Time-Frequency Joint Imaging Algorithm for Borehole Radar Logging

Time-Frequency Joint Imaging Algorithm for Borehole Radar Logging | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Time-Frequency Joint Imaging Algorithm for Borehole Radar Logging Longfei Dang, Miao Yang, Chun Yang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8913341/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In borehole radar logging identification technology, there are two key issues: target detection range and spatial resolution. Existing imaging algorithms suffer from significant drawbacks, including poor imaging performance for long-distance targets, inadequate tracking performance for moving targets, and weak identification capability for small cross-section targets. To address the contradiction between detection range and resolution as well as the bottleneck in small target identification, we propose a novel joint time-frequency imaging algorithm. This algorithm includes key steps such as amplitude normalization, time-base synchronization calibration, multi-cycle signal superposition, hybrid-domain digital filtering, and time-varying amplification. Experimental results from extensive investigations show that our algorithm increases the target detection range from the decimeter level (traditional method) to the 10-meter level, and enhances the spatial resolution from the meter level (traditional method) to the centimeter level. The proposed algorithm provides crucial support for the development of a time-domain borehole radar logging system that achieves both long-distance detection and high resolution. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Optics and photonics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 18 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 17 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 21 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 05 Mar, 2026 Editor invited by journal 05 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 01 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 01 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8913341","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":603100133,"identity":"977d1fe6-c56d-4295-8f75-9d9c8bc7c0b6","order_by":0,"name":"Longfei Dang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sichuan Police College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Longfei","middleName":"","lastName":"Dang","suffix":""},{"id":603100134,"identity":"3a832ba1-7a1d-4d3c-b957-384fa29cb2c0","order_by":1,"name":"Miao Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sichuan Police College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Miao","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":603100136,"identity":"5869f9f2-1371-4fff-a7f9-dd06e9a8ba8c","order_by":2,"name":"Chun Yang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLACxgYGBvtm/o8PEipqSNBiwM5gbPDgzDFStPAzmEk+bGEmrNrg+NnDL37uOJxnzsyQVpHYwMbA396dgF/Lmbw0y94zh4stmxmO3UjcIcMgcebsBvxaDuSYGTO2HU5sOMzYdiPxDBuDgUQuAS3n38C0MLMVJLYxE6HlRo7xY5CWDYfZ2BiI0iJ5440ZY29beuLMZh5miYQzx3gI+oXvfI7xh59t1on9/GcYP/6oqJHjb+/Fr0XhAAObBLIAD17lICDfwMD8gaCqUTAKRsEoGNkAAHnOTnn6aNVVAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chun","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-19 02:38:50","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8913341/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8913341/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104423444,"identity":"5bf95b94-c4dd-48a7-8b07-23bd371da8bd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 14:13:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1579417,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"main.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8913341/v1_covered_94881cfe-0943-4e2b-9c2a-c9340341516c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Time-Frequency Joint Imaging Algorithm for Borehole Radar Logging","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8913341/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8913341/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"In borehole radar logging identification technology, there are two key issues: target detection range and spatial resolution. 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