities to cultivate a scientific mindset among their students. This gap could have medium-term repercussions on academic quality and the broader social impact of higher education institutions. To address these challenges, it is essential to strengthen university programs and systems aimed at monitoring and supporting student engagement in scientific research. Additionally, further research is necessary to explore the factors influencing student performance in greater depth and to understand the future trajectory of university research at both national and international levels. Data availability Underlying data Zenodo: Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8378295 ( Bonilla-Asalde et al., 2023a ). This project contains the following underlying data: - Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University.xlsx (dataset) Extended data Zenodo: Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study (SURVEY). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10162604 ( Bonilla-Asalde et al., 2023b ). This project contains the following extended data: - Survey (a copy of the questionnaire) Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). 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Reference Source Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 03 Jan 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru 2 Departamento de Economía, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia 3 Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Lambayeque, Peru César Antonio Bonilla-Asalde Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Isabel Cristina Rivera-Lozada Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Oriana Rivera-Lozada Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (3) version 3 Revised Published: 13 Jan 2025, 13:5 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143021.3 version 2 Revised Published: 16 Dec 2024, 13:5 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143021.2 version 1 Published: 03 Jan 2024, 13:5 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.143021.1 Copyright © 2025 Bonilla-Asalde CA et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. 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Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 13 Jan 2025 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Venegas Mejia VL. Reviewer Report For: Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176574.r358950 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-5/v3#referee-response-358950 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 22 Jan 2025 Valia Luz Venegas Mejia , Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, San Miguel, Lima Region, Peru Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176574.r358950 I have reviewed the changes and adjustments that were made to the final version of the article and I consider that they are well organized and do not affect the evaluation made initially. I give ... Continue reading READ ALL I have reviewed the changes and adjustments that were made to the final version of the article and I consider that they are well organized and do not affect the evaluation made initially. I give my approval to the final version, in my role as evaluator. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Venegas Mejia VL. Reviewer Report For: Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176574.r358950 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-5/v3#referee-response-358950 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 16 Dec 2024 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Valladares-Garrido M. Reviewer Report For: Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.175914.r349215 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-5/v2#referee-response-349215 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 26 Dec 2024 Mario Valladares-Garrido , Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Junin, Peru Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.175914.r349215 Thank you for addressing the initial feedback so thoroughly. After reviewing the revised manuscript, I am pleased to confirm that the updates have significantly improved its quality and clarity. The manuscript now meets indexing standards, and I ... Continue reading READ ALL Thank you for addressing the initial feedback so thoroughly. After reviewing the revised manuscript, I am pleased to confirm that the updates have significantly improved its quality and clarity. The manuscript now meets indexing standards, and I recommend its acceptance pending final editorial review. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Medical Education I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Valladares-Garrido M. Reviewer Report For: Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.175914.r349215 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-5/v2#referee-response-349215 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 03 Jan 2024 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Venegas Mejia VL and Esquivel Grados JT. Reviewer Report For: Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.156636.r299561 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-5/v1#referee-response-299561 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 26 Jul 2024 Valia Luz Venegas Mejia , Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, San Miguel, Lima Region, Peru José Theódulo Esquivel Grados , Universidad Nacional Jose Faustino Sanchez Carrion, Huacho, Lima Region, Peru Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.156636.r299561 The results provide specific information to improve the quality of the research process in universities, since the association that is revealed would allow its implementation focused on the best use of the budget, recognition and other criteria linked to the ... Continue reading READ ALL The results provide specific information to improve the quality of the research process in universities, since the association that is revealed would allow its implementation focused on the best use of the budget, recognition and other criteria linked to the research process of the mechanisms of quality assurance of universities at the national and international level. Main points The sources are relevant and current, they allow the research to be supported. The methodological design is solid, requiring statistical techniques consistent with the findings. Meets the journal's publication criteria. The interpretations of the statistical figures and tables present the most notable data, which are supported by the discussion of the results. Tables can be easily viewed to expand information and understanding. Minor points Although the conclusions are supported by the arguments, it would be advisable to accompany it with more relevant statistical results of the findings when the findings are described and supported. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. We confirm that we have read this submission and believe that we have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Venegas Mejia VL and Esquivel Grados JT. Reviewer Report For: Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.156636.r299561 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-5/v1#referee-response-299561 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Valladares-Garrido M. Reviewer Report For: Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.156636.r282097 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-5/v1#referee-response-282097 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 04 Jul 2024 Mario Valladares-Garrido , Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Junin, Peru Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.156636.r282097 Abstract The abstract is well-structured and provides a comprehensive overview of the study. However, a few improvements could enhance clarity and comprehensiveness: Background Context : Briefly explain the significance of scientific research productivity in health sciences ... Continue reading READ ALL Abstract The abstract is well-structured and provides a comprehensive overview of the study. However, a few improvements could enhance clarity and comprehensiveness: Background Context : Briefly explain the significance of scientific research productivity in health sciences education. Operational Definitions : Clarify how key variables (e.g., scientific research productivity) were defined and measured. Elaborate on Conclusion : Offer specific recommendations for universities on how to strengthen research promotion measures based on the study's findings. Methods The methods section is comprehensive and well-structured, with clear and appropriate methodological choices. However, a few improvements could enhance the clarity and comprehensiveness: It is crucial to know the exact number of students who were excluded based on the established exclusion criteria (i.e., those who did not wish to participate in the study and those who did not properly complete the requested information). It is necessary to know the parameters used to estimate the sample size of 400 students: the proportion, precision (margin of error), and confidence level. This information is essential for understanding the sample size calculation. Operational Definitions: Provide more detail on how key constructs (e.g., institutional culture, knowledge management) are operationalized within the study. Enhance Operational Details: Include specific examples or definitions of how independent and dependent variables were measured. Results The section mentions a multiple logistic regression analysis to determine associations with scientific research productivity. However, since the study design is cross-sectional and you have reported adjusted prevalence ratios (PRa), not odds ratios (OR), it would be more appropriate to refer to the analysis as a multiple regression model for estimating prevalence ratios (PR). Discussion The discussion effectively addresses key findings and their implications but could be enhanced with more actionable insights and specific examples from other contexts to provide a clearer path forward for improving student scientific research productivity. Data on Student Research Participation: The discussion highlights low research participation, but it would be useful to provide comparative context. For example, how does this participation compare with other universities or regions? This can help in understanding the relative position of the studied population. Role of University Support: While the discussion mentions university support and recognition as crucial, more specifics on what kind of support (e.g., financial, mentorship, infrastructure) would be beneficial. Recognition of Faculty Involvement: The role of faculty in promoting research is noted, but the discussion could expand on how faculty involvement can be enhanced. For example, how can universities incentivize faculty to mentor students in research? Institutional Gaps: Identifying institutional gaps is crucial, but the discussion could be more actionable by recommending concrete steps universities can take to address these gaps, such as creating more research opportunities, providing access to scientific journals, and fostering a culture of research from early undergraduate years. It would be beneficial to add a section on the implications of the findings for medical education. This section could discuss how the study's results could influence curriculum design and educational practices in health sciences faculties. Specific recommendations could focus on enhancing student engagement in scientific research, integrating research practices early in the curriculum, and strengthening institutional support and research culture to foster a scientific mindset among students. The conclusions drawn are consistent with the findings, but it would be stronger with more emphasis on practical implications. How can universities implement the study’s findings? What are the next steps for research in this area? Limitations: Potential Information Bias: The study should acknowledge the possibility of information bias due to unmeasured variables that could act as confounders. Selection Bias: The study's focus on students from Norbert Wiener University raises concerns about selection bias. The lack of representativeness of the broader student population may limit the generalizability of the findings. It's essential to explicitly state how this bias might have influenced the results and the extent to which the findings can be applied to other universities or contexts. Participation Bias: The potential for participation bias should be addressed, particularly if students who participated in the study differ systematically from those who did not. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Medical Education I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Valladares-Garrido M. Reviewer Report For: Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.156636.r282097 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-5/v1#referee-response-282097 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 03 Jan 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 Version 3 (revision) 13 Jan 25 read Version 2 (revision) 16 Dec 24 read Version 1 03 Jan 24 read read Mario Valladares-Garrido , Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru Valia Luz Venegas Mejia , Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, San Miguel, Peru José Theódulo Esquivel Grados , Universidad Nacional Jose Faustino Sanchez Carrion, Huacho, Peru Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Venegas Mejia V. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 22 Jan 2025 | for Version 3 Valia Luz Venegas Mejia , Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, San Miguel, Lima Region, Peru 0 Views copyright © 2025 Venegas Mejia V. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions I have reviewed the changes and adjustments that were made to the final version of the article and I consider that they are well organized and do not affect the evaluation made initially. I give my approval to the final version, in my role as evaluator. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Venegas Mejia VL. Peer Review Report For: Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176574.r358950) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-5/v3#referee-response-358950 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Valladares-Garrido M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 26 Dec 2024 | for Version 2 Mario Valladares-Garrido , Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Junin, Peru 0 Views copyright © 2024 Valladares-Garrido M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Thank you for addressing the initial feedback so thoroughly. After reviewing the revised manuscript, I am pleased to confirm that the updates have significantly improved its quality and clarity. The manuscript now meets indexing standards, and I recommend its acceptance pending final editorial review. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Medical Education I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Valladares-Garrido M. Peer Review Report For: Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.175914.r349215) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-5/v2#referee-response-349215 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Venegas Mejia V et al. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 26 Jul 2024 | for Version 1 Valia Luz Venegas Mejia , Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, San Miguel, Lima Region, Peru José Theódulo Esquivel Grados , Universidad Nacional Jose Faustino Sanchez Carrion, Huacho, Lima Region, Peru 0 Views copyright © 2024 Venegas Mejia V et al. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The results provide specific information to improve the quality of the research process in universities, since the association that is revealed would allow its implementation focused on the best use of the budget, recognition and other criteria linked to the research process of the mechanisms of quality assurance of universities at the national and international level. Main points The sources are relevant and current, they allow the research to be supported. The methodological design is solid, requiring statistical techniques consistent with the findings. Meets the journal's publication criteria. The interpretations of the statistical figures and tables present the most notable data, which are supported by the discussion of the results. Tables can be easily viewed to expand information and understanding. Minor points Although the conclusions are supported by the arguments, it would be advisable to accompany it with more relevant statistical results of the findings when the findings are described and supported. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. We confirm that we have read this submission and believe that we have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Venegas Mejia VL and Esquivel Grados JT. Peer Review Report For: Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.156636.r299561) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-5/v1#referee-response-299561 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Valladares-Garrido M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 04 Jul 2024 | for Version 1 Mario Valladares-Garrido , Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Junin, Peru 0 Views copyright © 2024 Valladares-Garrido M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Abstract The abstract is well-structured and provides a comprehensive overview of the study. However, a few improvements could enhance clarity and comprehensiveness: Background Context : Briefly explain the significance of scientific research productivity in health sciences education. Operational Definitions : Clarify how key variables (e.g., scientific research productivity) were defined and measured. Elaborate on Conclusion : Offer specific recommendations for universities on how to strengthen research promotion measures based on the study's findings. Methods The methods section is comprehensive and well-structured, with clear and appropriate methodological choices. However, a few improvements could enhance the clarity and comprehensiveness: It is crucial to know the exact number of students who were excluded based on the established exclusion criteria (i.e., those who did not wish to participate in the study and those who did not properly complete the requested information). It is necessary to know the parameters used to estimate the sample size of 400 students: the proportion, precision (margin of error), and confidence level. This information is essential for understanding the sample size calculation. Operational Definitions: Provide more detail on how key constructs (e.g., institutional culture, knowledge management) are operationalized within the study. Enhance Operational Details: Include specific examples or definitions of how independent and dependent variables were measured. Results The section mentions a multiple logistic regression analysis to determine associations with scientific research productivity. However, since the study design is cross-sectional and you have reported adjusted prevalence ratios (PRa), not odds ratios (OR), it would be more appropriate to refer to the analysis as a multiple regression model for estimating prevalence ratios (PR). Discussion The discussion effectively addresses key findings and their implications but could be enhanced with more actionable insights and specific examples from other contexts to provide a clearer path forward for improving student scientific research productivity. Data on Student Research Participation: The discussion highlights low research participation, but it would be useful to provide comparative context. For example, how does this participation compare with other universities or regions? This can help in understanding the relative position of the studied population. Role of University Support: While the discussion mentions university support and recognition as crucial, more specifics on what kind of support (e.g., financial, mentorship, infrastructure) would be beneficial. Recognition of Faculty Involvement: The role of faculty in promoting research is noted, but the discussion could expand on how faculty involvement can be enhanced. For example, how can universities incentivize faculty to mentor students in research? Institutional Gaps: Identifying institutional gaps is crucial, but the discussion could be more actionable by recommending concrete steps universities can take to address these gaps, such as creating more research opportunities, providing access to scientific journals, and fostering a culture of research from early undergraduate years. It would be beneficial to add a section on the implications of the findings for medical education. This section could discuss how the study's results could influence curriculum design and educational practices in health sciences faculties. Specific recommendations could focus on enhancing student engagement in scientific research, integrating research practices early in the curriculum, and strengthening institutional support and research culture to foster a scientific mindset among students. The conclusions drawn are consistent with the findings, but it would be stronger with more emphasis on practical implications. How can universities implement the study’s findings? What are the next steps for research in this area? Limitations: Potential Information Bias: The study should acknowledge the possibility of information bias due to unmeasured variables that could act as confounders. Selection Bias: The study's focus on students from Norbert Wiener University raises concerns about selection bias. The lack of representativeness of the broader student population may limit the generalizability of the findings. It's essential to explicitly state how this bias might have influenced the results and the extent to which the findings can be applied to other universities or contexts. Participation Bias: The potential for participation bias should be addressed, particularly if students who participated in the study differ systematically from those who did not. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Medical Education I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Valladares-Garrido M. Peer Review Report For: Conditioning factors for the scientific productivity of undergraduate students of health sciences at a private Peruvian University: A cross-sectional analytical study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :5 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.156636.r282097) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-5/v1#referee-response-282097 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. 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